Binding input and output values

…Before diving into the details of PDO prepared statements, let's take a…quick look at the different methods for binding input and output values.…Prepared statements use placeholders for values that aren't known in advance…or that come from external sources such as an online form.…All the examples in this chapter are select queries, but you can…use placeholders in prepared statements for insert, update, and delete as well.…You bind values to placeholders using the bindParam or bindValue methods.…

I'll explain the difference in a moment.…Alternatively, you can parse an array of values directly to the execute method.…A prepared statement can also bind the output values of…a result set to named variables using the find column method.…This avoids the need to use an…associative array, simplifying embedding the results in HTML.…When binding input values to placeholders, bindParam and bindValue achieve…the same result but there's a subtle and perhaps confusing difference.…

bindParam works only with a variable, you can't pass it…