Random number generator

- Another common simulation technique…is referred to as the Monte Carlo simulation.…A Monte Carlo simulation is a way…of approximating the value of a function…where calculating the actual value…is difficult or impossible.…It uses random sampling to define constraints on the value,…and then makes a sort of "best guess".…Monte Carlo methods vary,…but tend to follow a particular pattern.…First, define a domain of possible inputs.…Then, generate inputs randomly…from a probability distribution over the domain.…

Third, perform a deterministic computation on the inputs.…And, finally, aggregate the results.…A simple Monte Carlo simulation can be used…to calculate the value of PI,…or to approximate the value of PI.…If you had a circle and a square,…where the length of a side of the square…was the same as the diameter of the circle,…the ratio of the area of the circle…to the area of the square would be PI over four.…So, if you put this circle inside the square…and select many random points inside the square,…the number of points that fall inside the circle…