Let's focus on some of the universal thoughts that cloud our judgment and dominate the texture of our disagreements.…These universal thoughts are called cognitive biases, and they operate below the surface…of our awareness, and when we are in the middle of a conflict that's escalated into a full-blown…dispute, biases and buried thought patterns often cause us to cling to our positions like barnacles.…So let's uncover how these cognitive biases work in our everyday conversations.…

Hindsight bias, this is also called the "I knew it all along" bias.…It's the tendency to view past events as being predictable.…In our example, when Heather accuses Jack of intentionally excluding her from an email…chain, Jack might say, "I knew you'd have that reaction and wouldn't support me."…Next is fundamental attribution error.…This is the tendency for people to explain the behavior of others as personality defects…while minimizing the role of situational influences.…

Heather views Jack's failure to keep her in the loop as being political or underhanded,…