IntroductionWelcome| 00:04 | Hello! I'm Garrick Chow, and welcome
to Computer Literacy for the Mac.
| | 00:08 | This course is aimed at
the complete computer novice.
| | 00:10 | So if you're the sort of person who
feels some mild anxiety, nervousness, or
| | 00:14 | dread every time you sit down in front
of a computer, this course is for you.
| | 00:17 | We're going to avoid technical
jargon and present everything in
| | 00:21 | easy-to-understand language.
| | 00:23 | We'll develop a foundation of the
basic knowledge you'll need to use your
| | 00:25 | computer effectively.
| | 00:26 | I'll be starting with the rudiments
of what a computer is, explaining the
| | 00:30 | main components, and offering advice
on whether you should choose a laptop or
| | 00:33 | a desktop computer.
| | 00:35 | From there, we'll look at how to use the
operating system to open, create, save,
| | 00:38 | and otherwise manage your files,
applications, and projects.
| | 00:41 | Then we'll look at how to connect
peripheral devices like printers, scanners,
| | 00:46 | projectors for presentations, as well
as how to use external storage devices.
| | 00:50 | The second half of the course is
dedicated to getting things done.
| | 00:53 | We'll see how to connect to your
network and get online, how to use e-mail, how
| | 00:58 | to search the Internet, and we'll
even cover the basics of word processing,
| | 01:01 | spreadsheets, photo editing and sharing files.
| | 01:04 | There's a lot to get through,
| | 01:05 | so let's get started with
Computer Literacy for the Mac.
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| Using the assessment files| 00:00 | Included with this course are short
chapter-by-chapter quizzes that can be used
| | 00:04 | to assess how much you've
learned after each chapter.
| | 00:06 | These assessments are in the Adobe PDF
format, which requires you to download
| | 00:10 | and install a copy of the
free Adobe Reader application.
| | 00:13 | You can download this application by
opening your web browser and going to
| | 00:16 | get.adobe.com/reader.
| | 00:19 | You'll also find more information on
the PDF format in the chapter of this
| | 00:22 | course titled Introduction to Sharing Files.
| | 00:25 | Once you open the assessment in Reader,
you'll be up to take the quiz and type
| | 00:28 | your answers into the boxes by each question.
| | 00:31 | The first time you click in a box in
Reader, you may see this dialog box,
| | 00:34 | telling you you cannot save a
completed copy of this form on your computer.
| | 00:37 | This is basically telling you that you
can't save a version of this assessment
| | 00:40 | with your answers filled in, and that
if you want a version of your assessment
| | 00:43 | with the answers filled in you'll to
print out the assessment when you're done.
| | 00:46 | Go ahead and click Close and then you
can continue filling out the assessment.
| | 00:52 | At the end of the last page of each
assessment, you'll find a Reset button,
| | 00:56 | which will clear all of your answers if
you wish to start over again, as well as
| | 00:59 | a Print button, which, when clicked,
will open your computer's Print dialog box,
| | 01:03 | allowing you to print a copy of the
assessment that includes your answers.
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| Using the exercise files| 00:00 | If you would like to follow along with
some of the specific exercises in this
| | 00:03 | course, you can download and place a
copy of the exercise files on your desktop.
| | 00:08 | All the files for this course are
grouped together into this single folder, and
| | 00:11 | you'll see captions appear at the
bottom of movies, letting you know which file
| | 00:14 | I'm using at any particular time.
| | 00:16 | Just open the file in whichever
application I'm using at that time, in the movie
| | 00:19 | you're watching, and you should have no trouble
following along with the steps I am performing.
| | 00:23 | But following along with me is not required.
| | 00:25 | If you prefer, just sit back and watch
what I'm doing in each movie, and then
| | 00:29 | you can try out what you've learned
for yourself using your own files later.
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1. Introduction to Computers What's a computer?| 00:00 | When using the word 'computer' in the
context of this training course, I'm
| | 00:03 | referring to the entire package of
everything you need to actually accomplish tasks.
| | 00:08 | Some people refer to a computer as
just the actual unit housing the main
| | 00:11 | components of the hard drive,
processor, memory, and so on.
| | 00:14 | But to really use a computer, you also need
a monitor, so you can see what you're doing.
| | 00:18 | Now some computers, like the iMac
or Apple's notebook computers have
| | 00:21 | built-in monitors, but it's important to not
confuse the monitor with the computer itself.
| | 00:26 | The monitor, sometimes also called the
display, doesn't do any of the work or
| | 00:29 | processing of the computer.
| | 00:30 | It simply displays the computer's
interface, which is still an essential
| | 00:34 | component of the entire system.
| | 00:36 | You also need a keyboard and a mouse,
so you can enter text and commands and
| | 00:39 | control your computer.
| | 00:40 | You'll often need speakers or
headphones so you can hear the sounds
| | 00:43 | your computer makes.
| | 00:44 | Some computers have built-in
speakers, while others don't.
| | 00:47 | Computers also need to have an
operating system, which is the software that
| | 00:50 | manages the entire operation
of your entire computer system.
| | 00:53 | We'll talk more about
operating systems in a later movie.
| | 00:55 | To use a computer, you also need
applications, which are programs that you
| | 00:59 | run on your computer, like word processing,
spreadsheet or photo editing applications.
| | 01:04 | Many computers come with built-in
software applications, and you can purchase
| | 01:07 | and install thousands of other
applications you might want, or need.
| | 01:10 | You may also need additional hardware to
have your computer perform other tasks.
| | 01:14 | For example, you'll need a printer
in order to have paper copies of your
| | 01:17 | documents, or a scanner to create
electronic versions of your documents,
| | 01:21 | although, these days, your printer and
scanner may, in fact, be the same device.
| | 01:24 | If you want to get online, you'll need
a web browsing software, a modem, and
| | 01:28 | you'll need to subscribe to
an Internet service provider.
| | 01:30 | So at the very least, you need the
computer unit itself, a monitor, an operating
| | 01:35 | system, and the keyboard and
mouse to have a computer system.
| | 01:38 | But all of these things and more can
make up your computer system, and generally,
| | 01:42 | when we talk about computers, we're
talking about any configuration that
| | 01:45 | involves these basic and essential components.
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| What's inside a computer?| 00:00 | When it comes to figuring out how
capable your computer is, whether you're
| | 00:03 | shopping around for a new computer, or if
you've received a hand-me-down computer
| | 00:07 | for work or at home, you
want to know three things first:
| | 00:10 | how large is the hard drive, how much RAM
is installed, and how fast the processor is.
| | 00:15 | Now, a lot of people who aren't
familiar with computers have trouble
| | 00:17 | understating these three terms
and what they mean in terms of the
| | 00:19 | computer's capabilities.
| | 00:21 | Allow me to offer this analogy.
| | 00:23 | This is a hard drive.
| | 00:25 | Your computer's hard drive is also
referred to as a hard disk, and it's the
| | 00:28 | computer's storage device.
| | 00:30 | You most likely rarely see it on the
open like this, since it is an internal
| | 00:33 | device, but this is what one looks like.
| | 00:35 | You can think of the hard drive as
the filing cabinet where everything on
| | 00:39 | your computer is stored:
| | 00:41 | from programs, to documents, to videos.
| | 00:44 | Basically, anything that's stored on
your computer is stored on the hard drive.
| | 00:48 | Now this is a RAM or
Random Access Memory module.
| | 00:51 | Most people just call it RAM or memory.
| | 00:53 | Think of your computer's RAM
as this desk I'm sitting at.
| | 00:57 | In order to work with the files from my
filing cabinet, I need to have space on
| | 01:01 | my desk to pile and organize my files.
| | 01:04 | The smaller the desk, the fewer files
and other items I can work with at once.
| | 01:08 | Similarly, the less RAM you have, the
fewer documents and applications you can
| | 01:11 | have running at one time on your computer.
| | 01:13 | That's why RAM is one of the most common
upgrades people have done to their computers.
| | 01:17 | More RAM means more memory to
work with more files, more quickly.
| | 01:21 | Adding more RAM is kind of like
adding these wire boxes to my desk.
| | 01:24 | It gives me more room to shuffle
around the items on my desk and work with
| | 01:29 | more items at once.
| | 01:31 | Now, the third item I mentioned is
the CPU, or Central Processing Unit.
| | 01:35 | Most people just call it the processor.
| | 01:38 | The CPU is the computer's brain.
| | 01:40 | It's the item that carries out all
the functions of the computer, from
| | 01:42 | processing the instructions from the
programs you are running, to keeping the
| | 01:45 | operating system working.
| | 01:47 | In our desk and filing
cabinet analogy, the CPU is you.
| | 01:51 | You can have a filing cabinet full of
files and a huge desk to work on those
| | 01:54 | files, but without you,
nothing can happen to those files.
| | 01:59 | Generally, you can upgrade your hard
drive space, which would be like getting
| | 02:01 | a larger filing cabinet, or even an additional
filing cabinet, so you can store more files.
| | 02:06 | You can upgrade your RAM, which would
be like getting a larger desk or work
| | 02:08 | area, so you can work with more files at once.
| | 02:11 | But the CPU is rarely upgraded because
it's usually soldered into your computer
| | 02:15 | and requires a lot more skill to replace.
| | 02:17 | So, just as you can't really upgrade
yourself in this analogy, you can't usually
| | 02:21 | upgrade your CPU either.
| | 02:23 | Now, of course, there's a lot more
inside a computer than just a hard
| | 02:25 | drive, RAM, and the CPU.
| | 02:27 | You've got video cards, audio input and
output ports, USB ports, CD and DVD-ROM
| | 02:32 | drives, expansion cards, the list
goes on, but storage space, memory and
| | 02:37 | processor speed are probably the
most important things to consider when
| | 02:40 | evaluating a computer.
| | 02:41 | We'll take a look at some of
those other components of computers in
| | 02:44 | upcoming movies.
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| Laptop vs. desktop computers| 00:00 | When it comes time to pick out
and purchase a Mac, one of the first
| | 00:03 | decisions you'll have to make is
whether you want to get a desktop computer
| | 00:06 | or a laptop computer.
| | 00:08 | This is an example of a laptop Mac.
| | 00:10 | Laptops are also often referred to as
notebook computers, which is the term
| | 00:13 | Apple uses on their web site.
| | 00:15 | Notebook computers are designed for
portability, often weighing less than six
| | 00:18 | or seven pounds, and they have the monitor,
keyboard, and mouse-pointing device built-in.
| | 00:22 | So you usually don't have to plug in
any other accessories to use the computer.
| | 00:27 | This is an example of a desktop Mac.
| | 00:29 | Now the term desktop can mean
different things when you're talking about
| | 00:31 | computers, but in this context, desktop
refers to all computers that either sit
| | 00:35 | on or next to your desk, or workstation.
| | 00:38 | Unlike notebook computers, desktop
computers are not designed to be portable or
| | 00:41 | carried around a lot.
| | 00:43 | But how do you decide which type of Mac to get?
| | 00:45 | Well, for the most part, you should
only select the notebook if you genuinely
| | 00:48 | need the portability.
| | 00:50 | The Mac notebooks today are nearly,
if not just as powerful as the desktop
| | 00:53 | counterparts, but you're going to be
spending more money on notebooks for the
| | 00:56 | same amount of power you can
get from a desktop computer.
| | 00:59 | Desktop computers usually also have the
advantage of being more upgradeable, but
| | 01:03 | just about all of Apple's computers
are very easy to add additional memory or
| | 01:06 | larger hard drives to.
| | 01:07 | The Mac Pro desktop is going to give
you the most expansion capabilities and
| | 01:11 | external ports for adding peripheral devices.
| | 01:13 | Just bear in mind that if you go
with a Mac desktop, you'll also have to
| | 01:16 | purchase a monitor, so be sure to
consider that item in your budget with the
| | 01:19 | exception being the iMac, which is a
desktop computer with the monitor built-in.
| | 01:23 | The MacBook and MacBook Pro also offer
the ability to connect second monitors,
| | 01:27 | which many people find useful when
they're using their notebook computers at
| | 01:29 | home and would like a
larger screen to work with.
| | 01:31 | Now you might have heard of a third
type of computer from Apple, called the
| | 01:35 | iPad, which is considered a tablet computer.
| | 01:39 | The iPad features a touchscreen
display and you operate it by touching and
| | 01:42 | typing the screen with your fingers;
| | 01:44 | however, I wouldn't recommend
the iPad as your only computer.
| | 01:47 | It's not nearly as powerful or
capable as doing professional work.
| | 01:50 | So if you need a computer for school
or work to do your word processing,
| | 01:53 | photo management, video editing
and so on, you want to go with a full
| | 01:56 | notebook or a desktop Mac.
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| Special considerations when using a laptop| 00:00 | If you've decided to use a laptop or
a notebook computer, or if you really
| | 00:04 | didn't have any say in the matter and
had one issued to you, there are some
| | 00:07 | things unique to the use of
laptops that you should be familiar with.
| | 00:09 | First of all, the laptop
is an all-in-one device.
| | 00:13 | All of the necessary components are
built-in, and for the most part, you can
| | 00:16 | carry it around and have
everything you need to get your work done.
| | 00:19 | Now because it's a portable device,
it runs off an internal battery.
| | 00:22 | Most laptop batteries can last between
two to six hours on a single charge, but
| | 00:26 | your results will vary greatly
depending on how hard you're taxing the laptop.
| | 00:29 | So you should always carry the
laptop's power supply cable along with you, so
| | 00:33 | you can plug it into an outlet to
charge the battery, especially if you know
| | 00:36 | you're going to be using it
for an extended period of time.
| | 00:39 | A laptop with a depleted battery and no
power cable is only good as a paperweight.
| | 00:42 | Now when it comes to actually using
the laptop, probably the most important
| | 00:46 | thing to get used to is the mouse, or
more accurately, the lack of a mouse.
| | 00:51 | This is a mouse, and all
computers need one to be operated.
| | 00:54 | Now you can plug a mouse like this
into your laptop, but laptops generally
| | 00:58 | don't come with them. Instead they use a variety
of different built-in devices to act as the mouse, or a
| | 01:03 | pointing device, as it sometimes called.
| | 01:05 | Probably the most common pointing
device is the trackpad, which all of Apple's
| | 01:09 | current line of MacBooks and MacBook Pros use.
| | 01:11 | This is a touch-sensitive device,
which you operate by sliding your
| | 01:14 | finger around on it.
| | 01:16 | The mouse pointer onscreen
moves as you move your finger.
| | 01:19 | On slightly older MacBooks, the
trackpad has a button below it for clicking,
| | 01:22 | although you can often also enable
tapping the trackpad itself to perform a
| | 01:25 | mouse-click. And on the newer MacBooks,
the trackpad itself is the button you
| | 01:29 | press down to click.
| | 01:31 | Again, you might want to plug an
external mouse into your laptop's USB port if
| | 01:34 | you prefer to use a real mouse, or use
a wireless Bluetooth mouse, which I'll
| | 01:38 | show you how to set up in a later chapter.
| | 01:41 | Another feature you might have to get
used to on your laptop is the keyboard.
| | 01:44 | While the keys on all MacBooks and
MacBook Pros are the same size as on a
| | 01:48 | standard keyboard, the keys themselves
might be spaced apart closer or further
| | 01:51 | than you are used to, and they might
not press down as far as you're used to.
| | 01:55 | So typing might be a little more
challenging at first, until you get used to
| | 01:58 | the built-in keyboard.
| | 01:59 | Also, to save space, certain
keys might be combined together.
| | 02:02 | For instance, the F keys, which are used
for a variety of purposes, require you to
| | 02:06 | hold down the Fn or function
button in order to use them.
| | 02:09 | You'll find that your F keys have been
combined with the buttons for controlling
| | 02:12 | the volume of your speakers or
the brightness of your screen.
| | 02:15 | The layout of keys can really vary from
laptop to laptop, so your best bet is to
| | 02:19 | take some time to examine your
keyboard and read through the portion of your
| | 02:22 | user manual that discusses the keyboard.
| | 02:25 | And as with the mouse, you can
usually plug an external keyboard into your
| | 02:28 | laptop if you prefer, although that's
not as common since most people can't fit
| | 02:31 | a full-size keyboard into their laptop bag.
| | 02:34 | Once you familiarize yourself with your
laptop though, you will probably be able
| | 02:37 | to use it almost as efficiently
as you do with desktop computer.
| | 02:40 | I do recommend carrying an external mouse if
you have a lot of work to do on your laptop.
| | 02:44 | It's just easier to work with the real mouse
than any other pointing device, at least for me.
| | 02:48 | You might also want to invest in a
second power cable for you laptop, so you
| | 02:52 | don't have to constantly plug and unplug
your power cable from your main work area.
| | 02:56 | I personally have a power cable,
external monitor, keyboard, and mouse that I
| | 03:00 | keep at my desk for when I'm using my
laptop at the office, and when I need to
| | 03:03 | travel, I just unplug everything,
pack up the laptop, and I can continue
| | 03:08 | working wherever I have to be by using the
power cable and mouse that I keep in my laptop bag.
| | 03:12 | So those are just some things to be
aware of and keep in mind when you have to
| | 03:15 | work with notebooks.
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2. Introduction to Operating SystemsUnderstanding the operating system| 00:00 | You've probably heard the term
'operating system' before, but you might not be
| | 00:03 | exactly sure what it means.
| | 00:05 | Essentially, your computer's operating
system is the software that manages how
| | 00:08 | you interact with the computer, how
the programs on the computer use and
| | 00:11 | access the computer's hardware, and
it's a big part of how your computer
| | 00:14 | behaves and performs.
| | 00:15 | You can think of the operating
system as the master program that runs and
| | 00:18 | manages all the other programs on your computer.
| | 00:21 | It's the backbone of your computer, and
it's the most important program because
| | 00:24 | it controls everything that goes in
and out of your computer, from allocating
| | 00:27 | memory to programs, to copying files
from one drive to another, to receiving
| | 00:31 | commands from your keyboard and
mouse, to telling you the time of day.
| | 00:35 | You can't have a computer
without an operating system.
| | 00:37 | Usually, the operating system comes
pre-installed in your computer, but if
| | 00:41 | you've had your computer for a few years,
you may want or need to upgrade your
| | 00:44 | operating system to the most
current version the operating system's
| | 00:46 | manufacturer has released.
| | 00:48 | Now, that said, there are many
different operating systems out there.
| | 00:52 | On PCs, the most popular operating
system is Windows, and as I record this
| | 00:55 | movie, the current version of the
Windows operating system is Windows 7.
| | 01:00 | On a Mac, the operating system is
called Mac OS X, with the current version
| | 01:03 | being OS 10.6, Snow Leopard.
| | 01:06 | These are probably the two
most well-known operating systems.
| | 01:08 | You've probably also heard of Linux,
another popular computer operating system,
| | 01:13 | but generally, any computer or device
that runs programs, especially multiple
| | 01:16 | programs, has an operating system.
| | 01:18 | Game consoles, like the Wii, PS3,
and Xbox, all have operating systems.
| | 01:22 | Your mobile phone has an operating system.
| | 01:24 | Now, in addition to the essential
purpose of managing your computer and the
| | 01:28 | programs you use, most operating
systems, like Windows and Mac OS X, also come
| | 01:32 | with built-in programs also called applications.
| | 01:34 | So applications are also
called apps, programs, or software.
| | 01:38 | Now, these can be simple word processing
applications, applications for managing
| | 01:42 | your photos, applications for
sending and receiving e-mail, and so on.
| | 01:46 | In some cases, you can get by
with the applications included with
| | 01:48 | your operating system -
| | 01:49 | for example, both Windows and Mac
OS X come with built-in web browsing
| | 01:53 | application for surfing the web - but
you are also free to install and use
| | 01:56 | applications made by other companies.
| | 01:58 | Some applications can be downloaded for
free from the companies that make them;
| | 02:02 | others have to be purchased.
| | 02:03 | It really depends on what
application you are talking about.
| | 02:05 | It's also very important to note that
you usually have to make sure you are
| | 02:08 | downloading or purchasing the version of
software that's made for your operating system.
| | 02:11 | For example, if you are using Windows,
you need to run Windows applications;
| | 02:15 | if you are on a Mac, you
need to run Mac applications.
| | 02:17 | In many cases, software developers
release both versions of their software, but
| | 02:21 | there are many applications that
only work with one or the other.
| | 02:24 | Whether you are downloading software or
purchasing at a store, you should always
| | 02:27 | be able to find a section called system
requirements that will let you know what
| | 02:31 | operating system you need to run the
software, as well the minimum amount of RAM,
| | 02:34 | hard drive space, and any other
requirements you might need to run the software.
| | 02:38 | You are going to find that some people
are very particular and passionate about
| | 02:42 | their choice of operating system.
| | 02:43 | The goal of this course is not to extol
the virtues of one or the other, though.
| | 02:47 | If you want to know more about the
specifics of a Windows or Mac operating
| | 02:49 | system, you can check out the courses
covering those operating systems on the
| | 02:53 | lynda.com Online Training Library.
| | 02:54 | What I want to do here is to make sure
you understand what an operating system
| | 02:58 | is, what it does, and why it's
important to know which operating system you
| | 03:01 | are using.
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| Understanding files, folders, and directories| 00:00 | One of the most important concepts to
understand when working with computers is
| | 00:04 | the system for organizing, storing,
and locating your files and applications.
| | 00:08 | In this context, the term 'file'
refers to a single item, such as a word
| | 00:12 | processing document, a photo,
a video clip, a song, and so on.
| | 00:16 | Applications are the programs that you
run on your computer with which you use,
| | 00:20 | interact with, or create the
file stored on your computer.
| | 00:23 | Another term you'll frequently hear is 'folder'.
| | 00:25 | A folder is sometimes refer to as a
directory, but I think folder makes
| | 00:28 | more sense because it's easy to understand
the concept of storing files within folders.
| | 00:32 | In fact, everything you interact
with on your computer is stored in a
| | 00:35 | hierarchy of folders.
| | 00:37 | You can have folders nested within
other folders and files stored throughout
| | 00:40 | those nested folders.
| | 00:41 | If it helps, you can think of your hard
drive as one big master folder, or even a
| | 00:44 | filing cabinet, where all the other
folders are stored, accessed, and arranged.
| | 00:48 | Let's take a look at an example
of a file and folder hierarchy.
| | 00:52 | I have this folder on my computer
called Bills in which I want to store scanned
| | 00:55 | versions of all my
utility and credit card bills.
| | 00:57 | I am going to double-click this folder
to open it, meaning I am going to click
| | 01:00 | it twice with my mouse.
| | 01:02 | Inside this folder, you can see I have
only three files, but they are clearly
| | 01:05 | labeled electric, heat, and water,
with the month's name in the file name.
| | 01:09 | Now, as I received more bills, I could
just continue to save them in this folder
| | 01:12 | called Bills, but as you can probably
imagine, my folder will get pretty cluttered
| | 01:15 | and disorganized quickly.
| | 01:17 | This is an example of when it's highly
advantages to create nested folders, or subfolders.
| | 01:21 | Now, here in Mac OS X, I just click
this gear icon at the top of the window
| | 01:25 | and choose New Folder.
| | 01:26 | That gives me a folder called
untitled folder, and notice the name's
| | 01:31 | already highlighted, meaning it's
selected, and I can start typing to
| | 01:34 | rename this folder.
| | 01:35 | I'll call this Water.
| | 01:37 | I'm just going to move this down right
about there, and I'll just quickly create
| | 01:41 | two more new folders.
| | 01:42 | I'll call this one Heat.
| | 01:45 | Again, we'll move that down. And we'll
create one more and call this one Electric.
| | 01:53 | I think I'll just move that down here.
| | 01:56 | So, now I've created three nested, or
subfolders within my main Bills folder.
| | 02:02 | With these three subfolders created, I
can now easily organize my various bills
| | 02:05 | by dragging them into the appropriate folders.
| | 02:08 | So, water goes into Water, heat goes
into Heat, and electric goes into Electric.
| | 02:15 | So, if you understood that, you
understand the essential principal behind the
| | 02:19 | folders and file system
of your operating system.
| | 02:20 | Now, you don't absolutely have to
organize your files into folders;
| | 02:24 | your computer is perfectly capable of
keeping track of files wherever you place
| | 02:27 | them, but the question is whether you can.
| | 02:29 | It's not hard when there are only three
files to organize, but how about 300 or 3000?
| | 02:35 | Really, I'd say organizing your files is
an essential skill and habit to get into.
| | 02:38 | Now, I also want to discuss the
different ways in which you can view the
| | 02:41 | files within a folder.
| | 02:42 | Here, in Mac OS X, you have four
buttons on the upper portion of your window.
| | 02:47 | The first button represents Icon view,
which we are currently looking at.
| | 02:50 | In this view, the contents of the
folder you are looking at are represented as
| | 02:52 | these icons, or small pictures.
| | 02:55 | You do have the ability to change the
size of the icons using the slider in the
| | 02:58 | lower right-hand corner of the screen.
| | 02:59 | So, I can drag that left and right to
make them larger and smaller, and you can
| | 03:02 | see they can get really big and detailed.
| | 03:06 | I prefer them about that size.
| | 03:08 | Now, the second view here is List view.
| | 03:09 | I prefer this view myself because not
only can I see the file names, but other
| | 03:13 | information, like the date
the file was last modified on.
| | 03:16 | If I scroll to the right, I can now see
file sizes and the kind of file they are.
| | 03:20 | Next, we have Column view, which, as you
can see, divides your window vertically.
| | 03:28 | The advantage of this view is that it
allows you to see the path you follow to
| | 03:31 | get to certain files.
| | 03:32 | Notice I can click the Water folder
and then the actual water bill itself,
| | 03:38 | which ends with me seeing a preview of
the file here on the far right, and I
| | 03:41 | can scroll to the left to clearly see the
folder or directory path I followed to get here.
| | 03:48 | Finally, we have Cover Flow view.
| | 03:49 | This splits your window horizontally
and displays each of the items as images
| | 03:53 | you can browse through either by
dragging the scroll bar to the left and right,
| | 03:56 | or by clicking the files in the lower pane.
| | 03:58 | If I open up any of these folders by
toggling that triangle open, I can see a
| | 04:03 | preview of that file as well.
| | 04:05 | It's completely your
choice which view you prefer.
| | 04:07 | This has absolutely no effect
on the contents of your folder,
| | 04:09 | only the way you look at them.
| | 04:11 | Again, I like List view myself because
you can click on these headers to sort
| | 04:15 | your list of files and folders.
| | 04:16 | This can be especially useful if you
want to say display all the most recently
| | 04:19 | modified files in order, or if you just want
to list them alphabetically, again, click name.
| | 04:24 | Clicking any header twice
reverses the order of the list.
| | 04:26 | You'll also have the ability to see
your files in List view while in Cover Flow
| | 04:31 | view in the lower portion of the pane here.
| | 04:33 | But I usually find the Preview pane at
the top a little distracting, unless I
| | 04:36 | really need to see previews
of what the files contain.
| | 04:39 | So, I keep everything in List view
myself, but again, the choice is up to you.
| | 04:42 | Okay, so that's an overview of the
thinking behind the file and photo hierarchy,
| | 04:45 | and the various ways you can
view the contents of your folders.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Understanding your home folder (your user folder)| 00:01 | In a previous movie, we looked at
the important concept of folders and files,
| | 00:04 | and how this organizational system is
used by you and your operating system to
| | 00:08 | manage all the contents of your hard drive.
| | 00:10 | Now, it's important to note that many
of the folders and files on your computer
| | 00:13 | are not for your use.
| | 00:14 | They are there for
operating system to run properly.
| | 00:17 | In some cases, these files and folders
are protected by the operating system so
| | 00:21 | you'll be unable to move, rename or delete them.
| | 00:24 | But there are files and folders you
can move around if you know what you are
| | 00:26 | doing, but you can also
potentially damage your system if you don't.
| | 00:30 | That's why your personal account
on your Mac includes a Home folder.
| | 00:33 | Let's take a look at how we get to the
Home folder before we learn what it is.
| | 00:36 | Currently, I don't have any windows
open or any applications running, and I am
| | 00:40 | looking at the Mac Finder.
| | 00:41 | You can see the word Finder here in the
upper left-hand corner here, in the Menu bar.
| | 00:45 | The current application's name is
always displayed here, and the Finder is
| | 00:48 | basically the way you
interact with your operating system.
| | 00:51 | So, to open my Home folder, I
could do a number of different things.
| | 00:53 | I am going to go to the Go
menu, and here I can select Home.
| | 00:57 | Notice there is also a
keyboard shortcut listed here.
| | 01:00 | If you'd like shortcuts, you can
press the Command key, which is the Apple
| | 01:03 | button on your keyboard, Shift+H
together to open your Home folder.
| | 01:07 | I'll just select it from the Menu for now.
| | 01:10 | So, the Home folder is your folder.
| | 01:12 | It's where you can store all of you
documents, music, photos, videos, and so on.
| | 01:16 | Now, you can store the files in other
parts of your hard drive, but they are
| | 01:19 | very few reasons to do that.
| | 01:21 | It's best to keep all of your personal
files here in your Home folder so they
| | 01:24 | are all located in one central place.
| | 01:25 | You are also free to create additional
folders in your Home folder, or within any
| | 01:29 | of these other default
folders, as your needs require.
| | 01:32 | Even your Mac uses you Home folder
to manage the files related to you.
| | 01:34 | For example, the Music folder contains
the music that you listen to in iTunes.
| | 01:39 | I am going to click the Left Back button
here to go back to look at my Home folder.
| | 01:43 | The Pictures folder contains the
pictures you manage in iPhoto, and the Library
| | 01:49 | folder, which you should not play
around in unless you know what you are doing, is
| | 01:52 | where your preferences for your
various applications are stored.
| | 01:57 | So, that's your Home folder.
| | 01:58 | Anytime you are using an application,
and you want to save a file, for
| | 02:01 | example, if you are writing a paper and
want to save it, you should navigate to
| | 02:04 | your Home folder and most likely, save
it to your Documents folder, or into a
| | 02:08 | folder you've nested
inside the Documents folder.
| | 02:10 | We'll talk about how to save and
open files in the next chapter.
| | 02:13 | For now, I just need to know where you
should be storing your stuff on your Mac.
| | 02:17 | Lastly, I want to offer the suggestion
of adding your Home folder to your Dock.
| | 02:21 | The Dock is the item at the bottom of
your screen containing the icons for
| | 02:24 | various applications, which you can
click to open them or make them the
| | 02:27 | active application.
| | 02:29 | Notice this dividing line in the Dock.
| | 02:31 | Items to the left of the line are applications;
| | 02:34 | items to the right are folder.
And you can customize the Dock with your own
| | 02:37 | application, icons, and folders.
| | 02:39 | Since you'll probably want to access
your Home folder quite frequently, it
| | 02:42 | makes sense to add it to your Dock
so you can always get to it from here,
| | 02:45 | instead of having to click the Finder
icon and then choose Go > Home from the
| | 02:49 | menu like we did earlier.
| | 02:50 | Now, to add it to the Dock,
you first have to find it.
| | 02:53 | I already have my Home folder open, but
let's take a look where it's actually located.
| | 02:57 | I am going to close this window
by clicking the red Close button.
| | 03:00 | Now, depending on the theme or look
you've chosen, your buttons may be shades of
| | 03:03 | gray, but the far left
button is always the Close button.
| | 03:06 | Now, to get to the Home folder for this
example, I am going to choose Go > Computer.
| | 03:12 | The Computer window shows you all
the hard drives attached to you Mac.
| | 03:16 | Unless you change the name, your main
hard drive - meaning the one containing
| | 03:19 | your operating system -
should be called Macintosh HD.
| | 03:22 | I am going to open it by double-clicking it.
| | 03:25 | For the most part, everything you see here
was created by and for your operating system.
| | 03:29 | The only folder you'll probably
interact with here, unless you are a more
| | 03:32 | advanced user, is the Applications
folder, which contains the programs
| | 03:35 | installed on your Mac.
| | 03:37 | I can show you its contents by
double-clicking it to open it.
| | 03:40 | So, there are the applications I
currently have installed on my Mac.
| | 03:43 | I am going to click the Left Back
button again to go back to the main
| | 03:46 | Macintosh HD window.
| | 03:49 | So, again, that's the Application folder.
| | 03:50 | Don't mess around with Library or
System, unless you know what you are doing.
| | 03:54 | Now, the other folder in here is Users.
| | 03:56 | This is where you'll find the Home folder
of every user with an account on your Mac.
| | 04:00 | Mac OS X is a multi-user system,
meaning each member of your household,
| | 04:05 | office, or organization can have his
or her own account on a single Mac.
| | 04:09 | Each user's Home folders and account
is protected by their own password, so
| | 04:13 | your files can't intermingle with another user's.
| | 04:14 | Notice I can double-click my own Home
folder, and you can always tell which one
| | 04:19 | is yours because it has a House icon.
| | 04:21 | But if I click the Back button and try
to open mordy's home folder, notice each
| | 04:25 | folder in here has a little
no-entry kind of symbol on it.
| | 04:28 | So if I try to open one, I get this
message telling me that I can't open it
| | 04:32 | because I don't have
permission to see its contents.
| | 04:35 | So, only you or someone with your
password can get into the stuff in your Home
| | 04:38 | folder, which is another reason to keep
your things in your Home folder rather
| | 04:41 | than somewhere else on your hard drive.
| | 04:42 | All right, so let's go back so
I can see my Home folder again.
| | 04:45 | To add my Home folder to my Dock, I
just drag its icon to the right side of
| | 04:49 | the separator line -
| | 04:50 | you can see the folders get out of the
way to make space - and then I release.
| | 04:55 | So, I'll close this window, and now
anytime I need to get to my Home folder, I
| | 04:59 | just click its icon in the Dock, and
this menu opens up showing me its contents.
| | 05:04 | I can either browse through this menu
and selects the folder I want to open, or
| | 05:07 | I can choose Open in Finder, which
opens to my Home folder in a window like
| | 05:11 | this, which we've seen before.
| | 05:13 | Okay, so that's the Home folder in Mac
OS X. Again, I highly recommend you store
| | 05:17 | and organize all of your personal
files and other media in your Home folder.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Using your desktop| 00:00 | Let's talk now about the word 'desktop'.
| | 00:02 | This word already came up once at the
beginning of this course, but in reference to
| | 00:05 | the type of computer you may be
using, as in laptop or desktop.
| | 00:09 | But that's not the only use of
the word desktop when it comes to
| | 00:11 | computer terminology.
| | 00:13 | Another meaning of desktop refers to
what we are seeing onscreen right now, this
| | 00:16 | vast empty blue area.
| | 00:18 | Now, the desktop in reality is
just another folder on your computer.
| | 00:21 | It just happens to be the folder you
see most often, and is always open unless
| | 00:25 | it's completely covered by another window.
| | 00:27 | But if you can see even just a tiny
portion of your desktop on you screen, you
| | 00:30 | can drag files out of other folder
on to the desktop to move them there.
| | 00:34 | The desktop can really be a very
convenient place to store commonly used files,
| | 00:37 | or even recently downloaded files.
| | 00:39 | For example, I am going to open up a
program called TextEdit, which comes on
| | 00:43 | every Mac, and it's found
in the Applications folder.
| | 00:45 | I am going to choose Go > Applications
from the Finder here, and I'll scroll
| | 00:50 | through and find TextEdit.
| | 00:51 | I'll double-click it to open it.
| | 00:53 | Now, we will be getting into opening and
using applications in a later chapter, but
| | 00:57 | for now I just need to run an
application to demonstrate how to use the desktop.
| | 01:00 | I am just going to close this Finder window.
| | 01:03 | So, in this blank document, I am going
to type "To do," and we'll type "Groceries,"
| | 01:15 | "Laundry," and "Car Wash."
| | 01:18 | So, I'll start putting together a to-do
list, and I'll probably continue adding
| | 01:22 | to it throughout the next few days.
| | 01:23 | So I want to make sure
it's in a convenient place.
| | 01:25 | I am going to choose File > Save,
and this dialog box opens up
| | 01:32 | prompting to name my file and
choose the location where to save it.
| | 01:35 | Now, if your dialog box looks like this,
you might want to expand it by clicking
| | 01:38 | the little triangle button here.
| | 01:40 | So, the first thing, I am going to name
this file To Do up here in the Save As field.
| | 01:45 | So, you can see one of the places I can
save is my desktop, which I'll select,
| | 01:49 | and now I'll click Save.
| | 01:52 | Notice that a file called To Do
immediately appears on my desktop.
| | 01:55 | This is the file I just saved.
| | 01:57 | So, if I close this list in TextEdit, I
can open it again by double-clicking its
| | 02:01 | icon, and there it is.
| | 02:04 | So, that's a quick example of
using the desktop to keep a file.
| | 02:06 | Now, as I previously said, the desktop is
really just another folder in your Home folder.
| | 02:11 | In fact, if I open my Home folder,
which I stored in my Dock in the previous
| | 02:15 | movie, I'll see that one of the folders
in here is called desktop and if I open
| | 02:19 | it up, sure enough, there is To Do list.
| | 02:23 | So, again, if I had this closed, went
to my Home folder, into Desktop, and chose
| | 02:29 | To Do, the file opens up.
And I'll just close that again.
| | 02:35 | Now, the desktop is a very convenient
place to store files you frequently use,
| | 02:39 | but many people use it as sort of a
dumping ground for all kinds of files they
| | 02:42 | have accumulated, and they
rarely go through and clean it up.
| | 02:45 | But having a cluttered computer desktop is
lot like when your real desk is cluttered.
| | 02:49 | It can be very difficult to find
things and work efficiently.
| | 02:52 | When it comes to your computer's
desktop, having tons of files on it really can
| | 02:56 | slow down your computer's performance.
| | 02:58 | So, it's a good idea to occasionally
look through all the files on your desktop
| | 03:00 | and figure out if you still need to keep
them there, or if you can move them into
| | 03:04 | one of your other folders in your Home
folder, or even if you can just throw them
| | 03:07 | in your Finder's trash can, which
we'll look at in a later chapter.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Taking out the trash (recycle bin)| 00:00 | During the course of your day-to-day
managing of the files and folders on your
| | 00:03 | Mac, you will most likely come
across items that you no longer need.
| | 00:07 | If you really don't need a copy of a
file anymore, you should move it to your
| | 00:09 | Mac's Trash, represented by the little waste-
basket icon on the far right side of the Dock.
| | 00:14 | On my desktop, I have a To Do list file
that I've created in our previous movie,
| | 00:18 | which I don't need anymore.
| | 00:19 | All I have to do to get rid
of it is drag it to the Trash.
| | 00:21 | I hear a little sound effect and
notice the Trash's icon has changed to look
| | 00:26 | like paper has been thrown in the
wastebasket, which is a nice visual
| | 00:29 | indication that there are items in your trash.
| | 00:31 | Now, just like with the real trash can
that sits by your feet at your real desk,
| | 00:35 | you can still retrieve files that you
have thrown in the trash as long as you
| | 00:38 | haven't emptied the trash, which
we'll look at how to do in just a moment.
| | 00:40 | To see the contents of your
trash, just click its icon.
| | 00:43 | So you can see my To Do list is
still sitting here, safe and sound.
| | 00:49 | If I change my mind and want to remove
it from the Trash, all I have to do is
| | 00:52 | drag it back to my desktop.
| | 00:54 | But let's put that back
in the Trash for a moment.
| | 00:56 | I can just drag it to
this folder, since it's open.
| | 00:58 | A nice feature of Mac OS X is that you
can select a file in your Trash, click
| | 01:02 | this little Gear Button icon, and one
of the options here is Put Back, which
| | 01:08 | when chosen, puts the selected file back to
where it was before you moved it to the Trash.
| | 01:12 | This can be especially useful if you
change your mind about trashing a file that
| | 01:16 | was previously stored in several nested folders.
| | 01:18 | Instead of having to navigate through
all those folders, you can just choose Put
| | 01:21 | Back to return it to its original location,
| | 01:24 | in this case, to return the file to the desktop.
| | 01:26 | What if you really do want to
completely get rid of a file?
| | 01:29 | Well, first drag it to the Trash.
| | 01:30 | I am just going to close that window,
because I don't need to see the file anymore.
| | 01:34 | Then choose Finder > Empty Trash.
| | 01:37 | A message appears asking you to confirm
that you do want to empty the Trash and
| | 01:40 | warns you that you can't
undo this if you proceed.
| | 01:43 | This is your last chance to change your mind.
| | 01:45 | If you're sure you want to empty
the Trash, then click Empty Trash;
| | 01:48 | if not, click Cancel.
| | 01:49 | But in this case, I'll choose Empty Trash.
| | 01:51 | Notice you hear that little paper
crumpling sound, and then my Trash icon goes
| | 01:55 | back to the appearance of an empty
wastebasket, and there's no longer anything
| | 01:59 | in the Trash window.
| | 02:00 | So that To Do list really has
been deleted from my computer.
| | 02:03 | Now, there are other ways to
potentially rescue recently deleted files,
| | 02:07 | involving special software and other
techniques, but we're not going to get into that here.
| | 02:11 | And there are also other ways to send
files to the Trash and empty it, but now
| | 02:14 | you have the basic knowledge needed to
understand how the Trash system works on
| | 02:17 | your Mac, and how to trash and delete
files when you no longer need them.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| The right click| 00:00 | An essential part in learning to
become proficient when it comes to using a
| | 00:03 | computer is to learn the right-click.
| | 00:05 | The term right-click refers to the
button found on the right side of a mouse
| | 00:08 | with two or more buttons.
| | 00:10 | Generally, if you're right-handed,
you'll click the left button on the mouse the
| | 00:13 | majority of the time with
your right index finger.
| | 00:15 | This is the mouse's main or primary
button that allows you to select items,
| | 00:19 | double-click things, or even fire
lasers at enemies in video games.
| | 00:23 | But both of Mac operating system and
most of the applications you'll use have
| | 00:26 | special shortcuts and menus that will
appear when you right-click items with
| | 00:29 | the right mouse button.
| | 00:30 | For example, in a previous movie, we
saw that you can empty the Trash by
| | 00:34 | choosing the Finder > Empty Trash.
| | 00:37 | But another way to do it is to simply
right-click on the Trash icon, which
| | 00:40 | opens up a menu, and from here, I can
choose to either open the folder or I can
| | 00:43 | choose Empty Trash.
| | 00:46 | Or right-clicking on my desktop reveals
shortcuts for creating a new folder, for
| | 00:51 | changing my background,
and several other options.
| | 00:55 | The point is that you should learn to
try right-clicking things just to see what
| | 00:58 | goodies software designers may have hidden.
| | 01:00 | Oftentimes, you'll find shortcuts and
commands to do actions that may otherwise
| | 01:04 | involve navigating through
several menus, or dialog boxes.
| | 01:06 | Now, depending on your Mac, your mouse
may or may not support right-clicking, and
| | 01:10 | even if it does, that action
may be turned off by default.
| | 01:13 | You can check by going to the Apple
menu and choosing System Preferences and
| | 01:18 | then clicking Mouse.
| | 01:20 | If you have an Apple mouse that
supports right-clicking, you will see menus
| | 01:22 | surrounding a picture of the mouse.
| | 01:23 | You want to set the right
menu to Secondary Button.
| | 01:29 | Incidentally, this is where you'd
come to reverse the mouse button actions
| | 01:31 | if you're left-handed,
| | 01:33 | in which case you'd make the right
mouse button your primary button and left
| | 01:36 | mouse button your secondary button.
| | 01:37 | But I'm right-handed,
| | 01:38 | so I'm going to switch to those back.
| | 01:39 | I will go ahead and close this.
| | 01:42 | Now, if you only have a single button
mouse, or if you're using a Notebook Mac
| | 01:46 | without an external mouse, you can also
activate right-click actions by holding
| | 01:49 | down the Ctrl key on your
keyboard while clicking.
| | 01:52 | Doing so is the equivalent of right-
clicking, and you'll see the same menus and
| | 01:55 | options appear as if you right-clicked.
| | 01:58 | So that's all I really wanted to
mention in this movie, but it's really a very
| | 02:01 | important concept to learn.
| | 02:03 | Just take some time when working in
various applications to right-click on a few
| | 02:06 | things and see what options might be available.
| | 02:08 | More often than not, you'll find and
learn some great time-saving shortcuts.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
3. Introduction to Software and ApplicationsUnderstanding applications| 00:00 | Applications are the programs your
computer runs, and in which you'll spend most
| | 00:03 | of your time when you're on your computer.
| | 00:06 | Generally, an application is any piece
of software used to accomplish a task,
| | 00:09 | whether that task is writing a paper,
composing music, printing a digital photo,
| | 00:13 | playing a video game, browsing
the web, or checking your e-mail.
| | 00:17 | There are countless
applications for countless purposes.
| | 00:20 | Some applications come pre-installed
on your Mac, like the web browser Safari,
| | 00:23 | the music management software
iTunes, or the calendar app iCal.
| | 00:27 | You acquire other applications either by
purchasing them on an installation disc
| | 00:31 | at a traditional store, or more and
more these days, you can buy and download
| | 00:35 | applications over the web from
software companies' web sites.
| | 00:36 | Once you have purchased your
applications from a store, or downloaded them from
| | 00:41 | the Internet, you'll follow
instructions to install the software on your Mac.
| | 00:44 | Unless you choose to install your
applications in a different location for some
| | 00:47 | reason, the applications you install
should all end up in your Applications
| | 00:50 | folder by default, which you can get
to by choosing the Go menu in the Finder
| | 00:55 | and choosing Applications.
| | 00:56 | You can also press the Shift+Command+
8 to get to Applications, but I'll just
| | 00:59 | select it from the menu in this case.
| | 01:00 | So you can see I've quite a few
applications installed on Mac.
| | 01:06 | To run an application,
just double-click its icon.
| | 01:10 | So in this case, iTunes is now running.
| | 01:11 | I can tell it's running because I
can see its name in the upper left-hand
| | 01:15 | corner of the Menu bar, and I see this
little dot under its icon in the Dock.
| | 01:19 | On Macs, all running applications
appear in the Dock, making it easy for you to
| | 01:23 | switch among multiple applications.
| | 01:24 | So for instance, I could have iTunes
running, but if I come over here and click
| | 01:27 | on TextEdit, that will open up, and I
can switch back and forth between the two.
| | 01:32 | So while you can have multiple
applications running simultaneously, in order
| | 01:35 | to actively use any particular
application, it has to be the frontmost, or
| | 01:38 | active application.
| | 01:40 | When you click an Applications icon, you
bring it to the front of all the applications.
| | 01:44 | When you see its name in the Menu bar,
you know it's the active application.
| | 01:47 | Now for the most part, Mac OS X is
very good at managing multiple, running
| | 01:51 | applications at once.
| | 01:53 | But if you're done working in a particular
application, you might just want to quit it
| | 01:56 | so it's no longer running and taking
up any attention from your computer.
| | 02:00 | In just about all applications, you
can click the application's name and
| | 02:03 | then choose to quit it.
| | 02:04 | In this case, quit iTunes.
| | 02:06 | You can also press Command+Q. Or in
the case of TextEdit here, I'd choose
| | 02:10 | TextEdit > Quit TextEdit.
| | 02:13 | Now, if you find to use some
applications more than others - and that's going to
| | 02:16 | be the case for anyone -
| | 02:17 | it's convenient to add those
application icons to your Dock for quick access,
| | 02:20 | so you don't have to open your
Applications folder every time you want to
| | 02:23 | run the application.
| | 02:24 | Just drag the Application icon anywhere
to the left side of the dividing line in Dock.
| | 02:28 | I pointed out in a previous chapter
that applications go to the left of that
| | 02:33 | divider line and folders go the right.
| | 02:35 | Notice the other icons in the Dock
making room for the one I'm dragging in.
| | 02:38 | When I release, it's been added to the Dock.
| | 02:41 | Now whenever I want to run this
application, I just click its icon.
| | 02:44 | So even if I have my Applications folder closed,
I can run iTunes now by clicking its icon.
| | 02:48 | It immediately launches, and I can
start using the application as soon as it
| | 02:52 | completely starts up.
| | 02:53 | I'm going to go ahead and quit that again.
| | 02:55 | Now I also suggest adding your
entire Application folder to the Dock.
| | 03:00 | To do so, first open the Applications
folder, then click the little folder icon
| | 03:06 | at the top of the window,
next to the name Applications.
| | 03:08 | The trick is to hold down your mouse
button without moving the mouse for just
| | 03:11 | the split second you'll need until
you see the folder icon turned dark.
| | 03:14 | Then you can drag that Folder
icon to the right side of your Dock.
| | 03:19 | So again, I'll close the
Applications window, and now when I click on the
| | 03:23 | Applications folder in my Dock, I
have an immediate access to all of my
| | 03:26 | applications without having to hunt
down and open my Applications folder.
| | 03:31 | Now one thing I like to do - you'll
notice at this Application folder icon looks
| | 03:35 | a little bit different than
the other folder icons here.
| | 03:37 | I'm going to right-click on Applications.
| | 03:39 | Again, if you don't have a two-button
mouse, or don't have right-click enable,
| | 03:42 | you can hold down the Ctrl key on
your keyboard and click the folder.
| | 03:45 | You can see that it opens up a menu.
| | 03:47 | I'm going to choose to
display this as a Folder.
| | 03:49 | That way it looks like the rest of
the folders down here in my Dock.
| | 03:51 | I can still click on it and see the
exact same list of my Applications.
| | 03:56 | Now, because I have a lot of applications,
I do have to scroll through this list.
| | 03:59 | So another option I would like to
enable, by right-clicking the Applications
| | 04:02 | folder again, is to choose the view
the content of this folder as a List.
| | 04:05 | So now when I click on the folder, I
see a scrolling list, and for me, it's much
| | 04:09 | easier to see all of my
applications in alphabetical order, like this.
| | 04:13 | But that's just a personal
preference, and you can choose to view the
| | 04:15 | Applications folder any way you like.
| | 04:17 | So, there is your primer on what
applications are, where to find them, and a
| | 04:20 | couple of tips for being more
efficient when it comes to locating and
| | 04:23 | running them.
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| Opening and saving files| 00:00 | Just about anytime you work with an
application in which you are creating,
| | 00:03 | editing, or otherwise modifying some
kind of content, you'll be producing and
| | 00:07 | saving your work as files.
| | 00:09 | For example, when you type up a report
in a word processor, the report is saved
| | 00:12 | as an individual file, which you can
then reopen in the application to continue
| | 00:16 | working on it. Or if you're editing a
video you shot of a great school recital,
| | 00:19 | you're saving that video project as a file too.
| | 00:21 | So it's important to understand the basic
concepts involved in opening and saving files.
| | 00:26 | For this example, I'm going to
open an application in my Applications
| | 00:29 | folder called TextEdit.
| | 00:31 | It's actually also sitting here in my doc;
| | 00:34 | I could have clicked that as well.
| | 00:35 | When I open this application, a new
blank document has opened for me to type in.
| | 00:39 | Now, in some programs, to create a new
document or other project file, you need
| | 00:42 | to choose File > New, which you can see
generates another blank document, but I
| | 00:47 | already had one open, so I'm
just going to close this one.
| | 00:48 | So I'll just type a few words here.
| | 00:53 | Now, anytime you're actively working
on a document or project, it's a good
| | 00:56 | practice to save your file
periodically so you don't lose your work, should
| | 00:59 | the electricity go out.
| | 01:01 | To save what I've written so
far, I'll choose File > Save.
| | 01:06 | Because this is a brand-new document,
I'm prompted to name this file, and to
| | 01:09 | choose a place on my Mac to save it.
| | 01:10 | So I'm going to call this Short Story.
| | 01:15 | If you don't see the fully-expanded
Save dialog box here, make sure you click
| | 01:18 | the little triangle button, and I'm
going to choose to save this on my desktop.
| | 01:21 | It's already selected right now, but you can
get to it by clicking Desktop under Places.
| | 01:25 | Now, I'm also going to uncheck Hide Extension.
| | 01:28 | Notice my file name now
has .rtf at the end of it.
| | 01:32 | That .rtf is called a file extension.
| | 01:35 | The purpose of including a file
extension in the name of your file is to
| | 01:37 | identify what kind of file this is,
| | 01:39 | so if it needs to be opened by somebody
else, their computer has a better chance
| | 01:42 | of knowing which application to use to open it.
| | 01:44 | So in this case, RTF stands for Rich Text File.
| | 01:47 | It's basically a text document that can
include formatting like bold, or italicized text.
| | 01:52 | You may also see .txt files, which are
plain text documents that don't include
| | 01:56 | any formatting, and you'll also see
all types of other extensions.
| | 01:59 | Microsoft Word files are .doc files, Adobe
Photoshop files are .psd, and so on, and so on.
| | 02:06 | Now, Macs do give you the option to
check Hide extension, which was on by
| | 02:09 | default there, because some people
don't like seeing that part of the file
| | 02:12 | name, and for the most part, Macs
will be able to open files with hidden
| | 02:15 | extensions with the right application,
but if you have to share your file with
| | 02:18 | someone, especially if they're running
Windows, their computer might not know
| | 02:21 | what application to use.
| | 02:23 | So I always leave this option
unchecked, and I suggest you do too.
| | 02:26 | So I'll click Save, and now my document
is saved, and you can see it's sitting
| | 02:31 | right here on my desktop.
| | 02:33 | Now, I'm going to close the
document in TextEdit for the moment.
| | 02:36 | TextEdit is still running, but
no documents are open right now.
| | 02:39 | If I want to reopen the file,
I have a couple of choices.
| | 02:42 | I can choose File > Open, as long as
TextEdit is the frontmost application, and
| | 02:47 | this lets me browse in my computer
to find the file wherever I saved it.
| | 02:49 | This is a good choice if you're opening an
older file, but let's cancel this for a moment.
| | 02:54 | A faster way to open a file you were
recently working on is to choose File >
| | 02:57 | Open Recent, and here you can
see my file is listed right here.
| | 03:01 | All I have to do is select it, and it opens
up, ready for me to continue working on it.
| | 03:05 | The Open Recent command is fairly
common across all types of applications, but
| | 03:09 | what if I've already quit TextEdit?
| | 03:10 | I'm going to choose TextEdit > Quit TextEdit.
| | 03:13 | So TextEdit is no longer currently running.
| | 03:16 | Well, I could reopen TextEdit and then
choose Open Recent again, but in this
| | 03:19 | case, the file I want to open is
sitting right here on my desktop.
| | 03:22 | If the file you want to open is on your
desktop, or in some other opened folder
| | 03:25 | window, just double-click it.
| | 03:28 | That simultaneously launches, in this case
TextEdit, and then opens the file I double-clicked.
| | 03:33 | So double-clicking the file should
open the right application in most cases,
| | 03:36 | especially if you followed my advice
to keep the file extension visible.
| | 03:40 | It is possible that the wrong
application might launch in some cases, but one
| | 03:43 | solution is to just quit the
application you don't want and then open the
| | 03:46 | correct application, then use the File >
Open command to open the file instead. Okay.
| | 03:51 | So those are the basic things you should
understand about opening and saving files.
| | 03:54 | What I've shown you here applies to
almost every application out there.
| | 03:57 | You will find some applications that
save your files or data automatically, and
| | 04:01 | don't even offer a Save
command so you can do it yourself.
| | 04:04 | But those types of applications are
much rarer, and you should still get into
| | 04:07 | the habit of saving your files
regularly while working on them.
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| Choosing the right tool| 00:00 | Another part of progressing beyond the
novice level of computer user is being
| | 00:04 | able to quickly determine which
applications to use to accomplish various tasks.
| | 00:08 | Now, there's a world of computer
software out there, and we can't possibly
| | 00:11 | address all the different types and
titles, but the most common types of
| | 00:14 | software are probably word processors,
image editors, graphic design or page
| | 00:18 | layout programs, spreadsheet
applications, and possibly video or audio editing
| | 00:22 | applications. And it seems like an
obvious point, but you should do your best to
| | 00:26 | create your documents and files in
the most appropriate applications.
| | 00:30 | For example, I'm currently looking
at Adobe Photoshop, which is an image
| | 00:33 | editing application,
| | 00:34 | but I could create a new blank
document like I've done here. Select the Text
| | 00:38 | tool, click in my document,
and start typing some text.
| | 00:44 | But Photoshop isn't really
designed for working with lots of text.
| | 00:47 | It's great at incorporating text into
images, but not for just working with
| | 00:50 | large amount of text.
| | 00:51 | Photoshop is an image editing program
and should be used for editing images.
| | 00:55 | For writing papers or letters, you
should use a word processor, like Microsoft
| | 00:59 | Word or Apple Pages, for example,
| | 01:02 | both of which are designed
to work with primarily text.
| | 01:05 | You'll just find more tools and
controls for working with text, especially
| | 01:08 | multiple pages of text, in
programs like Word and Pages.
| | 01:12 | But along those lines, if you're
going to be creating a long document that
| | 01:14 | incorporates both text and images, word
processors will work, but you might want
| | 01:18 | to consider even more specialized
software like say, Adobe InDesign.
| | 01:23 | This is a page layout program, which
offers much more powerful tools for laying
| | 01:26 | out documents like brochures,
advertisements, booklets, and the like.
| | 01:30 | And when you find yourself working in
a page layout program, you most likely
| | 01:33 | won't be working with it exclusively.
| | 01:35 | Since your brochure or booklet will
probably incorporate images, you'll have to
| | 01:39 | work with an image editing program like
Photoshop, in which you can process and
| | 01:43 | prep your images before
placing them into your layout.
| | 01:46 | Now, programs like Word and Pages do
have limited image editing capabilities,
| | 01:50 | but the keyword there is limited,
and you're not going to be able to do
| | 01:54 | nearly as much with your images in
word processing programs as you will be
| | 01:57 | able to do in a dedicated image
editing program like Photoshop. And if you
| | 02:01 | need to design your own graphics,
| | 02:02 | you might then find yourself working
in a program like Adobe Illustrator, and
| | 02:07 | soon you're working with an entire
suite of applications, and it's important to
| | 02:10 | understand which program is used for which task.
| | 02:12 | Now, part of this process is just taking
the time to read up on the software you
| | 02:16 | have installed, or that
you're considering purchasing.
| | 02:18 | All software manufacturers have web sites
where they offer information on their products.
| | 02:21 | So, for example, if I open up my web
browser, I can go to adobe.com, and I can
| | 02:28 | read about Illustrator. And right
here on this page, I can click What Is
| | 02:33 | Illustrator. I can get an overview, and
here I can read about all the sorts of
| | 02:40 | things that Illustrator does.
And after reading for a while, I can see that
| | 02:46 | Illustrator is a drawing program.
Or I can go to apple.com/iwork, and here I
| | 02:54 | can read up on the suite of
applications and learn that Pages is for word
| | 02:57 | processing, Numbers is for creating
spreadsheets and Keynote is for creating presentations.
| | 03:02 | Also, notice that Apple offers a free
trial of iWork, so you could download a
| | 03:05 | working copy of the entire
suite to try it out for a month.
| | 03:07 | Many software companies offer free or
limited trial versions of their software,
| | 03:11 | so you can run them through their
paces and determine if they'll suit your
| | 03:14 | needs. And as you familiarize
yourself with what software is available out
| | 03:17 | there, you'll be better equipped to
determine which application to use for which task.
| | 03:22 | Now, if you're working entirely on your
own, there's not really a hard and fast
| | 03:25 | rule saying you can't use, say,
Photoshop to type a lot of text.
| | 03:30 | If the only thing that matters to
you is your final product, and you're
| | 03:33 | comfortable with using Photoshop to
work with text, there's technically
| | 03:36 | nothing wrong with that.
| | 03:38 | But if you're going to be
collaborating with others, it becomes especially
| | 03:40 | important to use the software
appropriate to the task, in which case sending
| | 03:44 | a Photoshop document full of text
for someone to copyedit isn't a great
| | 03:48 | idea, because Photoshop doesn't offer
copyediting tools like, say, Microsoft Word does.
| | 03:53 | When collaborating with others, you
also need to make sure that they'll be able
| | 03:56 | to open and work with the files you send them.
| | 03:59 | If you're going to send a Word document,
they'll need to have Word installed in
| | 04:02 | their computers, or some
more compatible software.
| | 04:04 | In a later chapter, I talk about some
things you can do, like converting your
| | 04:07 | documents to PDFs, to ensure that anyone
can read and open your files, but when
| | 04:12 | it comes to collaborating on files, the
best solution is for everyone involved to
| | 04:15 | have and use the same software.
| | 04:17 | So be sure to take your time to
familiarize yourself with the software that's
| | 04:20 | already installed in your computer.
| | 04:22 | If you're not sure what it does, you
can look it up online or check in the
| | 04:24 | software's built-in Help menu.
| | 04:27 | If you don't have the appropriate
software for what you need to accomplish,
| | 04:30 | ask around your office or school for
suggestions on which software you should acquire.
| | 04:34 | If you work with others, you'll
probably find that some or all of them have the
| | 04:36 | necessary software installed on their
computers, and it should be relatively
| | 04:39 | easy to get recommendations of what
software you need to accomplish your tasks.
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| How to learn any application| 00:00 | I think one of the most important
skills to develop when it comes to learning
| | 00:03 | how to use any computer application is
the skill of just exploring and not being
| | 00:07 | nervous about clicking things.
| | 00:09 | Many people who consider themselves
non-computer people are often afraid of
| | 00:12 | messing around in programs, and worry
that they're going to break something.
| | 00:15 | Well, I'm here to tell you that when
you're working in any application, there's
| | 00:18 | pretty much no chance that you can
irreversibly mess up the application.
| | 00:22 | Now, there is a better chance that you
can mess up the document or file that
| | 00:25 | you're using in the application,
but let me show you a quick trick.
| | 00:28 | Just about every application has a command
called Save As, found under the File menu.
| | 00:32 | This lets you save another copy of your
document on your computer, leaving the
| | 00:35 | original document or file untouched.
| | 00:37 | So for instance, I'm working in
this document called Current Policy.
| | 00:41 | I'll just change its
name to Current Policy_copy.
| | 00:43 | I'll save it to my desktop and click Save.
| | 00:48 | You can see that copy has been placed
here on my desktop, and this gives you the
| | 00:51 | freedom to experiment as much as you
want with your copy of the file, knowing
| | 00:54 | that you have your original version
sitting safe and sound on your hard drive.
| | 00:57 | So really, the trick to learning any
application is to embrace the idea of
| | 01:01 | playing around with it.
| | 01:02 | Start by clicking the menus in the Menu bar.
| | 01:05 | Almost all applications have menus in
common, like File, Edit, and View, which
| | 01:09 | we'll talk about in an upcoming movie.
| | 01:10 | The other menus are the ones that
are usually unique to the particular
| | 01:13 | application you're working in.
| | 01:15 | So really take some time to
explore what's available in those menus.
| | 01:18 | Usually you'll be able to infer what
the application is capable of based on the
| | 01:22 | commands found in its Menu bar.
| | 01:24 | Generally, any menu item that ends
with ellipses like this, for example,
| | 01:27 | indicates that selecting that menu
item will open a window in which you'll be
| | 01:30 | able to make additional selections,
and this gives you another area of the
| | 01:36 | application to explore.
| | 01:41 | Also, note that you'll always find a
Cancel button in windows like this.
| | 01:44 | Cancel lets you close the window
without making any changes to your document,
| | 01:47 | regardless of whether you clicked
some buttons or menus in that window.
| | 01:51 | Many applications also have toolbars
or palettes in which you'll find several
| | 01:54 | buttons and menus as well.
| | 01:56 | Again, take some time to look over them and
read their labels to figure out what they do.
| | 01:58 | You'll also find that most
applications reveal additional information about
| | 02:02 | their buttons when you place
your mouse over them, like this.
| | 02:07 | These are often called tooltips, and
again, this is a quick and convenient way to
| | 02:11 | learn what a program is capable of.
| | 02:14 | So just take your time, look through the
buttons that are available, toggle open
| | 02:17 | some menus, see what's available in
each one of these, and as always, don't be
| | 02:22 | afraid to click anything.
| | 02:25 | Another feature I'll talk more about in
an upcoming movie is the Undo feature,
| | 02:29 | which many applications have in common.
| | 02:31 | Undo is always found under the Edit
menu, and it lets you take back the last
| | 02:35 | change you made to your file or document.
| | 02:36 | So this is yet another way to allow
yourself the freedom to experiment and explore.
| | 02:41 | Just try something out to see what it
does, for instance, I'll select this text
| | 02:44 | and maybe I'll click this button here.
| | 02:45 | You can see that turned all my text red.
| | 02:47 | Then choose Edit > Undo to take it back.
| | 02:51 | So as you explore the application menus
and buttons, you'll really start to get an
| | 02:55 | idea of the language of applications,
how they work, how they're organized and
| | 02:59 | what they can or cannot do.
| | 03:00 | The goal is not to completely memorize
every menu and button, but more to just
| | 03:04 | learn what's possible and to learn the
names of the menu commands and buttons,
| | 03:07 | so when it does come time to
actually do some work, you'll properly remember
| | 03:10 | seeing a command or button that fits what
you're trying to do and be able to find it again.
| | 03:14 | Lastly, most applications have a Help
menu, in which you'll be able to find
| | 03:18 | instructions for commonly used
features or frequently performed tasks.
| | 03:22 | This is also where you'll find
the instruction manual for a lot of
| | 03:24 | software applications.
| | 03:27 | So here in Word Help, I can click on
some of these popular topics, like change
| | 03:31 | page margins, to find
instructions on how to do just that.
| | 03:35 | So those are just some general tips
you can follow to help you get better
| | 03:38 | acquainted with any particular
application you need to learn.
| | 03:40 | Of course, I've only been speaking in
very general terms here, and it will take
| | 03:43 | time to really learn any application
in depth, but these steps will help you
| | 03:47 | get your bearings and make any
application a little less foreign and much more
| | 03:50 | familiar when it comes
time to do some actual work.
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| Five things that work in all applications| 00:00 | Every software application has a learning curve.
| | 00:02 | Some applications are easier to
use and understand than others.
| | 00:06 | But what you are going to find, as you
become more experience with computers
| | 00:08 | and software, is that nearly all
applications have features or controls in
| | 00:12 | common with each other.
| | 00:14 | If you are novice with computers at
the moment, you've probably wondered how
| | 00:16 | more experienced users can just sit
down and start being productive with
| | 00:19 | applications they have never used before.
| | 00:21 | And yes, talent and an aptitude for
computers can be significant contributors,
| | 00:25 | but what seasoned computer users know
is that most applications have basic
| | 00:29 | things in common, and they know where
to look for the commands that will allow
| | 00:32 | them to perform the tasks
they want to accomplish.
| | 00:34 | So in this video, I want to go over
five features that appear in, and work the
| | 00:37 | same, in nearly all applications.
| | 00:40 | The first common feature is the File menu.
| | 00:42 | Here are some screenshots of the File
menu from several different applications.
| | 00:45 | Just about every application has a
File menu, and it usually contains commands
| | 00:49 | like New, Open, Save, Close, and Print.
| | 00:52 | New is for creating a new document, image,
or project depending on what app you are in.
| | 00:57 | Open open files or projects that you
have previously created or worked on.
| | 01:01 | Save saves the file you
are currently working on.
| | 01:04 | Close closes the file, but usually
leaves the application running. And if
| | 01:08 | the application is one you can
print from, like a word processor, or
| | 01:10 | spreadsheet program, or a photo editor,
you'll always find the Print command
| | 01:14 | under File as well.
| | 01:15 | Notice I am showing you menus from both the
Windows applications and Mac applications.
| | 01:19 | These common features I am going to be
showing you are not just common across
| | 01:22 | applications, but also across operating systems.
| | 01:25 | So if you are a Mac user finding
yourself working with Windows, or a Windows users
| | 01:28 | having to use a Mac, you
won't be completely lost.
| | 01:31 | But there are differences to be aware of.
| | 01:32 | For example, in Windows applications you
will usually also find the Exit command
| | 01:36 | under the File menu,
which quits the application.
| | 01:39 | On Mac's though, you quit applications
by clicking the application's name and
| | 01:42 | then choosing Quit.
| | 01:43 | That's one of the slight differences
between the two operating systems, but they
| | 01:46 | are always consistent with themselves.
| | 01:48 | You will always find Exit under File
in Windows, and you'll always find Quit
| | 01:52 | under the application's name on Mac.
| | 01:53 | That's a bit of a tangent, but the
point is that the File menu is found in
| | 01:56 | nearly application, and within it you
will almost always find the commands to
| | 02:00 | create, save, open, or print your files.
| | 02:03 | The next common feature is a group of
three commands named Cut, Copy, and
| | 02:07 | Paste, all found under the Edit menu.
| | 02:09 | I refer to these as a single feature,
because they really go hand in hand.
| | 02:12 | They're probably used most
commonly in applications involving typing.
| | 02:15 | If you've typed some text that you
would like to copy or move to another
| | 02:18 | locations in your document,
these are the commands you would use.
| | 02:21 | Now I'll be covering these commands
more thoroughly in the chapter on word
| | 02:23 | processing, but here is a quick overview.
| | 02:26 | So Cut is used when you want to move text.
| | 02:29 | For example, here in Microsoft Word,
if I want to move the second sentence
| | 02:32 | of this paragraph and make it the
opening sentence, I would first select
| | 02:36 | that sentence and then choose Edit > Cut,
which temporarily removes it from my document.
| | 02:43 | I then place my cursor at the point of the
document where I want the cut text to appear,
| | 02:46 | so in this case at the beginning of the
paragraph, and then choose Edit > Paste,
| | 02:51 | and my cut text reappears in that location.
| | 02:55 | Now Copy, on the other hand, leaves the
selected text where it is, but makes a
| | 02:59 | copy of it to your computer's clipboard.
| | 03:01 | The clipboard is a special section of
memory your computer uses to temporarily
| | 03:04 | store cut and copied text.
| | 03:06 | So, for example, maybe I want to
create another document that begins with this
| | 03:09 | contact information at the top.
| | 03:10 | So I'll select it by clicking and
dragging until it's all highlighted, and I can
| | 03:16 | release my mouse, and then
I will choose Edit > Copy.
| | 03:20 | Now it doesn't look like anything
happened, because copying doesn't alter
| | 03:23 | your document in any way.
| | 03:25 | It just places a copy of your
highlighted text into your computer's memory.
| | 03:28 | Then you'll just place your cursor at
another location in your document, or into
| | 03:31 | another document
altogether, and choose Edit > Paste.
| | 03:34 | So for this example, I will
choose File > New Blank Document.
| | 03:37 | You can see my cursor flashing on the
page here, and I will choose Edit > Paste,
| | 03:44 | and there is a copy of this
text here in this new document.
| | 03:46 | So that's the Cut, Copy, and Paste
feature that you will find in many applications.
| | 03:50 | You will even find Cut, Copy, and Paste
in image editing applications where you
| | 03:53 | can cut and copy photos, or other
graphics, and paste them into other image files.
| | 03:58 | Feature number three is another group
of commands that also appear under the
| | 04:01 | Edit menu of most applications.
| | 04:03 | They are Undo and Redo.
| | 04:05 | Whenever you make a mistake, like
accidentally deleting some text or making a
| | 04:09 | change to a photo or a video clip
that you want to take back, you'll more than
| | 04:12 | likely use Edit > Undo.
| | 04:14 | In almost every application, you will
find an Undo command, which simply takes
| | 04:17 | back the last change you made to your document.
| | 04:19 | Many applications even
have multiple levels of Undo.
| | 04:22 | So you can take back the changes you
made to your document in reverse order.
| | 04:26 | The Undo command can also be a nice
safety net that lets you experiment with
| | 04:29 | your file without permanently altering it.
| | 04:31 | For example, maybe you're trying out
different effects on a photo you are editing.
| | 04:35 | You can apply effect after effect, and
as long as you keep choosing Edit > Undo
| | 04:39 | between attempts, they will never do
any permanent changes to your photo.
| | 04:42 | Now, Redo is a little less common than Undo.
| | 04:44 | Sometimes it's called repeat.
And while you'll find Undo in just about every
| | 04:48 | application, fewer apps have Redo,
which is a shame, because it can be a very
| | 04:52 | useful time-saving feature.
| | 04:53 | It has two main uses.
| | 04:55 | First, if you chose Undo but change
your mind, you can then choose Edit > Redo,
| | 04:59 | which changes your document
back to before you chose Undo.
| | 05:02 | In some applications, Redo can also be
used to take changes you've made to one
| | 05:05 | item and apply the same change to other items.
| | 05:08 | For example, if I selected some text
in the document and changed the font, I
| | 05:12 | could then select other text and choose Edit >
Redo to apply that same font to the other text.
| | 05:17 | So that's Undo and Redo, and again if
the application you are using has these
| | 05:20 | commands, and most do, you will
find them under the Edit menu.
| | 05:24 | Feature number four is Preference Settings.
| | 05:26 | Almost every application has an area
in which you can tweak or adjust the way
| | 05:29 | the application behaves.
| | 05:31 | If you are using a photo editing
application, you might want to change the
| | 05:33 | default image format of files you have saved.
| | 05:35 | If you are using a page layout program,
you might want to change how page guides
| | 05:39 | appear and behave in your documents.
| | 05:40 | Every application has Preference Settings.
| | 05:43 | On Macs, you will almost always find
Preferences located under the application's
| | 05:47 | name in the Menu bar.
| | 05:49 | In Windows applications, depending
on the application, you'll often find
| | 05:53 | Preferences under the Edit menu, but
it might be called Properties or Options
| | 05:56 | instead of Preferences.
| | 05:57 | In some applications in Windows you
will find Preferences under a menu called
| | 06:01 | Tools, or even under unlabeled
buttons that looks like a gear icon.
| | 06:05 | So sometimes you do have to do some
hunting around in Windows applications, but
| | 06:08 | those are generally where you
will find Application Preferences.
| | 06:11 | And the fifth feature you will find,
that almost all applications have in
| | 06:13 | common, is a Help menu.
| | 06:15 | The Help menu is a where you'll find things like
the built-in or online instruction menu
| | 06:19 | for the applications you are using.
| | 06:20 | You might also find links to tutorials
or other special guides that teach you
| | 06:23 | how to use the application.
| | 06:25 | The Help menu is also where you can
check for updates, which helps the application
| | 06:28 | check online to see if any newer
versions of the software have been released.
| | 06:32 | But generally, the Help menu is a good
place to go if you can't figure out a
| | 06:35 | feature of the application you are using,
or just want to learn more about the
| | 06:38 | application overall.
| | 06:40 | Again, you will find that
most applications have this menu.
| | 06:43 | So those are five of the most common
features you will find in nearly all applications.
| | 06:47 | Knowing about these features can really
help make an application you have never
| | 06:50 | used before a little less daunting,
because at least you'll already be familiar
| | 06:53 | with, and know how to use, a
couple of these commands.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
4. Introduction to Computer PeripheralsUnderstanding computer ports| 00:00 | Even though you can accomplish many
common tasks with your Mac with just what
| | 00:03 | comes in the box - meaning the
computer itself, the keyboard, and the mouse -
| | 00:07 | you'll most likely need to attach and
use peripheral devices such as printers,
| | 00:10 | scanners, digital cameras,
projectors - the lists goes on and on.
| | 00:14 | So in this chapter, we are going to
look at how to set up and install common
| | 00:17 | peripherals, but first in this movie, I
want to make sure you are familiar with
| | 00:21 | the available ports on Macs in to
which you will be plugging your devices.
| | 00:25 | The most common port in use
for peripherals right now is USB.
| | 00:28 | All Macs and PCs have USB ports, and
you can see they are a flat rectangular
| | 00:32 | port with what looks likes
a small plastic tab inside.
| | 00:34 | Of course, you plug USB cables into USB ports.
| | 00:38 | This is what a USB cable looks like,
and the part circled there is the part that
| | 00:41 | goes into the USB port.
| | 00:44 | Now the other end of the cable, you
plug into your USB port might go directly
| | 00:47 | into whatever device you are plugging
in, like a mouse or a keyboard, or may look
| | 00:51 | like this, or this, or this.
| | 00:54 | But as long as the device or cable you
are plugging into your Mac goes into your
| | 00:57 | USB port, it's considered a USB device.
| | 01:01 | Another port you will find on most Macs is
called a FireWire port, and it looks like this.
| | 01:05 | Now there are actually two kinds of
FireWire ports: FireWire 400 and FireWire 800.
| | 01:10 | FireWire 800, which we have
circled here, is the rectangular one.
| | 01:14 | FireWire 400, this one, is the older and
slower port that's been discontinued on
| | 01:18 | Macs, while you will find
FireWire 800 ports on most new Macs.
| | 01:23 | Generally, FireWire is used for
connecting external hard drives.
| | 01:26 | Many people prefer external drives
that connect over FireWire 800, because
| | 01:29 | you can transfer data between your
computer and the drive faster than you can
| | 01:32 | with the USB device.
| | 01:34 | Another important port you will
find on your Mac is the Ethernet port.
| | 01:37 | This is the port that lets you connect
to your network, or Internet service.
| | 01:40 | It looks kind of like a wide telephone jack.
| | 01:43 | The cable that plugs into the
Ethernet port looks like this.
| | 01:46 | One end goes into your Mac, and the
other end goes into your router or modem.
| | 01:49 | In an upcoming chapter, we'll talk
about how to set up your Mac to connect to
| | 01:53 | your network or to the Internet,
but for now that's how you set up the
| | 01:56 | physical connection.
| | 01:57 | You just plug your Ethernet cable into
your Ethernet port, and on the other end,
| | 02:00 | which looks like identical to
this, into your router or modem.
| | 02:04 | Other ports you will probably be
using are the audio and input jacks.
| | 02:07 | The audio output jack is denoted by a
speaker icon, and the input jack looks
| | 02:11 | like two triangles pointing
inward towards each other.
| | 02:14 | You can plug speakers into the output
jack so you can hear any sounds your Mac
| | 02:17 | is making through them, including
alert sounds or music you are playing.
| | 02:20 | And if you are recording audio, one
option for doing so is sending audio
| | 02:23 | into the input jack.
| | 02:25 | Lastly, all current Macs have
monitor connectors for connecting external
| | 02:28 | monitors to your computer.
| | 02:30 | Macs like the Mac Pro and the Mac
Mini have to have monitors plugged into
| | 02:33 | them so you can see what you are
doing, and they connect through ports
| | 02:36 | called the DVI ports.
| | 02:37 | We are seeing an example here
of two DVI ports on a Mac Pro.
| | 02:41 | Now the iMac in Apple's notebook
computers all have built-in monitors, but they
| | 02:44 | also include monitor connectors, in
case you would like to add a second larger
| | 02:48 | monitor to your setup.
| | 02:49 | In those cases, you connect through
a mini DVI port that looks like this.
| | 02:53 | So that's a rundown of the most
important ports you'll need to be familiar with
| | 02:56 | to plug in and use peripherals with your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Setting up a printer| 00:00 | One of the most common types of
peripherals you'll probably need to use with
| | 00:03 | your Mac is a printer.
| | 00:05 | You can print to printers connected
directly to your Mac's USB port, to
| | 00:08 | printers connected to other Mac's
under network, or even to your stand-alone
| | 00:11 | network printers which connect
directly to your network without needing to be
| | 00:14 | tethered to a computer.
| | 00:16 | Setting up a printer using the
latest version of the Mac operating system
| | 00:19 | couldn't be much easier. Let's take a look at the
process starting with printing to a printer connected
| | 00:23 | directly to your Mac.
| | 00:24 | When you connect your printer to your Mac,
you'll most likely use a USB cable, as
| | 00:28 | that's the most common type of connection.
| | 00:30 | It's also possible your printer
connects via an Ethernet cable.
| | 00:33 | So first determine which cable you need, and
then connect your Mac and printer together.
| | 00:37 | Once your printer is connected, turn it on.
| | 00:39 | You can forget about any
installation discs that came with the printer.
| | 00:42 | The software in those discs is
probably already outdated anyway.
| | 00:46 | Next, open a document you'd like to print.
| | 00:50 | Then choose File > Print.
| | 00:54 | That opens the Print dialog box, or print window.
| | 00:56 | In the menu next to Printer,
you'll see your printer's name.
| | 00:59 | If it's not the printer you want to
print to, click the Printer menu, and you'll
| | 01:02 | see a list of all the other
printers that your Mac has detected.
| | 01:05 | The Mac OS automatically recognizes
printers connected to your Mac via USB,
| | 01:09 | Ethernet, FireWire, Bluetooth, and
even on your network, in most cases.
| | 01:13 | So to print your document, just click Print.
| | 01:16 | We'll talk about some of the common printing
options you will find in an upcoming movie.
| | 01:20 | You can see that shows me my printer in my Dock.
| | 01:21 | When I select it, I can check
the status of the print job.
| | 01:26 | Once my print job is done, it
disappears from the Printer window.
| | 01:29 | So I can go ahead and close this now.
| | 01:30 | It really doesn't get much simpler than that.
| | 01:33 | If you have a printer from a well-known
manufacturer, that's probably the extent
| | 01:37 | of what you will have to do to print your files.
| | 01:38 | Now if your printer did not show up in the
Printer list, you'll have to add it manually.
| | 01:43 | Start by clicking the Apple menu in the
Menu bar, and choose System Preferences.
| | 01:48 | Then choose Print & Fax.
| | 01:50 | Here, you'll see a list of all the
printers your Mac currently recognizes.
| | 01:54 | To add another printer, click the Plus button.
| | 01:58 | Your Mac will then perform a
scan and try to detect your printer.
| | 02:00 | If you see its name appear in this
list, all you have to do is select it,
| | 02:04 | and then click Add. But in this case, this is
already the printer I'm printing to,
| | 02:08 | so I don't need to add it.
| | 02:09 | I'm just going to close this window.
| | 02:11 | But once you've added a printer, the
next time you choose to print, you'll see
| | 02:15 | the printer name appear in the Printer list.
| | 02:20 | Now on the slim chance that you still
weren't able to see your printer, and if
| | 02:23 | you're novice at setting up computer
hardware, you might want to call in
| | 02:25 | help for this next step.
| | 02:27 | First, you want to go back to System
Preferences and to Print & Fax again.
| | 02:32 | Then once again, click the Plus button to add a printer.
| | 02:34 | So if your printer is on your office
network but not showing up, you can try
| | 02:38 | selecting the IP icon,
| | 02:40 | but you'll need to know the protocol,
or language being spoken, by the printer.
| | 02:43 | So again, this might require you to ask
your company's tech support for some help.
| | 02:46 | There is also an option to select
Windows, if you have a Windows only printer
| | 02:50 | you're trying to print to.
| | 02:51 | But again, you'll need to know
specific information about your network
| | 02:54 | that's a little too
complicated to get into here.
| | 02:57 | Still, the chances that you will have to
do any of these things are pretty slim.
| | 03:00 | More likely, your Mac will recognize
your printer the first time you go to
| | 03:03 | print, and you won't have to
bother with any other steps in the
| | 03:05 | installation process.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Printing your documents| 00:00 | When you go to print a document from
your Mac, you'll find there are several
| | 00:03 | print options available.
| | 00:04 | Some options you see will be specific
to whichever brand and model of printer
| | 00:08 | you have, and to which application
you're printing from, while other options are
| | 00:11 | standard - regardless of
which printer you're using.
| | 00:13 | In this movie, we'll take a look at
some of these common print options.
| | 00:17 | Currently, I have a text document open,
and the contents of the documents aren't
| | 00:20 | really important right now.
| | 00:21 | I just need an open document so that I
can walk you through the printing process.
| | 00:24 | So with this document open,
I'll choose File > Print.
| | 00:27 | Now the first time you go to Print,
you'll see this version of the Print window.
| | 00:33 | This is the minimalist, only-the-basics
version that you'll need if you want to
| | 00:36 | print your entire
document with no special options.
| | 00:40 | At the top, you have the Printer menu for
selecting which printer you want to print to.
| | 00:43 | You should see any printers you've set up,
or which are connected to your network here.
| | 00:47 | Just select the one you want to use.
| | 00:49 | In my case, I only have the one.
| | 00:51 | The Presets menu is for
saving custom print settings.
| | 00:54 | For example, you'll see in a minute
how to make choices like the number of
| | 00:57 | copies you want to print, the paper
size you're printing to, and so on.
| | 01:01 | If you're always using the same
settings, make your settings first and then
| | 01:04 | choose the Save As from this menu,
which is currently grayed out, because I
| | 01:07 | haven't made any choices.
| | 01:08 | But once you make any
changes, you can choose Save As,
| | 01:10 | so you can then store your settings
| | 01:13 | and then select them in the future, and
not have to navigate through a series
| | 01:15 | of menus each time.
| | 01:16 | Then we have the PDF button, which is
used to generate an Adobe Acrobat file.
| | 01:22 | PDFs can be viewed on any computer,
Mac or PC, that has the free Adobe Reader
| | 01:26 | software installed, or in the case of
the Mac, you can also view PDFs using the
| | 01:30 | Preview application that comes
as part of the operating system.
| | 01:32 | So as you can see, clicking the PDF
button gives you several options for what you
| | 01:37 | want to do with the PDF you're generating.
| | 01:38 | For instance, you can choose Save as
PDF to just save it to a location on your
| | 01:42 | computer, or choose Mail PDF to
attach your PDF to an e-mail message.
| | 01:47 | When you choose a PDF option, it
doesn't matter which printer you have selected
| | 01:50 | in the Printer menu.
| | 01:52 | For that matter, it doesn't matter
whether you have an actual printer
| | 01:54 | connected to your Mac at all.
| | 01:55 | You can generate a PDF document at anytime.
| | 01:57 | Next, we have the Preview button, which
when clicked shows you what your printed
| | 02:02 | page will look like.
| | 02:04 | This actually is a PDF
document you're looking at.
| | 02:08 | So another way to save your document
as a PDF is to click the Preview button.
| | 02:12 | Then once your document opens in
Preview, you can choose File > Save.
| | 02:17 | Or if you really did want to print to
the selected printer, just click the Print
| | 02:20 | button in the lower right-hand corner.
| | 02:21 | I'm just going to cancel in this case,
and go back to my TextEdit document, where
| | 02:26 | I'll choose File > Print to
bring the Print dialog back up.
| | 02:30 | The last two buttons here in the
simple Print dialog box are Cancel, which
| | 02:34 | cancels the Print dialog box, and
Print, which you click when you're
| | 02:37 | actually ready to print.
| | 02:39 | So again, these options should be all
you need if you just want to print your
| | 02:42 | document as it is in its entirety.
| | 02:44 | But there will be times when you
want to customize your print job.
| | 02:47 | For those times, click the
down-pointing arrow next to the Printer menu to
| | 02:50 | expand the Print dialog box.
| | 02:53 | So now we see a preview of the page on the left.
| | 02:55 | If it's a multi-page document, you can
use the arrows to preview other pages
| | 02:58 | within your document.
| | 02:59 | We have several more options to the right.
| | 03:01 | First of all, we have the Copies
field, where you can type in the number of
| | 03:05 | copies of your document you want to print.
| | 03:07 | If you're printing more than one copy,
you'll probably want to keep Collated checked,
| | 03:11 | so each copy prints in its entirety in order.
| | 03:13 | With Collated unchecked, you first get
all the page number ones, then the page
| | 03:17 | number twos, and so on, and so on.
| | 03:19 | Underneath that, we have the Pages
area, where you can choose which pages of your
| | 03:22 | document you want to print.
| | 03:24 | You have the default choice of All,
which obviously prints all your pages, or
| | 03:27 | you can choose a range of pages.
| | 03:29 | Depending on the application you're
printing from, you may see other options
| | 03:32 | here, such as the option to print the
pages you have selected in the application.
| | 03:36 | Next, we have this unnamed menu,
| | 03:38 | but it contains the most
options of all the other menus here.
| | 03:41 | Generally, you'll find the name of the
application you're printing from, which
| | 03:44 | when selected, in this case TextEdit, it will
give you options specific to that application.
| | 03:48 | The only real option I have
here is to Print header and footer.
| | 03:51 | You can see that puts a
header and a footer on my page.
| | 03:54 | So different programs
will have different options.
| | 03:57 | Another selection that's fairly
common across all applications is Layout.
| | 04:01 | This lets you choose how many of
your document pages will print to each
| | 04:04 | physical sheet of paper.
| | 04:06 | Choosing to print more than one page to
each sheet can conserve paper and ink.
| | 04:09 | So if I choose to select All Pages, you
can see, as I preview ahead, now we see 2
| | 04:15 | pages per sheet of paper.
| | 04:18 | So you'll probably want to take your
time and browse through the different
| | 04:20 | options available here in the Print
dialog box for the applications that you use.
| | 04:24 | But the ones that we've looked at here
will generally appear in all applications
| | 04:27 | that have the ability to print.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Setting up a scanner| 00:00 | In this movie, we're going to discuss
how to set up a scanner on your Mac.
| | 00:03 | But truth be told, if you have a
scanner that was manufactured in the last
| | 00:06 | several years, you most likely don't
have to do anything to get it to work with
| | 00:09 | your Mac, as long as you're running
Mac OS 10.6 Snow Leopard or later.
| | 00:13 | Whether the scanner is connected to
your Mac directly through a USB cable or if
| | 00:17 | it's a network scanner connected to your
home or office network, your Mac should
| | 00:20 | be able to see and use it right away.
| | 00:22 | So the first step is to connect your
scanner to your Mac or to your network,
| | 00:25 | and then turn it on.
| | 00:27 | That's it as far as the physical setup goes.
| | 00:28 | Now there are two built-in
applications you can scan from in Mac OS X. One is
| | 00:33 | called Preview, and the
other is called Image Capture.
| | 00:35 | Both are located in your Applications folder.
| | 00:38 | Both work pretty much the same way.
| | 00:40 | We'll look at the specifics of how
to scan in a separate, upcoming movie.
| | 00:43 | But for now, let's just see how we
make sure the Mac is seeing the scanner.
| | 00:46 | I'm going to start by opening the Preview.
| | 00:51 | In Preview, choose
File > Import from Scanner.
| | 00:54 | If your scanner is connected directly to
your Mac, you should see it listed in this menu.
| | 00:58 | If your scanner is connected to your
network, you'll have to first select
| | 01:01 | Include Networked Devices.
| | 01:02 | You'll then immediately be able to
click File > Import from Scanner again.
| | 01:07 | Then any network scanner as your
Mac found will appear in this menu.
| | 01:09 | So I'll go ahead and
select the one my Mac has found.
| | 01:13 | That opens the scanning window.
| | 01:15 | Again, we'll take a look at how to
do an actual scan in a later movie.
| | 01:17 | So I'm just going to close this for now.
| | 01:20 | So my Mac is clearly
communicating with my scanner through Preview.
| | 01:23 | Let's check out the other
application, called Image Capture.
| | 01:29 | In Image Capture, any scanners, or
digital cameras for that matter, connected
| | 01:33 | directly to your Mac will appear under Devices.
| | 01:36 | Network scanners will appear under Shared.
| | 01:38 | Unlike in Preview, I don't have
to tell Image Capture to look for
| | 01:40 | network devices first.
| | 01:42 | So that's really the one practical
difference between scanning through
| | 01:44 | Preview and Image Capture.
| | 01:46 | I tend to use Image Capture myself,
because I can just click to select my
| | 01:49 | scanner, which immediately opens the
scanning pane, identical to the scanning
| | 01:52 | window we saw in Preview, and I
can begin scanning right away.
| | 01:55 | That's really all there is, in terms
of setting up a scanner on the Mac.
| | 01:58 | There really is no setup to speak of,
except for physically plugging in your scanner.
| | 02:02 | You don't need to install any of the
software that came with your scanner or
| | 02:05 | worry about updating
drivers or anything like that.
| | 02:07 | Mac OS X has everything you need build right in.
| | 02:09 | Now on the off chance your Mac doesn't
see your scanner, you may need to visit
| | 02:13 | your scanner manufacture's web site
to see if they've released any new
| | 02:16 | software for your scanner.
| | 02:17 | If not, your scanner might be too old
to work with the Mac, but again, unless
| | 02:21 | your scanner is a lesser known brand or
just really old, you shouldn't have any
| | 02:24 | trouble using it with your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Scanning a document| 00:00 | Previously, we looked at how to set up
a scanner on your Mac, and it turns out
| | 00:03 | it's really just a matter of making
sure it's connected to your Mac, or to your
| | 00:06 | network, and then opening one of two
built-in applications to perform the scan.
| | 00:10 | Again, the two applications are
Preview and Image Capture, both are which are
| | 00:13 | found in your Applications folder.
| | 00:15 | In this movie, we'll look at
the specifics of how to scan.
| | 00:18 | I'm going to use Image Capture for
these examples, but this will apply to
| | 00:20 | scanning with Preview as well.
| | 00:22 | And for this example, I've place the booklet
from a CD on the scanning bit of my scanner.
| | 00:26 | So let's start up Image Capture.
| | 00:27 | I'm going to select my scanner, under Shared.
| | 00:32 | If your scanner is connected directly to
your Mac with USB, you'll find it under Devices.
| | 00:35 | So the scanner is going to take a
moment to warm up here, and once the scanner
| | 00:41 | warms up, it'll do what's
called an Overview scan.
| | 00:43 | This is a preview scan, so you can see
where the items on your scanner bed are,
| | 00:47 | and you can make sure that you're going to
scan all the parts that you want to capture.
| | 00:50 | If you don't see a panel to the right
of the Image Capture, like I have here on
| | 00:53 | my screen, you probably
have your Details hidden,
| | 00:55 | in which case, just click
the Show Details button.
| | 00:58 | Again, Image Capture is going to do another
Overview scan because I changed the view of my window.
| | 01:02 | All right, so let's work our way down
from the top of this area and look at what
| | 01:06 | some of our options are.
| | 01:08 | The first menu here is where you can
select the kind of item you're scanning.
| | 01:12 | Now, in most cases, you'll probably be
scanning either photos or documents, and
| | 01:15 | the settings you use will vary based
on what you're scanning and what you're
| | 01:18 | using the scanned image for.
| | 01:20 | So under the Kind menu here, you can
choose Text, Black & White, or Color.
| | 01:23 | I'm not a big fan of the Text option
because it reduces the colors used in your
| | 01:27 | scan to just black or
white, with no levels or gray.
| | 01:30 | So you can see what that looks
like over here in the Preview window.
| | 01:33 | Even if you're just scanning text,
it usually doesn't look all that great.
| | 01:36 | I generally recommend choosing Black &
White, even if you're just scanning text,
| | 01:40 | as you get more control of the levels of gray.
| | 01:42 | You can see how I get a Grays menu now, and I
can choose 256, or even thousands of levels of grays.
| | 01:47 | You'll get a clearer scan by
choosing Black & White over text.
| | 01:51 | And if you're scanning photos, or any document
with color that you has to keep, choose Color.
| | 01:57 | That gives us the option of millions or
even billions of colors, though it may
| | 02:01 | depend on the capabilities of your scanner too.
| | 02:03 | Generally, the more colors or levels
of gray you choose to include, the larger
| | 02:06 | your scanned file size will be.
But another significant determining factor
| | 02:11 | of file size, and the quality of the scan
for that matter, is the resolution you scan at.
| | 02:16 | Resolution refers to how many dots
per inch, or dpi, you want to capture.
| | 02:20 | The more dots the higher the resolution.
| | 02:23 | If you want to a good all-purpose scan
of the photo or document, 300 dpi is a
| | 02:26 | good level to select.
| | 02:27 | That will give you the resolution you need to
produce a good-looking printout of your scan.
| | 02:32 | If you intend to e-mail a scanned photo, or
put it on the web, you can still scan at
| | 02:35 | 300 dpi, but you'll need to reduce the
resolution and file size in an image editing
| | 02:39 | program like Photoshop or
iPhoto before you can send it off.
| | 02:44 | Images for the web are generally 72 dpi -
| | 02:46 | you can see we have an option here for 75 -
but I don't recommend scanning at this level.
| | 02:51 | Ideally, you want a higher-quality scan
so you can grab lots of color and detail
| | 02:54 | from the image before you then reduce
the dpi through software. But if you're
| | 02:59 | in a rush, or don't know how to use
image editing software, you can scan at
| | 03:01 | 75 dpi when you want to deliver
your scanned images over the Internet.
| | 03:04 | I'm going to leave mine at 300.
| | 03:06 | Now the Size settings refers to the physical
dimensions of the area you're going to scan.
| | 03:11 | Notice this dotted line around my CD cover.
| | 03:14 | This represents the area that's going to
be scanned, but it's actually a bit too
| | 03:17 | large at this point.
| | 03:18 | So I'm going to grab the corner
of this rectangle and drag up.
| | 03:22 | Now drag the middle dot there to drag down.
| | 03:27 | Basically, I just want to drag the edges
of the rectangle so that they are closer
| | 03:31 | to the edges of my cover.
| | 03:32 | So you can see how the size
dimensions have changed here.
| | 03:35 | If you placed your item on the scanner
kind of crooked, you can use this handle
| | 03:38 | here to rotate the selection box, but
mine is already pretty straight so I'm
| | 03:41 | going to change my Rotation Angle back to 0.
| | 03:44 | When Detect separate items is checked,
the scanner software tries to find
| | 03:48 | individual items you've placed on the scanner.
| | 03:50 | For example, you can place maybe 3 or 4
photos on the scanner, depending on the
| | 03:53 | size of the photos, and with this option
checked, you'll probably see individual
| | 03:56 | rectangles drawn around each item.
| | 03:58 | It really depends on how well the scanner
can detect those individual items, based
| | 04:01 | on the contrast to the background.
| | 04:03 | But you can always add or edit the
rectangles by drawing your own, or
| | 04:06 | reducing the existing ones.
| | 04:07 | For instance, if there were another
photo down here, I could just click with my
| | 04:11 | mouse and drag out another box around
that item, and now I have two boxes.
| | 04:15 | So anything within one of these selection
areas will be scanned as an individual file.
| | 04:20 | If you draw a rectangle by mistake, just
click in it once to select it and then
| | 04:23 | press the Delete or Backspace key
on your keyboard to get rid of it.
| | 04:26 | Next, we have the Scan To menu,
and this where you determine where the
| | 04:31 | scanned file will be saved.
| | 04:32 | You have a couple preset locations,
like your Pictures folder, your Desktop,
| | 04:36 | or Documents, or even Mail if you
want to attach your scanned document
| | 04:40 | immediately to an e-mail message.
| | 04:41 | I'm going to select Desktop.
| | 04:43 | Next, you want to type a name for your file.
I'll just call mine gte, short for Goodnight To
| | 04:48 | Everyone, which is the
name of the CD I'm scanning.
| | 04:51 | And then you have the Format menu for
selecting the type of image file you want to create.
| | 04:55 | If you want the highest resolution
format, you'll choose TIFF, but that will
| | 04:58 | also produce the largest file sizes.
| | 05:00 | PNG is a standard all around web format,
and PDF is the Adobe Reader format, which
| | 05:05 | anyone can open on any Mac or any PC
with a copy of Adobe Reader installed.
| | 05:09 | I tend to stick with TIFF because I often do
some editing to my scans after I scan them.
| | 05:14 | And again, I initially want as
high a resolution as possible.
| | 05:18 | Next, we have the Image Correction menu.
| | 05:20 | If you select Manual, you'll get options for
brightness, tint, temperature, and saturation.
| | 05:26 | If you're familiar with these sorts of
controls, feel free to play around with them.
| | 05:29 | Even if you're not sure what they do, you can
drag sliders around and see the results.
| | 05:38 | If you mess up the appearance too badly
just click the Restore Defaults button,
| | 05:41 | or you can set Image Correction back to None.
| | 05:44 | Similarly, the remaining check
boxes and menus below are also for image
| | 05:47 | correction, and I'm not get
into details for them here.
| | 05:50 | Most people tend to do their image
corrections in other programs anyway since
| | 05:53 | the tools here are kind of limited.
But once you've made your selections here, and
| | 05:56 | you're ready to scan, click Scan.
| | 05:58 | So now my scanner is scanning for real
and applying all the settings I've selected.
| | 06:06 | And once it's done, I'll find the scanned
file sitting here on my desktop, just as I
| | 06:09 | specified, and now I can
open it up and check it out.
| | 06:12 | So that's the basics of scanning on your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Setting up a projector or second monitor| 00:00 | Another peripheral device you should
know how to connect to is a projector.
| | 00:04 | If you ever have to give a
presentation using software like PowerPoint or
| | 00:07 | Keynote, or even if you have to demo
something on your Mac to an audience, you'll
| | 00:11 | most likely need to use a
projector like this one.
| | 00:14 | In reality, a projector works just
like a monitor, as far as your Mac is
| | 00:17 | concerned, and setting up a
projector is just like setting up a second
| | 00:20 | monitor for your Mac.
| | 00:21 | Many people these days use a second
monitor for both Notebook and Desktop Macs
| | 00:25 | so they have more onscreen room to work with.
| | 00:27 | So whether you need to connect your
projector or just want to use an additional
| | 00:30 | monitor, you will learn
everything you need to know in this movie.
| | 00:33 | You are going to start by connecting
your projector or monitor to your Mac.
| | 00:37 | Now if you have a newer Notebook Mac,
you are most likely going to need an
| | 00:40 | adapter, since all recent Notebooks
uses Mini-DVI port you see right here.
| | 00:45 | So to be safe, I always carry both
the Mini-DVI to DVI and Mini-DVI to VGA
| | 00:51 | adapters in my laptop bag.
| | 00:53 | Some older Mac notebooks use the full
size DVI connectors, like the ones found on
| | 00:57 | the Mac Pro Desktop computer, and you
won't need one of these adapters if your
| | 01:00 | projector or monitor
also uses the DVI connector.
| | 01:03 | But if your projector or monitor uses
the old VGA-style connector, you will need
| | 01:08 | a DVI to VGA adapter like this one,
which you can pick up in any store that
| | 01:11 | sells computer accessories.
| | 01:14 | Now on this particular projector,
I have both the DVI and VGA ports.
| | 01:20 | So as you can see, it can get a
little confusing trying to figure out which
| | 01:23 | cables and adapters you are going to need.
| | 01:25 | If you have the option, choose DVI over
VGA since DVI offers a digital signal.
| | 01:30 | So I am going to connect this DVI cable
I have to my projector, and I am going
| | 01:41 | to plug the other end into my DVI
adapter, and I will plug the Mini-DVI end of
| | 01:52 | the adapter into my MacBook.
| | 01:58 | Again, your particular setup may vary
depending on which Mac you have and what
| | 02:01 | connector your projector uses.
| | 02:03 | Just remember that it will either be DVI,
VGA, or some combination of the two, and
| | 02:08 | if you have a newer MacBook, you are
going to need one of these Mini-DVI
| | 02:11 | adapters in all cases.
| | 02:12 | So once I have all that figured out,
and I have the projector or monitor
| | 02:16 | connected to my computer, I just make
sure they're both turned on, and now we'll
| | 02:20 | see what we would have to do to
set up the projector in Mac OS X.
| | 02:22 | Now at this point your Mac may have
already detected the projector or second
| | 02:27 | monitor, and the appearance of
your screen might have changed.
| | 02:29 | We'll take care of that in a moment.
| | 02:31 | But let's begin by going to the Apple
menu and choosing System Preferences,
| | 02:37 | then click Displays.
| | 02:38 | Here in Displays, go to the Arrangement tab.
| | 02:41 | Now depending on what you want to
display on your projector or second monitor,
| | 02:45 | you will either want to
check or uncheck Mirror Displays.
| | 02:48 | With it checked, both monitors
will be identical to each other.
| | 02:52 | So, for example, if you are using a
projector and want your audience to see
| | 02:55 | exactly what you see on your screen,
you would check Mirror Displays.
| | 02:59 | With it unchecked, the projector or
second monitor becomes an extension of your
| | 03:04 | main screen, meaning you can move your
mouse from one screen to the other as if
| | 03:07 | there were one large monitor.
| | 03:09 | This can be useful if you are using
presentation software like PowerPoint or Keynote.
| | 03:13 | Those applications support what's
called Presenter Displays, which helps you
| | 03:16 | view your upcoming slides, notes and
other info on your screen, while your
| | 03:19 | audience only sees your
presentation on the projector screen.
| | 03:22 | So, for example, I have a Keynote
presentation file on my desktop. Now this
| | 03:26 | isn't included with any exercise files
for this course; I am just using it to
| | 03:29 | demonstrate Presenter Display mode, so
I'll open that up, and I will play it.
| | 03:33 | So you can see the right side of the
screen represents what the projector is
| | 03:36 | displaying, and it just shows my slides,
while of the left side of the screen
| | 03:40 | represents my laptop screen, which
only I see during my presentation.
| | 03:44 | So this is one advantage of
turning off Mirror Displays when using a
| | 03:46 | projector with your Mac.
| | 03:48 | So as I click through my presentation,
you can see the slides appearing to the
| | 03:51 | right, but all the information
is kept on my display on the left.
| | 03:55 | Let's press Escape to exit this,
and I will go ahead and quit Keynote.
| | 04:03 | So with Mirror Displays unchecked,
you see your monitor is represented by
| | 04:06 | these blue rectangles.
| | 04:07 | Now you can drag the blue rectangles around
to specify the arrangement for your screens.
| | 04:11 | So, for example, if I am using two
monitors and I place my second monitor to
| | 04:15 | the right of the main monitor, I
just drag the monitor that doesn't have the Menu
| | 04:18 | Bar icon in it to the right, like so.
| | 04:23 | If you have different sized monitors,
you can also drag their icons up and down
| | 04:26 | to better represent their actual relationship,
| | 04:28 | for instance, if my main monitor
was slightly higher on my desk than
| | 04:31 | my secondary monitor.
| | 04:32 | My secondary monitor though, is on
the left, so I will leave it there.
| | 04:35 | Now you also want to go back to the Display tab.
| | 04:38 | Under the Display tab, you choose the
resolution for each monitor or projector
| | 04:41 | connected to your Mac.
| | 04:43 | The higher the resolution, the more data
and detail can be displayed on the screen.
| | 04:47 | Notice both monitors have
their own display window.
| | 04:50 | For the most part, you are going to want
the highest resolution available in each list.
| | 04:54 | That's what's called the monitor's
native resolution, and it's going to look its
| | 04:57 | sharpest at that size.
| | 05:00 | So if I wanted my monitor to look
its best, I would choose 1920 x 1200.
| | 05:04 | I don't currently have that
selected though, because of the way I am
| | 05:06 | recording this movie.
| | 05:08 | Now if you have chosen to mirror your
monitors under Arrangement, you will be
| | 05:11 | limited to the resolution of the
device with the lowest resolution.
| | 05:14 | Usually, that's going to be the
projector, if you are connected to a projector.
| | 05:17 | Most projector display at only say 800 x 600,
with some newer ones displaying at 1024 x 768.
| | 05:24 | It will probably take some clicking
around and experimenting with different
| | 05:27 | resolutions before you find the one
that works for both your computer and your
| | 05:30 | projector if you have your displays mirrored.
| | 05:32 | Now as a side note, be aware that when
you change resolutions, the screens may
| | 05:36 | flicker or go back momentarily. This is normal.
| | 05:39 | Now if you happen to pick a resolution
that doesn't work, just don't touch the
| | 05:42 | keyboard or the mouse for a few seconds.
| | 05:44 | You have to confirm that a selected
resolution works before it's locked in, and
| | 05:47 | if you don't confirm it, your Mac
will go back to the previously working
| | 05:50 | resolution. And that's the basics of
what you need to know to get a projector or
| | 05:53 | second monitor working with your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Using a projector| 00:00 | If you do a lot of presenting and often
have to connect your computer to various
| | 00:04 | projectors supplied to you by whatever
vendor you are speaking at, it's going to
| | 00:07 | be helpful to know some basic
things about projectors in general.
| | 00:10 | If you are always presenting in the
same place, like a classroom or conference
| | 00:13 | room at your office, you are in good
shape because you will already be familiar
| | 00:16 | with your standard projector
once you've gotten it set up.
| | 00:19 | But if you are the traveling sort of
presenter, you don't always know what size
| | 00:22 | room you are walking into, what kind of
projector you will be using, where the
| | 00:25 | projector is going to be positioned, and
there are always other unknown factors.
| | 00:28 | So in this video, I am going to go over
a couple of features and characteristics
| | 00:32 | that most projectors share in common.
| | 00:34 | First of all, all projectors have a Power
button to turn the projector on and off.
| | 00:38 | Now, in some projectors, you are going
to have to press the Power button twice:
| | 00:41 | once to turn the projector on and
another time so the lamp actually warms up
| | 00:45 | and starts projecting.
| | 00:46 | Then it might take anywhere between a
few seconds to a minute before that lamp
| | 00:49 | gets warmed up and bright enough so
you can see the image on your screen.
| | 00:55 | Now, assuming you've connected the
projector to your computer and your computer
| | 00:58 | is turned on, you should see your
computer screen being projected.
| | 01:01 | In the previous movie, we looked at how
to set up your computer to display on a
| | 01:04 | projector or external monitor, so refer
back to that movie if you need a review.
| | 01:08 | Now, if you still don't see your screen,
look for a button labeled Source, or
| | 01:13 | Input on the projector;
| | 01:14 | many projectors allow you to plug in
multiple sources simultaneously, which can
| | 01:18 | be convenient if more than one computer
or video device, like a DVD player, has to
| | 01:22 | be plugged into the projector at once.
| | 01:25 | If you don't see your computer's
display up on the screen, it's possible your
| | 01:27 | projector is set to the wrong input.
| | 01:29 | So you are going to want to
press that Input or Source button.
| | 01:31 | Now in some cases, a menu will appear,
letting you choose an input; in other cases
| | 01:35 | you will press the Input or Source
button repeatedly, and toggle through the
| | 01:38 | sources until your computer screen shows up.
| | 01:40 | Some projectors will even
automatically scan through all the sources, stopping
| | 01:44 | when it finds a video signal.
| | 01:46 | Now, once a projector is properly
projecting on your screen, you will mostly
| | 01:50 | likely need to adjust the focus.
| | 01:52 | Focus is often adjusted
with this ring around the lens.
| | 01:55 | Just turn it until the image looks sharp.
| | 02:02 | Now, even when the image is in focus,
it still might not look quite right.
| | 02:05 | Maybe the image is too large to fit
on the screen, or maybe it's too small.
| | 02:09 | Moving the projector further away from
the screen or closer to the screen can
| | 02:12 | usually solve this, but
that's not always an option.
| | 02:15 | Many projectors also have a zoomed
dial for making minor size adjustments.
| | 02:18 | After you zoom, you most likely
will have to focus again as well.
| | 02:27 | Now, another common issue that might
crop up is a slight distortion of the
| | 02:30 | projected image, known as keystoning.
| | 02:32 | That's when the image looks more like
a trapezoid rather than a rectangle,
| | 02:36 | and this is usually a result of the
projector projecting at too extreme an
| | 02:39 | angle, either up or down.
| | 02:41 | Most projectors have an adjustable foot or legs
to raise or lower the angle of the projection.
| | 02:46 | Now, if that doesn't do the trick and
the projector is too low, you can try
| | 02:49 | propping it up on a stack of books or
something else to raise it up a little bit.
| | 02:53 | Projectors frequently also have
keystoning buttons specifically for adjusting
| | 02:56 | the shape of the projected image.
| | 03:07 | So try adjusting those keystoning
buttons, if necessary. And when your
| | 03:11 | presentation is over, and it's time
to shut things down, press the Power
| | 03:14 | button once, which usually turns off the lamp,
but then keeps the fan running in the projector.
| | 03:19 | Projector bulbs get very hot and letting
the fan cool down the system before the
| | 03:23 | power goes completely off can
help preserve the life of the bulb.
| | 03:26 | Depending on the projector, it might
shut itself off after it's sufficiently
| | 03:29 | cooled down, or you may have to
press the Power button a second time to
| | 03:32 | completely turn off the Power.
| | 03:34 | Again, all projectors are different,
and you'll have to spend a little bit of
| | 03:37 | time examining the particular
projector you are paired with, but these tips
| | 03:40 | should help you get up and
running a little bit more quickly.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Portable storage devices| 00:00 | Another common device you'll most
likely to use, at some point or another, is an
| | 00:03 | external hard drive or storage device.
| | 00:05 | An external drive can be a simple
flash or thumb drive, like this one. These
| | 00:09 | typically plug into your computer's
USB port, and have capacities of around
| | 00:13 | 128 gigabytes or so,
| | 00:14 | although you'll usually find them at
around 8 or 16 gigabyte capacities.
| | 00:19 | For significantly more storage space,
you'll have to go with an external
| | 00:21 | hard drive like this one.
| | 00:23 | These can also connect to
your Mac via USB or by FireWire.
| | 00:26 | They often require that you plug
them into their own power outlet as well,
| | 00:29 | although you'll find some models that are
powered through the USB or FireWire port.
| | 00:34 | Using an external hard drive or thumb drive is
simply a matter of plugging it into your Mac.
| | 00:39 | After a moment, the drive
should show up in your desktop.
| | 00:41 | Now, if your drive did not show up,
first click somewhere on your desktop to
| | 00:45 | make sure you're in the Mac's Finder,
then choose Finder > Preferences.
| | 00:49 | Under the General tab, make sure
that External disks is checked.
| | 00:53 | With it checked, any external
drives will show up on your desktop.
| | 00:56 | This is where you can also check Hard
disks if you want to see all the internal
| | 00:59 | drives in your Mac, but I tend to leave
those off, because I have quite a few,
| | 01:02 | and I don't like seeing them
taking up that space on my desktop.
| | 01:05 | Besides, I can also get to those
drives in other ways, so I don't need them
| | 01:07 | taking up space on my Desktop.
| | 01:09 | So along those lines, you might also
want to click the Sidebar tab and make sure
| | 01:13 | External disks is checked here as well.
| | 01:15 | This option makes it so your external drives
appear in the Sidebar area of any Finder window.
| | 01:20 | You can see there's my drive right there.
| | 01:22 | This is also where I keep hard drives
checked, so I can see my hard drives
| | 01:26 | listed here under Devices.
| | 01:29 | So I'll go ahead and close that.
| | 01:31 | So I can get to my flash drive's
contents, either by double-clicking on the drive
| | 01:35 | to open a window, or I can
just select it in the Sidebar.
| | 01:37 | Once you see your external drive,
you're free to copy files to and from it
| | 01:41 | simply by dragging them on
the drive or off the drive.
| | 01:44 | Essentially, the external drive acts
just like any other folder, in that you
| | 01:47 | can create new folders on the drive,
add any files to it as long as they fit on
| | 01:50 | the drive, and you can
also drag files to the Trash.
| | 01:53 | For example, here in my flash drive,
I'll create a new folder,
| | 01:58 | but then let's say I just changed my mind.
| | 02:00 | I'm just going to drag that to the Trash.
| | 02:01 | Now, just like with other files you
drag to the Trash, the files aren't really
| | 02:05 | deleted until you empty the Trash, and
that holds true for external devices too.
| | 02:09 | If you unplug the drive and then plug
it in later, that folder will still be
| | 02:12 | sitting in the Trash, until
you choose Finder > Empty Trash.
| | 02:19 | So just be aware of that, especially
if you have sensitive materials on
| | 02:22 | your external drive.
| | 02:24 | You can also access your external
drives from any application you're trying
| | 02:27 | to save a file from.
| | 02:27 | I'll open up TextEdit, and I will just
type some text and choose File > Save.
| | 02:33 | Notice my external drive shows up, just
like any other location on my computer.
| | 02:38 | So I can select it, give this
file a Name, and click Save.
| | 02:41 | You can see the file now
sitting here on my flash drive.
| | 02:47 | Now, another important thing to know
about using external storage devices with
| | 02:50 | a Mac is that when you need to disconnect the
drive, you can't just yank it out of your computer.
| | 02:54 | But I'm going to do just that, so you can
see the message that appears when I do so.
| | 02:57 | So I get this alert telling me that
disk was not ejected properly, and if
| | 03:02 | possible, I should always eject the disk
before unplugging it or turning it off.
| | 03:05 | It even tells me how to do
that by choosing File > Eject.
| | 03:08 | Let me go ahead and click OK,
and plug the drive back in.
| | 03:10 | So basically the Mac needs to, in essence,
prepare the drive before you can remove it.
| | 03:15 | Just yanking the drive out can
theoretically cause files to be damaged,
| | 03:19 | especially if your Mac was writing any
information to the drive when you removed it.
| | 03:23 | So to properly eject the drive, you
should first click it to select it, then
| | 03:27 | choose File > Eject, or press Command+E,
or another way to do it is to drag the
| | 03:32 | drive to your Trash icon, which seems
counterintuitive, but notice when I start
| | 03:36 | dragging the Trash icon turns into this
Eject icon, letting you know that you're
| | 03:40 | not actually trashing your drive.
| | 03:43 | Once the drive's icon disappears from
your desktop or sidebar, you can then
| | 03:47 | safely pull it out of your
computer's USB or FireWire port.
| | 03:50 | That's how you work with
external storage devices on your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Pairing with Bluetooth devices| 00:00 | All of Apple's current lineup of
Macs, as well as many older models of Macs,
| | 00:03 | include a piece of technology called Bluetooth.
| | 00:06 | Bluetooth is a short range wireless
technology, mostly used to reduce the need
| | 00:10 | for wires and cables in personal devices.
| | 00:13 | You are probably familiar with this
technology in the form of Bluetooth headsets,
| | 00:16 | which many people use to
talk on their mobile phones.
| | 00:18 | But Bluetooth is also used for
many other types of devices, including
| | 00:22 | computer mice and keyboards.
| | 00:23 | Especially if you regularly use an
Apple Notebook computer, like the MacBook
| | 00:27 | or MacBook Pro, you probably want
to consider purchasing and using an
| | 00:30 | external mouse or keyboard.
| | 00:31 | Now you can purchase wired versions of
these devices that plug into your Mac's
| | 00:35 | USB ports, but for a little more money,
you can eliminate the wires and use a
| | 00:38 | Bluetooth mouse or keyboard.
| | 00:40 | I carry around a Bluetooth mouse with
my MacBook Pro because I find it much
| | 00:43 | easier to use than the MacBook's trackpad,
especially for an extended period of time.
| | 00:47 | Now because we are dealing with
wireless technology, we have to make sure that
| | 00:50 | your device and your Mac recognize
each other, and that someone nearby is not
| | 00:54 | using a Bluetooth device that
can take control of your Mac.
| | 00:57 | You accomplish this process by
performing a task called pairing your devices.
| | 01:00 | Let's take a look at how we do this.
| | 01:02 | For example, I am going to
set up a Bluetooth mouse.
| | 01:04 | Start by clicking the Apple menu and
choosing System Preferences, then click
| | 01:09 | Bluetooth, and you will only see the
Bluetooth option if your Mac has Bluetooth.
| | 01:13 | Here, you will find any devices you
have previously paired with your Mac.
| | 01:16 | If you haven't paired any devices before,
you will see No Devices, and you will
| | 01:19 | see a button to set up a new device.
| | 01:21 | So I will click Set Up New Device.
| | 01:23 | I get this message telling me that
my Bluetooth Hardware is turned off.
| | 01:26 | I usually turn it off to conserve
battery power on my MacBook, but obviously I
| | 01:30 | need to turn it on to use a Bluetooth mouse,
| | 01:32 | so I will click the option to turn Bluetooth on.
| | 01:34 | So at this point, my Mac is
searching for any nearby Bluetooth devices.
| | 01:39 | Now, in order for it to discover
Bluetooth devices, the device has to be placed
| | 01:42 | in Discoverable mode,
sometimes called Pairing mode.
| | 01:45 | This is a state in which the device
is sending out a here-I-am signal.
| | 01:49 | You will have to check the instructions
for whatever devices you are trying to
| | 01:51 | pair with your Mac to see
how to put it into this mode.
| | 01:53 | I will go ahead and put my mouse into
Discoverable mode, and there is my mouse.
| | 02:00 | With it selected, I will click Continue,
and after a few moments, I am told my
| | 02:06 | pairing was successful, and I can now
use my mouse, which I am using right now.
| | 02:10 | Now depending on your device, you
might have been prompted to type in a
| | 02:13 | passcode in order to
complete the pairing process.
| | 02:16 | This is an extra security measure
some devices use to make sure the person
| | 02:20 | controlling the computer is the one
who wants to pair with the device.
| | 02:23 | If your device requires a pass code,
you will find that code in your
| | 02:25 | instruction manual.
| | 02:26 | I will click Quit to close
the Bluetooth Setup Assistant.
| | 02:30 | So at this point, my mouse is paired
with my Mac, and you only have to do this
| | 02:33 | pairing process once, by the way.
| | 02:35 | After pairing, you should be able to turn
on your mouse and start using it right away.
| | 02:39 | Now, in my Bluetooth Control panel,
you can see my mouse appears as one of
| | 02:42 | my Bluetooth items.
| | 02:43 | If I wanted to pair another item,
I could just click the Plus button.
| | 02:46 | Now while you are in here, you might
also want to check the option to Show
| | 02:49 | Bluetooth Status in the Menu bar,
which you can see puts a little Bluetooth
| | 02:53 | symbol in the Menu bar up here.
| | 02:55 | You can click that to
display your paired devices.
| | 02:58 | The ones in bold, like the MSI Mouse
that we see right here, are the ones that
| | 03:01 | are currently connected to your computer,
and you can also choose to disconnect
| | 03:04 | or reconnect it from here as well.
| | 03:06 | Now, if you ever want to un-pair your
mouse from your Mac, just go back to
| | 03:09 | Bluetooth Settings, select your device,
and click the Minus button, click Remove
| | 03:15 | to confirm that you do want to remove
this device, and at that point your mouse
| | 03:18 | will no longer work with your
Mac until you pair them again.
| | 03:21 | So this pairing process is the same,
regardless of the type of device you are using.
| | 03:25 | Just put your device into a pairing
or Discoverable mode, open up System
| | 03:28 | Preferences, and run the
Bluetooth Setup Assistant.
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|
|
5. Introduction to Networks and Getting OnlineUnderstanding networks and internet access| 00:00 | In the context of discussing computers,
a network is basically two or more
| | 00:03 | computers or peripheral devices - such as
printers or scanners - connected to, and
| | 00:08 | communicating with, each other.
| | 00:10 | Technically, one computer connecting
to another computer is considered a
| | 00:13 | very basic network.
| | 00:14 | More often though, computers and other
devices on the network communicate through
| | 00:17 | a device called a router.
| | 00:18 | A router handles and manages all the
network traffic, which is essentially the
| | 00:21 | data being passed from one device to
another, and ensures that the right data
| | 00:25 | gets to the right device.
| | 00:26 | You may have heard of other devices
called switches or hubs, which operate
| | 00:29 | similarly to a router, but with a
little less sophistication and capabilities.
| | 00:33 | I am not going to get into the specific
details here, and for simplicity's sake, I
| | 00:37 | am going to refer to the network
management device as the router,
| | 00:40 | even though I could also say a hub
or a switch, depending on what the
| | 00:43 | device actually is.
| | 00:44 | Now, the point of a network is to make
it easy for all the computers in your
| | 00:47 | home or office to communicate with one another.
| | 00:49 | This allows you to share files directly
with other computers without having to
| | 00:52 | copy the files to a disk, or to e-mail them.
| | 00:55 | Networks are also operating-system
agnostic, so you can have both Macs and PCs
| | 00:59 | on the same network.
| | 01:00 | A network also allows you to have
shared devices like printers and scanners, so
| | 01:04 | each person doesn't need to have his or her own.
| | 01:06 | Another very common purpose of a
network is to share a single Internet
| | 01:09 | connection among all your computers.
| | 01:11 | Many people these days have high-
speed broadband Internet services in their
| | 01:14 | homes and need to share that
connection with several computers and other
| | 01:17 | Internet-enabled devices in their household.
| | 01:20 | Routers generally all have ports to
accept the connection from a broadband modem.
| | 01:24 | High-speed services, such as
cable, DSL, and fiber optics are
| | 01:27 | considered broadband.
| | 01:28 | Now it's important to understand that
just connecting to a network does not mean
| | 01:31 | you are connected to the Internet.
| | 01:33 | Connecting to a network means you are
connected to the other devices on the network.
| | 01:36 | This is known as your Local Area Network, or LAN.
| | 01:39 | For Internet service to be available
to all the computers on your LAN, the
| | 01:42 | Internet modem must also
be connected to the router.
| | 01:45 | The Internet connection is known
as the Wide Area Network or WAN.
| | 01:49 | Basically, the entire Internet
outside your LAN is considered the WAN.
| | 01:53 | Incidentally, sometimes the modem
provided to you by your Internet service
| | 01:56 | provider is also a router, negating the
need to have a separate router and modem.
| | 01:59 | Now, there are two main ways for
your devices to connect to a network:
| | 02:03 | wired connections and wireless connections.
| | 02:05 | Wired connections involve cables
that look like this, commonly called
| | 02:08 | Ethernet connections.
| | 02:10 | The advantage of a wired connection is it
requires very little setup or configuration.
| | 02:14 | For the most part, you just plug one end
of the cable into your router, plug the
| | 02:17 | other end into your computer, adjust
and check your settings, and you are
| | 02:20 | immediately connected to
your network and the Internet.
| | 02:23 | Wireless connections, often called Wi-
Fi connections, usually involve a little
| | 02:27 | more setup, but offer the advantage
of freeing your device from cables, and
| | 02:30 | allowing you to connect to your
network and the Internet from anywhere within
| | 02:33 | the range of the wireless signal.
| | 02:35 | That's another important point.
| | 02:36 | In order to broadcast a Wi-Fi signal,
you must have a Wi-Fi-enabled router.
| | 02:40 | But most Internet service
providers today give you routers with Wi-Fi
| | 02:44 | capabilities, and you can also
purchase Wi-Fi routers inexpensively in
| | 02:48 | any computer store.
| | 02:49 | So in this chapter, we are going to look
at how to connect to a network both via
| | 02:52 | Ethernet and Wi-Fi, and we will also
talk more about how to connect to the
| | 02:56 | Internet through your network.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Connecting to wired network| 00:00 | In this video, we are going to look at
how to connect your Mac to a network via a
| | 00:03 | wired Ethernet connection.
| | 00:05 | Now this assumes that your network
has already been set up in your home,
| | 00:08 | office, or classroom.
| | 00:09 | If you are connecting to your home
network, you are most likely just going to
| | 00:12 | run an Ethernet cable from your
Mac directly into your router.
| | 00:15 | If you are connecting in an office or
classroom environment, chances are you
| | 00:18 | will be running an Ethernet cable from
your Mac into an Ethernet port in the
| | 00:21 | wall, or some other fixture, which
in turn connects to your network.
| | 00:24 | In any case, the important thing is
that you have to have a cable running from
| | 00:26 | whatever the source of your network
connection is into the Ethernet port on your Mac.
| | 00:30 | All Macs, with the exception of
the MacBook Air, have Ethernet ports.
| | 00:35 | Once you have your Mac connected to
your network via Ethernet, chances are you
| | 00:38 | are already on your network,
and your so-called setup is done.
| | 00:40 | You should be able to connect to
other computers on your network, as well as
| | 00:43 | the Internet, if Internet service is
connected to your router, but let's take a
| | 00:47 | look at some settings.
| | 00:48 | Go to the Apple menu and open System
Preferences, and then click Network, and
| | 00:55 | here I can see I already have a green
light next to Ethernet, telling me I am
| | 00:57 | connected to my network.
| | 00:59 | To the right, I can see my Network
Settings, and I want to draw your attention
| | 01:03 | to the menu labeled Configure IPv4.
| | 01:07 | Notice that this menu is
currently set to Using DHCP.
| | 01:10 | DHCP is the most common setting for
connecting a computer to a home or office network.
| | 01:14 | The D in DHCP stands for Dynamic, and
it means that you are going to let the
| | 01:18 | router assign an IP, or Internet
Protocol address, to your computer.
| | 01:23 | Each computer or device on your network
has its own unique address, kind of like
| | 01:26 | how every house in your
neighborhood has its own unique address.
| | 01:29 | That way, the router knows which
computer is which, and is able to send and
| | 01:32 | receive data to and from the right computers.
| | 01:35 | You do have other options in this menu,
such as Manually or BootP, but again the
| | 01:39 | most common configuration, by
far, is going to be Using DHCP.
| | 01:43 | If you need to select another setting,
you are most likely be informed of this
| | 01:46 | by your network administrator, who
will probably set it up for you too.
| | 01:49 | So the address of my computer has been
assigned in this case is 10.1.10.182.
| | 01:55 | Generally, all the devices on your
network will have the same first three numbers;
| | 01:58 | in this case, 10.1.10, and the last
number, 182 in this case, will be the unique
| | 02:04 | identifier for each computer.
| | 02:06 | In most cases, you are not going to need
to know your computer's IP address, but
| | 02:09 | just in case you ever do need it,
this is where you will find it.
| | 02:12 | You will even have less need to know any
of the other information here, like the
| | 02:14 | Subnet Mask or the Router Address, but
you can see that the Router Address also
| | 02:18 | starts with 10.1.10 in this case.
| | 02:21 | But again, all this information is found in
this one location if you ever do need it.
| | 02:24 | Really though, all you need to know
in the majority of cases is to set your
| | 02:27 | configuration menu to using
DHCP, which is the default anyway.
| | 02:31 | So once you plug your Ethernet cable
into your Mac, you should immediately be
| | 02:34 | connected to your network.
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| Connecting to wireless networks| 00:00 | A wireless network is a network to which
properly-equipped computers can connect
| | 00:04 | via radio signal instead of physical cables.
| | 00:07 | Wireless networks are commonly
called Wi-Fi networks, and are usually the
| | 00:10 | main way for laptop users to connect to the
Internet when out and about with their computers.
| | 00:14 | Like a regular wired network, a Wi-Fi
network does not necessarily have to offer
| | 00:18 | Internet access, although Internet
access is probably the most common reason
| | 00:21 | people set up Wi-Fi networks.
| | 00:22 | These days, you can find wireless
Internet or Wi-Fi signals just about anywhere:
| | 00:26 | in homes, offices, hotels, and restaurants.
| | 00:29 | All you need to connect to a Wi-Fi
network is a Mac with Wi-Fi capabilities,
| | 00:33 | although in Macs Wi-Fi is referred as
AirPort, but they'll work with any Wi-Fi network.
| | 00:37 | One thing to bear in mind is that
most wireless networks are often password-
| | 00:40 | protected, or in the case of Wi-Fi
networks you find in restaurants or hotels,
| | 00:44 | you often have to pay to
access their Wi-Fi network.
| | 00:46 | So even though you may have the
hardware to connect to a wireless network, you
| | 00:49 | might be limited by
password protection or by fees.
| | 00:52 | In the case of connecting to your own
personal wireless network, you'll know any
| | 00:55 | passwords you've set up.
| | 00:56 | And if you need to get on your work or
school's Wi-Fi network, you should be
| | 00:59 | provided with the necessary passwords.
| | 01:01 | All current Macs come with AirPort
abilities built-in, with the exception of the
| | 01:04 | Mac Pro in which AirPort is an option.
| | 01:06 | Apple's Notebook Macs are probably the
most commonly used Macs for connecting
| | 01:09 | to a wireless network.
| | 01:11 | If you have a desktop Mac and you have
the choice, you should opt to connect to
| | 01:14 | your network via Ethernet rather that
AirPort, since a wire connection is
| | 01:17 | usually more consistent and stable,
generally more secure, and also allows you
| | 01:21 | to transfer files between other wired
computers at a much faster speed than
| | 01:24 | wireless connections.
| | 01:25 | So to connect to a nearby wireless network,
first make sure your AirPort card is turned on.
| | 01:30 | Check to see if you have the
AirPort icon in your Menu bar.
| | 01:32 | If it looks the way mine
does, it's currently off.
| | 01:35 | Just click it and choose Turn AirPort On.
| | 01:39 | First, your Mac will scan to see if
it detects any Wi-Fi networks you've
| | 01:42 | previously connected to.
| | 01:43 | If it finds the one, it will reconnect,
and you'll be online in a matter of seconds.
| | 01:47 | If it doesn't detect any previous
networks, you can click the icon again to
| | 01:51 | see a list of all the networks it's
detected, and then you can choose the one
| | 01:54 | you need to connect to.
| | 01:55 | Any network with a Lock icon next to it
is password-protected, and you can see
| | 01:59 | in this case all of these
networks as found are password-protected.
| | 02:02 | So you won't be able to connect to
these networks without a correct password.
| | 02:05 | You can also get a sense of the
relative signal strength of each network by
| | 02:08 | looking at the Wi-Fi icon next to its name.
| | 02:10 | In my case, here the lyndaeast_
wireless network is definitely the strongest.
| | 02:14 | So to join a network, just click it, and
if it's password protected, you'll need
| | 02:18 | to type in the password.
| | 02:19 | I am leaving Remember this network
checked so I won't have to log in again the
| | 02:24 | next time my Mac detects this network.
| | 02:25 | I'll click OK and that's it.
| | 02:28 | I can see that I am now connected to the
Wi-Fi network by looking at the AirPort
| | 02:31 | icon in my Menu bar.
| | 02:32 | You can see there is a
check next to its name now.
| | 02:35 | Now, if you don't have the AirPort icon
in your Menu bar, click the Apple menu
| | 02:39 | and go to System
Preferences. Then click Network.
| | 02:43 | Select AirPort in the left-hand
column and make sure Show AirPort status in
| | 02:48 | Menu bar is checked.
| | 02:49 | Now, as I mentioned previously, once
you are connected to a network, your Mac
| | 02:52 | will remember it and reconnect
anytime you are within range of that network.
| | 02:55 | That way you don't have to hunt for the
network and type in your password each time.
| | 02:59 | If for some reason you don't want
your Mac to remember certain networks it's
| | 03:01 | connected to in the past,
click the Advanced button.
| | 03:06 | Here, under the AirPort tab, you'll
find a list of all the networks you've
| | 03:09 | recently connected to.
| | 03:10 | You can select one and click the Minus button.
| | 03:12 | I really only have the one in here.
| | 03:13 | Also, note that you can drag
networks into the order you prefer.
| | 03:16 | So if you have multiple networks
listed in here, you can drag them up and
| | 03:19 | down top arrange them.
| | 03:21 | This is useful if you are working in an
office that has several Wi-Fi networks,
| | 03:24 | and you want to make sure your Mac
connects to the right one, and again, just
| | 03:26 | drag your networks up and down in the list.
| | 03:28 | I am going to go ahead and click OK,
and I'll close System Preferences.
| | 03:32 | Now, if you are out in a hotel lobby
or in a coffee shop that charges for
| | 03:36 | Wi-Fi connections, once you connect to
the Wi-Fi network and try to browse to
| | 03:40 | a web page, you'll be redirected to a
page in which you'll be asked to submit
| | 03:43 | your credit card information, or your room
number in some hotels, before you can proceed.
| | 03:48 | When you come across Wi-Fi
networks like that, just follow the
| | 03:50 | onscreen instructions.
| | 03:51 | But for the most part, connecting to a
wireless network from a Mac is a simple
| | 03:55 | matter of selecting a network from the
AirPort icon in the Menu bar and entering
| | 03:58 | a password if necessary.
| | 04:00 | Once you've done that, you'll be
connected to your wireless network.
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| Working in a networked environment| 00:00 | When most people think of having
their computer on a network, they probably
| | 00:03 | associate it with being
connected to the Internet.
| | 00:06 | And while Internet access is a common
and important use of a home or office
| | 00:09 | network, the other major purpose of a
network is to allow the computers on the
| | 00:12 | network to communicate with each other
in terms of sharing files and resources.
| | 00:16 | So in this movie, I want to briefly go
over some common tasks you might perform
| | 00:19 | on your network other
than accessing the Internet.
| | 00:21 | This is going to be a fairly general
overview, as there are many types of network
| | 00:24 | configurations and setups
you might find yourself on.
| | 00:27 | What you are allowed to do on your
network is often controlled it by your network
| | 00:30 | administrator, so you might find you
don't have the ability to perform some of
| | 00:33 | the things I am going to be showing you here.
| | 00:34 | Let's start with the idea of
sharing files between networked computers.
| | 00:38 | This is a really convenient feature of
networks because you can transfer files
| | 00:41 | without having to first copy them to a
disc, or some kind of portable storage
| | 00:44 | device, which you then have to put into
the receiving computer to copy the files to.
| | 00:48 | Over a network, you can simply
transfer the files directly from computer to
| | 00:51 | computer, and this is particularly
useful if the files you have to share are
| | 00:54 | large and won't fit on portable drives or discs.
| | 00:56 | Now, of course, it doesn't make sense to open
up your entire computer to your whole network.
| | 01:01 | Most likely, you have files and folders
you don't want other people getting into.
| | 01:04 | So, by default, the ability for others
to access your computer over a network is
| | 01:07 | turned off, or severely limited.
| | 01:09 | You need to allow access to your Mac
before others can copy files to it.
| | 01:13 | So let's take a look at how to do this.
| | 01:14 | Start by going to the Apple menu
and choosing System Preferences.
| | 01:19 | And the majority of the controls for
allowing access to your computer are going
| | 01:22 | to be found under the Sharing Preferences.
| | 01:25 | To allow other Macs to connect to
your Mac, you want to make sure File
| | 01:27 | Sharing is checked.
| | 01:29 | This will allow others to access your
shared folders, which are folders you
| | 01:32 | designate as being available to
other people who connect to your Mac.
| | 01:35 | Generally your Public folder, found in
your Home folder, is a shared folder into
| | 01:39 | which other people can
drop files for you to receive.
| | 01:42 | You can add or remove shared folders
by clicking the Plus and Minus buttons.
| | 01:45 | And we'll see how to connect to a
shared folder in just a little bit.
| | 01:48 | Now, to allow Windows users to
connect to your Mac, you have to first click
| | 01:52 | Options and then check Share
files and folders using SMB.
| | 01:57 | SMB is a language used by Windows.
| | 01:59 | Notice that share files and
folders using AFP is on by default.
| | 02:03 | That's the default language Macs
used to communicate with each other.
| | 02:06 | And by turning File Sharing on, this
option automatically comes on. I'll click Done.
| | 02:12 | Now, there are options you can set
to allow specific users access to your
| | 02:15 | files, but that's a little more advanced,
and you are most likely want to check
| | 02:18 | with your network administrator to see
what you are allowed to do, or have
| | 02:21 | them set it up for you.
| | 02:22 | But for now, just know that this is
where you come to turn on File Sharing.
| | 02:26 | Other popular sharing options you'll
find here are Printer and Scanner Sharing.
| | 02:29 | By turning these options on, printers or
scanners connected directly to your Mac
| | 02:33 | become available to other
users over your network.
| | 02:36 | As long as your Mac is on, other users
on both Macs and PCs should be able to
| | 02:40 | see your printer and scanner
and use them over the network.
| | 02:43 | This is especially convenient in a household
with multiple computers and only one printer.
| | 02:47 | Just set up Printer Sharing on your
Mac, and all the other people in house can
| | 02:50 | print to the printer from their computers.
| | 02:53 | Other popular sharing features can
include Screen Sharing, which lets other
| | 02:56 | users see exactly what's on your Mac screen.
| | 02:59 | Currently, I am being told that
Screen Sharing is being controlled by the
| | 03:01 | Remote Management service.
| | 03:02 | So if you want to allow Screen Sharing,
you have to turn off Remote Management.
| | 03:07 | Remote Management is a feature that
works over the network as well, in which
| | 03:10 | other Mac users using a program called
Apple Remote Desktop can see and control
| | 03:14 | your computer over the network.
| | 03:16 | This is more for
administrative use in most cases.
| | 03:18 | If you want to allow another regular
user on your network to see your screen,
| | 03:22 | you can turn on Screen Sharing.
| | 03:24 | Internet Sharing is a great feature too.
| | 03:26 | Maybe you are somewhere where the only
Internet connection is through a single
| | 03:29 | Ethernet cable connected to a modem.
| | 03:31 | You can connect your Mac to the modem
and then broadcast the Internet connection
| | 03:34 | through your AirPort card.
| | 03:35 | So I could see here I could say, I am
going to share my Internet connection from
| | 03:38 | Ethernet 1, and I am going to share it
to other computers using my AirPort card.
| | 03:41 | I'll just check Internet
Sharing to turn that on.
| | 03:44 | The AirPort card itself has
to be on, so I'll click Turn On.
| | 03:47 | I'll conform that I do want to
start Internet sharing, and there it is.
| | 03:51 | So what I have essentially done here
is I've created my own Wi-Fi network.
| | 03:54 | So I am broadcasting the Internet
connection that I am getting through my
| | 03:57 | Ethernet cable out through my AirPort
card, so now that other people whether
| | 04:00 | they are on Macs or PCs, as long as
they have Wi-Fi capable computers, can now
| | 04:04 | connect to the network I
created for Internet access.
| | 04:07 | So those are just some of the
options that are available to you when
| | 04:09 | connected to a network.
| | 04:10 | Now let's see what file sharing
looks like from the other end.
| | 04:12 | I am going to go ahead and
close System Preferences.
| | 04:15 | Let's say I want to connect to another
computer on my network that's been set up
| | 04:19 | for file sharing the same way I
just set up my Mac for file sharing.
| | 04:22 | From my Mac's finder, I am going to
go to the Go menu and choose Network.
| | 04:28 | This opens a window showing me all the
computers my Mac has found on the network.
| | 04:32 | To access any of these
computers, I just double-click it.
| | 04:35 | Again, you'll only be able to access a
computer if File Sharing has been enabled on it.
| | 04:40 | If File Sharing is been enabled, you
don't need to enter your username or
| | 04:42 | password, and you will automatically be
able to open any of the public folders in
| | 04:46 | any user's home folder.
| | 04:47 | So, if you want to make files available
to other people on your network, you can
| | 04:52 | just put them in your Home > Public folder.
| | 04:53 | And I can see that by going to my
Home folder, and here's my Public folder,
| | 05:00 | just to show you what that looks like,
This is what my Public folder looks like,
| | 05:03 | and I have a folder in here called For Brent.
| | 05:05 | Brent is somebody on my network, and I
wanted to drop a file in there for him so
| | 05:08 | I put it in my Public folder,
which is a shared folder.
| | 05:12 | Now in each person's Public
folder, there is also a Drop Box.
| | 05:15 | This is where users who connect to your
computer can place files they want you to have.
| | 05:19 | Now they can't open and view the
contents of the Drop Box folders though;
| | 05:22 | they can only place files into it.
| | 05:23 | If I try to open this Public folder, it
says I can't see the contents because I
| | 05:27 | don't have permission.
| | 05:29 | But you as the owner of a Drop Box can
look in your Drop Box to see what files
| | 05:32 | other people have left there for you.
| | 05:34 | Let me go and select the
computer that I just connected to again.
| | 05:37 | Now if you do have an account on the
Mac you are connecting to, you can click
| | 05:40 | the Connect As button to log in.
| | 05:42 | So I am logging in as a Registered
User because I do have an account on this
| | 05:47 | computer that I am logging into.
| | 05:50 | Logging in gives you access to
everything under that user account.
| | 05:52 | So this is really convenient if you
want to move files to some place other
| | 05:55 | than your Public folder.
| | 05:57 | So for instance, right now, I am
connecting to my MacBook Pro that's sitting in
| | 05:59 | my office in another part of the building.
| | 06:02 | Because I logged in, I am not limited to
just going into a Public folder on my computer.
| | 06:05 | I can log into my Home folder from here, as well.
| | 06:07 | So, that gives you an idea of some of
the things you can do with your network
| | 06:12 | once your Mac and other
computers are connected to it.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Staying protected from viruses| 00:00 | You're probably already aware of the
existence of malicious programs called
| | 00:03 | viruses, and the importance of
keeping your computer protected from them.
| | 00:07 | Viruses, or malware, as they are often
referred to, are often created with the
| | 00:11 | intent of stealing information from your
computer, or sometimes just to mess with
| | 00:14 | your computer by erasing important files.
| | 00:17 | Fortunately as a Mac user, you don't
have nearly as much to be concerned about
| | 00:20 | as your Windows-using counterparts.
| | 00:22 | It's difficult to infect a Mac with a
virus, and since Mac's have a much smaller
| | 00:25 | user base than Windows, the cretins
who create viruses generally keep their
| | 00:29 | focus on the larger group.
| | 00:30 | Now that's said, there have been some
demonstrations at how to infect Macs with viruses.
| | 00:35 | But these really involve tricking the
Mac user into downloading and installing
| | 00:38 | software containing a virus.
| | 00:39 | So while you don't have to worry as much
about malicious software being installed
| | 00:43 | through a web site, like Windows
users do, you still have to remain vigilant
| | 00:46 | and not install software from
an untrusted or unknown source.
| | 00:49 | Also, as general rule, don't open
attachments or click links in e-mails from
| | 00:53 | people you don't know either.
| | 00:54 | And just because it's difficult to
infect a Mac with a virus, it doesn't mean
| | 00:57 | you can't be carrier.
| | 00:58 | If someone sends you an e-mail with a
Windows virus and you forward it to a
| | 01:02 | Windows user, you've played your part
in infecting that person's computer.
| | 01:05 | Now that said, antivirus
software for the Mac does exist.
| | 01:08 | But from most reports, the majority of
Mac users don't use antivirus software.
| | 01:13 | That choice is yours, of course, but as
long as you don't click unknown links or
| | 01:16 | install software from an unknown source,
including pirated versions of popular
| | 01:19 | software, you should be able to stay virus free.
| | 01:22 | Your Mac even warns you for the
first time you try to run newly installed
| | 01:25 | software, and asks you to be sure that
you trust the source of that software.
| | 01:28 | So keep those tips in mind, and you
shouldn't have any trouble with viruses or
| | 01:32 | malware on your Mac.
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|
|
6. Introduction to EmailUnderstanding email servers and clients| 00:00 | If you are using a computer with an
Internet connection, you almost certainly
| | 00:03 | have acquired, or have
been given an e-mail address.
| | 00:06 | So in this chapter, we are going to
be looking at the basics of e-mailing.
| | 00:10 | Let's start with a quick overview
of what e-mail is and how it works.
| | 00:13 | Emails are electronic text-based
messages you can send and receive either
| | 00:16 | through the web site of your e-mail
hosting service, or through a dedicated
| | 00:20 | e-mail software program called an e-mail client.
| | 00:23 | When you want to send an e-mail to some one,
you need to know his or her e-mail address.
| | 00:27 | Then you compose a message using
your e-mail client, or through your
| | 00:29 | e-mail provider's web site.
| | 00:31 | Your e-mail can be plain text, but you
can also include attachments like photos
| | 00:35 | and short audio or video files.
| | 00:36 | When you're done composing your e-mail,
you click Send, which sends your e-mail
| | 00:40 | through your e-mail provider's server.
| | 00:42 | Your e-mail service provider's server
looks the address of your recipient to
| | 00:45 | figure out where to send it next.
| | 00:47 | Your e-mail is then sent to your
recipient's e-mail hosting service and stored
| | 00:50 | there, until your recipient downloads
the e-mail into his or her own e-mail
| | 00:53 | client, or reads it from a web browser.
| | 00:55 | Once you click Send, it can be just a
matter of seconds before your e-mail
| | 00:58 | arrives at your recipients e-mail server.
| | 01:00 | Now whether this e-mail is then read
right away depends up whether your recipient
| | 01:04 | is sitting in front of his or her
computer at the time, or has access to some
| | 01:07 | portable e-mail capable
device, like a Smart Phone.
| | 01:10 | And that's a very basic
description of how e-mail works.
| | 01:12 | Both you and your recipient have
to have your own e-mail addresses.
| | 01:16 | Usually your work or school
will provide you with an address.
| | 01:19 | If you're at home, your Internet service
provider will give you an e-mail address.
| | 01:22 | Or you can also sign up for free
e-mail addresses from services like Google's
| | 01:25 | Gmail, Microsoft's Hotmail or Yahoo!Mail.
| | 01:29 | You can also have and manage as
many e-mail address as you wish.
| | 01:32 | Some people like to keep their work
and personal e-mail separate, and that's
| | 01:35 | generally a good idea.
| | 01:36 | You probably don't want personal
messages going to work's e-mail address.
| | 01:39 | Many companies have policies in place
stating that any e-mail that goes through
| | 01:43 | their servers are their property and
can be reviewed by them at anytime.
| | 01:46 | Also, if you were to change jobs, you
probably loose access to the e-mails that
| | 01:49 | came to your work address.
| | 01:51 | Personally, I prefer a free e-mail
service like Gmail, which isn't tied to a
| | 01:54 | work or Internet service provider,
because you might find your self
| | 01:57 | switching Internet providers at some
time, and you'd have to again change
| | 02:00 | your address, and you might loose your
old e-mails that you received through
| | 02:03 | your service provider.
| | 02:05 | Okay so those are some basic things
thing to know and keep in mind about e-mail.
| | 02:08 | We'll get in to more specific
topics in the rest of this chapter.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Setting up your email application| 00:00 | There are two basic ways to access your e-mail:
| | 00:02 | either through your e-mail provider's
web site - for example, you could go
| | 00:05 | to gmail.com in your web browser to
access your Gmail e-mail - or you can use
| | 00:10 | one of several available e-mail
applications to download, read, write and
| | 00:13 | manage your e-mail.
| | 00:15 | These e-mail application are
referred to as e-mail clients.
| | 00:18 | If you chose to go to the web based e-mail
route, there is very little you need to set up.
| | 00:22 | Just go to your e-mail services web site
and log in with your Username and Password.
| | 00:26 | And this doesn't just apply to free
e-mail services like Gmail or Yahoo!
| | 00:29 | Mail. Many businesses and schools
offer their employees and students web
| | 00:32 | access to their e-mail.
| | 00:34 | The advantage is that it's very easy
to get to your e-mail from any computer
| | 00:37 | with an Internet connection.
| | 00:39 | The down side is that you have to be
online to read and compose your e-mails. So
| | 00:42 | many people prefer to use e-mail
clients because it offers the ability to view
| | 00:45 | your old e-mails and compose new
messages without having to be online.
| | 00:49 | So if you were on a plane with no
Internet access, for example, you could still
| | 00:52 | review the e-mails you've previously
received and write new e-mails to be sent,
| | 00:55 | once you land and get back online.
| | 00:57 | If you only use the web-based mail,
you wouldn't have access to any of your
| | 01:00 | received e-mails, and you'd have to use
a word processor to compose new e-mails
| | 01:04 | and then copy and paste them into
your web mail once you got back online.
| | 01:07 | So if e-mail is a big part of your day-
to-day activities, it makes sense to set
| | 01:10 | up an e-mail client.
| | 01:11 | Now there are several choices of
clients out there for both Macs and PCs.
| | 01:14 | Mac OS X comes with its mail
application built-in, but you'll also find clients
| | 01:19 | like Microsoft Entourage or
Mozilla Thunderbird for Macs as well.
| | 01:22 | Windows has Windows Mail, but many people
use Outlook, or Outlook Express, or Thunderbird.
| | 01:27 | Regardless of which e-mail client
you end up using, you still need to
| | 01:29 | understand and use specific information in order to
set up your e-mail through your choice of client.
| | 01:34 | Let's take a look at the basics.
| | 01:36 | First, there are two main types
of e-mail systems: POP and IMAP.
| | 01:39 | POP is the most common type of e-mail
service used by Internet hosting service
| | 01:43 | providers, and it basically works like this.
| | 01:46 | Email that's sent to your account
is stored on your e-mail service's
| | 01:49 | server until your e-mail client notices the
new message and downloads it off the server.
| | 01:54 | Once the message has been downloaded
from the server, it's usually deleted from
| | 01:57 | the server anywhere from
immediately to within one or two weeks.
| | 02:01 | At that point, the only of the e-
mail is found on your computer.
| | 02:04 | The problem with POP e-mail is if you
use more than one computer or device
| | 02:08 | to check your e-mail,
| | 02:09 | you may end up with some messages
on one computer and other messages
| | 02:12 | on another computer.
| | 02:13 | And if you're like most people these
days, you'll probably have more than one
| | 02:16 | device that you receive
e-mail on like your phone.
| | 02:18 | For this reason, most e-mail service
providers also offer and recommend using
| | 02:22 | IMAP e-mail service.
| | 02:24 | Unlike POP e-mail, IMAP e-mail
is all kept and managed online.
| | 02:28 | So if you read a new incoming message
on your computer, for example, your
| | 02:31 | phone will still download a
copy of the message as well.
| | 02:34 | With IMAP e-mail, both received and sent
messages will remain synced across your
| | 02:37 | devices, and you'll have access to
all of your messages, regardless of which
| | 02:41 | device you're using.
| | 02:42 | So like I said, many e-mail
providers have both POP and IMAP services
| | 02:45 | available these days.
| | 02:46 | So if you have a choice,
I definitely recommend going with IMAP.
| | 02:50 | So the first step of setting up an e-mail
client is to decide if you want POP or IMAP.
| | 02:54 | Next, you'll need you username and password.
| | 02:57 | Your e-mail service, your work, or
your school will provide these to you.
| | 03:00 | In many cases, you'll be able to
create your own username and password.
| | 03:03 | You'll also need to know your
incoming and outgoing mail servers.
| | 03:07 | This is the unique address that lets
your e-mail client know where to find your
| | 03:09 | e-mail server so it can
download and send messages.
| | 03:12 | Incoming servers often take the form of
addresses like imap.gmail.com or mail.lynda.com,
| | 03:18 | while outgoing mail servers usually begin
with the prefix of SMTP as in smtp.gmail.com.
| | 03:26 | SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol, not that you need to know that,
| | 03:29 | but it's the most common
outgoing server address.
| | 03:32 | Now where you enter this information is going
to vary from e-mail client to e-mail client.
| | 03:36 | Most modern e-mail clients have a setup
assistant that works you through setting
| | 03:39 | up your e-mail with a series of questions.
| | 03:41 | If you have e-mail service through a
fairly common provider, you may find that
| | 03:44 | your e-mail client is able to fill out
all the server information for you, and
| | 03:48 | that you will only need to
provide your username and password.
| | 03:51 | If you have a less common
provider, you may have to enter the
| | 03:53 | information manually.
| | 03:54 | Just know that all the necessary
information to set up your e-mail will be
| | 03:57 | provided to you by your e-mail service.
| | 04:00 | So that's the basics of what you
need to know to set up an e-mail client.
| | 04:03 | Again, if you are using web-based mail,
you don't need to know any thing about
| | 04:06 | incoming or outgoing servers, just
log in with your username and password.
| | 04:10 | But if you spend a lot of time with
e-mail, you should definitely start using
| | 04:13 | an e-mail client.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Receiving and reading email| 00:00 | In this movie, I'd like to touch on the
basics of receiving and reading e-mail.
| | 00:04 | In the previous movie, we learned about
the path an e-mail follows to get from
| | 00:07 | the sender's computer to the recipient's.
| | 00:09 | Now, once an e-mail arrives on your
computer, depending on the e-mail client
| | 00:11 | you're using, there are usually a
couple of options available for reading and
| | 00:15 | managing your messages.
| | 00:16 | Now, for this example I'm using Mac
OS X's mail program, but pretty much
| | 00:20 | everything I'll show you here
applies to other e-mail clients as well.
| | 00:22 | So, first of all, when new e-mail
arrives, it usually ends up in your Inbox
| | 00:26 | by default, and you usually see some
notification of how many new messages you have.
| | 00:31 | With your Inbox selected, you
can browse through your messages.
| | 00:34 | To read a message, just click it once.
| | 00:36 | Most e-mail clients have a split window
like this in which you can see your list
| | 00:39 | of messages in one pane and read
the selected message in another pane.
| | 00:43 | In most cases, you can also double-
click a message to open it in its own
| | 00:46 | window, which can be useful if it's a long
message and you want more space in which to read it.
| | 00:50 | I'll go ahead and close that.
| | 00:54 | Now, if a message is something
important, or something you want to get back to
| | 00:56 | later, one of the options you have is
to mark it by clicking the Flag button,
| | 01:00 | which you can see puts a
little flag next to the message.
| | 01:03 | I'm going to turn that off for the
moment, or alternately, you might want to mark
| | 01:07 | the message as unread, which keeps the
message highlighted as an unread message,
| | 01:14 | so you remember to get back to it later.
| | 01:16 | All e-mail clients also let you
create folders to further organize your
| | 01:20 | messages if you like.
| | 01:21 | In OS X Mail, you choose Mailbox > New
Mailbox. In other clients it might be File
| | 01:27 | > New Folder, or something like that,
but the end result is you're creating a
| | 01:31 | folder into which you can drag
related files to keep them organized.
| | 01:34 | For example, maybe On My Mac, I want to
create a folder called Work, to keep all
| | 01:39 | my work-related e-mail messages together.
| | 01:40 | You can see now I have that folder
sitting here in Mail, and then I can just
| | 01:45 | drag messages into that folder.
| | 01:47 | Now, along those lines, all e-mail clients
also allow you to create what are called Rules.
| | 01:52 | In Mail you go to Mail Preferences > Rules.
| | 01:55 | When you create a Rule, you're setting
up parameters for your e-mail client to
| | 01:59 | automatically check out incoming messages.
| | 02:01 | For instance, you could create a rule
that all e-mails from your boss's e-mail
| | 02:04 | address get automatically
moved into your Work folder.
| | 02:07 | The steps for creating rules vary from
client to client, but you should be able
| | 02:11 | to find instructions for
creating them in the client's help file.
| | 02:15 | So, those are just a couple of
things to keep in mind about receiving and
| | 02:18 | reading your incoming e-mail messages.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Composing new email messages| 00:00 | There are basically three ways
to compose a new e-mail message.
| | 00:03 | You can create one from scratch, you can
reply to an e-mail you've received, or
| | 00:07 | you can forward a message you
received to another recipient.
| | 00:10 | Let's start by taking a look at
creating an e-mail from scratch.
| | 00:13 | In just about all e-mail clients, you'll click
a button labeled New Message, or New, or Compose.
| | 00:19 | This opens the New Message window.
| | 00:21 | Now, you can fill out the fields in
here in any order, but let's work our
| | 00:24 | way down from the top.
| | 00:26 | In the To field, you'll enter the
e-mail address of the person or people you
| | 00:29 | want to send this message to.
| | 00:31 | Your e-mail can have any number
of recipients in the To field.
| | 00:34 | In all e-mail clients, you separate
the e-mail addresses with a comma.
| | 00:37 | Now, as a general rule of etiquette, you
should only use the To field for people
| | 00:44 | whom the message is directly addressing.
| | 00:45 | For example, if you're sending out
maybe a party invitation, you can put all of
| | 00:49 | your guests in the To field.
| | 00:50 | Just realize that each recipient of
your e-mail will be able to see the
| | 00:53 | addresses of all the other
people you've sent the e-mail to.
| | 00:55 | I'll tell you how to
prevent this in just a moment.
| | 00:58 | If you want to send an e-mail to
multiple people, but you're only sending the
| | 01:00 | e-mail to one or more of the
recipients as kind of an FYI, you should put the main
| | 01:04 | recipient's address in the To field and the
secondary recipient's address in the Cc field.
| | 01:09 | Cc stands for Carbon Copy.
| | 01:11 | So, for example, maybe you're
sending an e-mail to answer a customer's
| | 01:14 | question, and you want to make sure your
supervisor sees that you sent that e-mail.
| | 01:17 | You would put the customer's address
in the To field and your supervisor's
| | 01:20 | address in the Cc field.
| | 01:23 | Note that the customer would also then
see that you sent a copy of the e-mail
| | 01:26 | to your supervisor.
| | 01:27 | Now, if you don't want your
recipient to see who else received a copy of
| | 01:30 | the e-mail you're sending, put all of their
addresses in the Bcc, or Blind Carbon Copy field.
| | 01:35 | In some e-mail clients, like Mac Mail here,
the Bcc field is not visible by default.
| | 01:40 | So you may have to hunt around to find the
menu to add it to the message you're composing.
| | 01:43 | So in the case of Mac Mail, I click this
menu and choose Bcc Address Field, which
| | 01:50 | gives me the Bcc field.
| | 01:51 | The Bcc field is useful when you need
to send an e-mail to a large number of
| | 01:54 | recipients, maybe you have several
dozen customers on a mailing list, and it's
| | 01:58 | considered very poor e-mail
etiquette to reveal the e-mail addresses of
| | 02:01 | strangers to each other.
| | 02:02 | So, if you wanted to let the people
in your mailing list know about a new
| | 02:05 | product or service, you could put
all of the addresses in the Bcc field.
| | 02:10 | So when someone receives an e-mail in
which they've been Bcc'ed on, they'll
| | 02:13 | only see your address as the sender,
and the other recipients of the e-mail
| | 02:16 | won't be visible to them.
| | 02:17 | Now, with some e-mail clients you might
still have to place an address in the To
| | 02:21 | field, even though you just want to put
everybody in the Bcc field, in which case
| | 02:24 | you can just put your own
address in the To field.
| | 02:27 | Next, you should enter a
subject for your e-mail.
| | 02:29 | Many people tend to leave the Subject
field blank, but it's always a good idea
| | 02:32 | to sum up the point of your
e-mail with a short phrase.
| | 02:35 | First of all, it lets your recipients
know what you are e-mailing them about
| | 02:38 | right off the bat, and secondly, if
they go to search for your e-mail later on,
| | 02:41 | they'll have a better chance of finding it
if you use a good, descriptive subject line.
| | 02:48 | And after that, it's just a
matter of composing your e-mail.
| | 02:50 | Just click in the body of the
message window and type out your message.
| | 02:58 | Now, in most cases, you'll just be
typing plain text with no kind of formatting
| | 03:01 | like bold, italics or color, and while
many e-mail clients will let you format
| | 03:06 | your e-mails almost like a Word
processing document, I recommend sticking with
| | 03:09 | plain text if you can.
| | 03:11 | Because there are so many different
e-mail clients and no guarantees that your
| | 03:14 | e-mail will look the same on your
recipient's computer as you intended, I don't
| | 03:17 | think it's worth the time and effort to
send a formatted e-mail, also known as
| | 03:20 | HTML e-mail, in most cases.
| | 03:22 | Now, if you're running a business, and
you need to include product images and
| | 03:26 | prices all laid out nicely, then yes,
HTML e-mail is probably a good way to go.
| | 03:30 | But personal e-mail messages don't
really need that kind of laying out or
| | 03:33 | design most of the time.
| | 03:35 | Just finish off my message here.
And once you're done typing your message, you
| | 03:41 | want to read through it to check
for typos and to make sure you've said
| | 03:44 | everything you need to say.
| | 03:45 | If you need to attach any files like
photos, or PDF documents, or maybe even a
| | 03:49 | short audio or video clip, look for and
click the Attach button, which will let
| | 03:53 | you browse to the file that you want to attach.
| | 03:54 | I don't need to attach any files in
this case, so I'll just click Cancel.
| | 03:59 | Also, be aware that many e-mail
service providers limit the size of files you
| | 04:02 | can send and receive over e-mail.
| | 04:04 | So if the file you attach is too
large for either your, or your recipient's
| | 04:08 | e-mail server, your e-mail
might get sent back to you.
| | 04:11 | But if everything looks good, just go
ahead and click Send, and that's all there
| | 04:14 | is to composing an e-mail from scratch.
| | 04:17 | Now, another way to create a new
message is to reply to an e-mail.
| | 04:20 | You reply when someone has sent you an
e-mail and you want to respond directly
| | 04:24 | to him or her with a message
related to the one they sent you.
| | 04:27 | Just select the message and
then click the Reply button.
| | 04:31 | In most cases, this opens a new message
that includes a copy of the e-mail you
| | 04:34 | received for reference.
| | 04:36 | Everything else in this message
window is pretty much the same, except you
| | 04:38 | don't have to fill in the To field,
because you're replying, and the e-mail
| | 04:42 | client will automatically fill this
field out with the address of the person or
| | 04:45 | people you're replying to.
| | 04:47 | If necessary you can Cc or Bcc other
people when replying to an e-mail message,
| | 04:51 | and generally you don't change the
Subject field when replying to a message.
| | 04:54 | You want to leave it as is so your
recipients can see that you're replying to
| | 04:57 | the message they sent you.
| | 04:59 | Then it's just a matter of typing out
your message and then sending it off.
| | 05:08 | And the third way to create a new
message is to forward a message you've
| | 05:10 | received from someone else.
| | 05:13 | With the message selected, click Forward.
| | 05:17 | This is similar to replying to a
message in that a copy of the message is
| | 05:20 | included in the body of your new e-mail.
| | 05:23 | But note that the To field is blank, and that
the Subject field begins with FWD, for forward.
| | 05:28 | Forwarding an e-mail is basically passing a
message onto another person for them to read.
| | 05:32 | Now, you're free to type in your
own message in the e-mail as well.
| | 05:37 | As a general rule, type anything you
have to say at the top of the message,
| | 05:40 | leaving the copied portion of the message below.
| | 05:43 | Then just make sure your recipient's
e-mail address is in the To field, and
| | 05:46 | then you can send off the message, and
there you have the basics of composing
| | 05:50 | e-mail messages.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Reply vs. Reply All| 00:00 | This is going to be a very brief but
important video on the etiquette and
| | 00:03 | difference between Reply and Reply All,
when it comes to responding to e-mail messages.
| | 00:09 | Every e-mail client gives you the
ability to reply to a message by either
| | 00:12 | clicking the Reply button or
clicking the Reply All button,
| | 00:14 | but the difference between these two
options only matters when you're just one
| | 00:18 | of multiple recipients of an e-mail.
| | 00:20 | If an e-mail is just addressed to you,
you can click either Reply or Reply
| | 00:23 | All with no difference.
| | 00:25 | But if you have received an e-mail that
other people have received as well, and
| | 00:27 | you'll see other addresses
in the To: field or the Cc:
| | 00:30 | field, you want to click Reply to
send your response to only the sender of
| | 00:35 | the original e-mail.
| | 00:37 | If you need or want the rest of the
recipients to receive your reply as well,
| | 00:40 | then you'll click Reply All.
| | 00:42 | You can see that adds their names to the Cc:
| | 00:44 | field in this case.
| | 00:45 | So it's really that simple.
| | 00:47 | Reply to reply just to the sender,
Reply All to reply to everybody.
| | 00:51 | But knowing when to use
which can sometimes be tricky.
| | 00:54 | The important thing is to consider
whether everyone needs to read your reply.
| | 00:57 | For example, in this e-mail the sender is
asking if everyone is available for a meeting.
| | 01:04 | It probably makes sense to click Reply
All, so everyone involved will know if
| | 01:08 | you are available or not.
| | 01:10 | But look at this other e-mail in
which the sender is telling everyone he
| | 01:12 | won't be in the office.
| | 01:13 | If I wanted to send him a short get well
message, I probably don't need to hit Reply All.
| | 01:19 | The other people don't need to see
that I have sent a personal message to the
| | 01:21 | sender, unless I am trying to
demonstrate what an empathetic person I am.
| | 01:25 | So just ask yourself if everyone really needs
to read your reply before hitting Reply All.
| | 01:30 | I have been on the receiving end of
endless e-mail threats that devolved into
| | 01:33 | personal conversations simply because
a few people kept hitting Reply All.
| | 01:37 | If you've already received tons of
e-mail everyday, it can be very annoying to
| | 01:40 | keep getting messages that aren't
addressing you and have nothing to do with
| | 01:43 | you, simply because your address
was on the original, relevant e-mail.
| | 01:47 | Another reason to be aware of which
button you click is that maybe you really
| | 01:50 | don't want everyone else in the
list to read what you are writing.
| | 01:52 | There are tons of stories out there in
which someone went to reply to just the
| | 01:56 | sender with personal or confidential
information, but clicked Reply All by
| | 02:00 | accident, and sent his
response to the entire group.
| | 02:03 | So always take a moment and be aware of
whether you are clicking Reply or Reply All.
| | 02:07 | You could save yourself and
others aggravation or embarrassment.
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| Dealing with spam| 00:00 | As anyone who has used e-mail for any
length of time knows, one of the biggest
| | 00:03 | hassles and headaches of e-mail is dealing
with junk mail or spam, as it's also known.
| | 00:08 | In this video, I want to go over a
couple of tips you can use to avoid and
| | 00:11 | manage your junk mail.
| | 00:13 | Now, pretty much all e-mail clients
have built-in junk mail filters these days.
| | 00:17 | In Mac OS X Mail, for example, you go
into Mail Preferences and select Junk
| | 00:22 | Mail and in here make sure you have
Enable junk mail filtering checked.
| | 00:27 | That creates a Junk Mail folder into
which mail will automatically dump messages
| | 00:30 | that determines are junk.
| | 00:32 | And mail's Junk Filter is a learning filter.
| | 00:35 | You can go through your spam messages
and if you see one here that isn't junk,
| | 00:39 | just click Not Junk.
| | 00:40 | And if necessary, drag it back into a folder.
| | 00:43 | I will drag it back to my Inbox.
| | 00:46 | And as you continue to do this, mail
will learn which sorts of messages you
| | 00:49 | receive are legitimate and which
sorts are often spam, and like I said, most
| | 00:54 | e-mail clients have this
sort of functionality built-in.
| | 00:57 | Now your e-mail provider most likely
has spam filters enabled as well, and
| | 01:00 | probably filters out a good deal of junk
messages that never make it to your Inbox.
| | 01:04 | But it's good to have your e-mail
client's built-in junk filter as well, to save
| | 01:08 | you from having to manually delete
the messages that make it through.
| | 01:12 | Now in addition to your e-mail clients
junk mail filter, there are some things
| | 01:15 | you can do to protect and limit your
e-mail address from getting on to the
| | 01:18 | address books of spammers.
| | 01:20 | First of all, anytime you fill
out an online form or make an online
| | 01:23 | purchase, always choose the up
out or uncheck offers to share your
| | 01:27 | information with the seller's partners.
| | 01:29 | Saying you want to receiver offers and
news is basically saying, "Please send me
| | 01:32 | as much junk mail as possible."
| | 01:35 | For that matter, you might want to
create an e-mail account just for
| | 01:37 | providing to online merchants or for
using anytime you need to supply an
| | 01:40 | e-mail address online.
| | 01:42 | That way your friends, family and
coworkers can have your real e-mail address,
| | 01:45 | and you can provide your junk
e-mail addresses to everyone else.
| | 01:49 | If you do have to post your real
e-mail address online, maybe you are
| | 01:52 | participating in an online form asking
for technical help, try breaking up your
| | 01:56 | e-mail address into a non-standard
address by spelling out the word @ or by
| | 02:01 | adding words like NOJUNK and ask those
replying to you to reformat your address
| | 02:05 | into a proper e-mail address.
| | 02:07 | Spammers have programs that
constantly scam the web looking for instances
| | 02:10 | of e-mail addresses.
| | 02:12 | By formatting your address improperly,
you can fool the programs a lot of the time.
| | 02:16 | And lastly, never, ever reply to a spam message.
| | 02:20 | Don't send a message that says leave me
alone and don't click links that promise
| | 02:23 | to unsubscribe you from a mailing list.
| | 02:25 | That just let's the spammers know you
exist and have read their messages, and
| | 02:28 | you'll probably be added to even more lists.
| | 02:31 | So following these basic tips, coupled
with your e-mail server and client's
| | 02:34 | built-in spam filters, should make
managing the inevitable influx of junk mail a
| | 02:39 | little easier and less time-consuming.
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|
|
7. Introduction to Internet SearchingUnderstanding search engines| 00:00 | A significant part of being connected
to the Internet is having access to the
| | 00:04 | seemingly unlimited
amounts of information out there.
| | 00:06 | As you probably know, the best way to
find information you are looking for is to
| | 00:10 | perform a search through a search engine.
| | 00:11 | Now search engine is an online
resource that systematically catalogs the
| | 00:15 | contents of the web, so that when you
perform a search, it can bring up web pages
| | 00:19 | matching the words or
terms you were looking for.
| | 00:21 | Search engines acquire their data by
using programs called spiders, which scour
| | 00:25 | the web, following link after link and
creating a database of not just the words
| | 00:29 | on the web page, but also the order of
the words and their relationship to each
| | 00:33 | other or their proximity to other
items like pictures or videos, which most
| | 00:37 | search engines also catalog.
| | 00:39 | By far, the most popular search engine is Google.
| | 00:41 | But there are other popular
search engines out there like Yahoo and
| | 00:43 | Microsoft's Bing search engine, and
searching such an integral part of being on
| | 00:47 | the web that most web browsers have
access to one or more of the most popular
| | 00:51 | search engines built-in.
| | 00:52 | Just look in the upper right-hand
corner of your browser window, and you will
| | 00:55 | see the field into which you
can type your search terms.
| | 00:58 | This saves you the time of having to
first browse to Google.com or another
| | 01:01 | search engine's web site.
| | 01:03 | In most cases, you can also change
your web browser's default search engine.
| | 01:06 | For example, in Safari, you'll open
Preferences and then under the General tab,
| | 01:10 | you can select from Google, Yahoo or Bing.
| | 01:12 | If you use the browser other than Safari,
you can check your Preferences to see
| | 01:16 | if you have options like this available.
| | 01:17 | So in the next couple of movies, we'll
perform some actual searches and take a
| | 01:20 | look at both basic and
advanced search techniques.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Conducting basic searches| 00:00 | To perform a web search, you first have to
visit a search engine through your web browser.
| | 00:04 | As I previously mentioned, most web
browsers these days have access to the most
| | 00:08 | popular search engines like
Google and Bing, built directly in.
| | 00:11 | For example, here in Safari I could
just type my search terms into this search
| | 00:14 | field to perform a Google search, but for this
example, I'm actually going to go to google.com.
| | 00:22 | The technical term for
performing a search is query.
| | 00:25 | Basically, when you perform a query,
you're asking the search engine to provide
| | 00:28 | information relevant to the
word or phrases that you searched for.
| | 00:32 | Most people just call it googling these
days, which shows you how popular Google
| | 00:35 | is as a search engine.
| | 00:37 | To perform your search,
just type a word or a phrase.
| | 00:39 | Let's say I'm looking for
information on repairing a hard drive.
| | 00:42 | I'll type repairing, and you can see
that even before I finish typing, Google
| | 00:47 | has offered some suggestions of
what it thinks I might be looking for.
| | 00:50 | These are based on the popularity of
what other people have searched for.
| | 00:53 | Nothing here really matches my
need, so I'll continue typing.
| | 00:56 | And there's repairing hard drive.
| | 00:58 | So without having to type out the rest,
I'll just use the arrow keys on my
| | 01:01 | keyboard to select that result, and
I'll press my Enter or Return key.
| | 01:06 | And in a second, I see what Google
considers the top results for that search phrase.
| | 01:11 | You can see that it's actually found
993,000 results, but Google, and all search
| | 01:16 | engines, try to give you the
most relevant results first.
| | 01:18 | And as you can see, Google not only
found web pages, but it also found a couple
| | 01:22 | of videos on repairing hard drives.
| | 01:25 | In fact, I can click more to see just the
results from videos, images, blogs, and so on.
| | 01:34 | I'll go back to Everything.
| | 01:38 | Now one of the keys to a successful
search is to try to think of which words
| | 01:41 | might appear on the kind
of page you're looking for.
| | 01:43 | For example, if I'm trying to fix
or find an explanation for a specific
| | 01:47 | problem I'm having with my hard drive,
I'll imagine how I would describe it to
| | 01:50 | a live person and try to distill it
down to a short phrase that includes the
| | 01:54 | important and relevant words.
| | 01:56 | So if my hard drive is making clicking
noises, I might search for "hard drive
| | 02:01 | clicking," or I might
type "hard drive won't mount."
| | 02:08 | What you want to avoid is using words
that might make your search either too
| | 02:11 | broad or too narrow.
| | 02:12 | For example, don't type something like,
"documentation of hard drive repair techniques";
| | 02:17 | instead, boil it down to the words that
will most likely appear on the page we're
| | 02:20 | looking for, like "hard drive repair tips."
| | 02:24 | If you see a Google suggestion for
your phrase appear, that's a pretty good
| | 02:27 | indication that other people have
looked for this exact same search term, and
| | 02:30 | you'll probably find some good results.
| | 02:32 | But in most cases, brevity is going to be the
key to finding a good range of search results.
| | 02:38 | Now some people will use quotes around
their words when searching for phrases,
| | 02:41 | but you should only use quotes if you
want the results for the words within the
| | 02:44 | quote appearing in that specific order.
| | 02:46 | For example, I'll look for "repairing
hard drives" without the quotes, and that
| | 02:53 | gives me 578,000 results.
| | 02:55 | Notice that, in many of these results,
the words repairing, hard, and drives
| | 03:00 | don't necessarily appear
all together in that single phrase.
| | 03:03 | If I only want search results for web
pages in which repairing hard drives are
| | 03:07 | all together in a row, I put quotes around it.
| | 03:09 | Notice that this reduces the number of
results to 240,000 and that in all the
| | 03:18 | results the words "repairing hard
drives" all appear next to each other.
| | 03:24 | Using quotes is also a great
computer troubleshooting technique.
| | 03:27 | If you ever have a dialog or alert box
show up, and you're not quite sure what
| | 03:30 | it means or what it's trying to tell you,
try typing the words from that dialog
| | 03:33 | box in quotes into Google.
| | 03:35 | More often than not, you're sure to
find pages in which others have come
| | 03:37 | across the same message.
| | 03:39 | So those are some tips for
performing basic searches.
| | 03:42 | And of course, once your search results
appear, just click any of the results to
| | 03:45 | be taken to that particular web page.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Conducting advanced searches| 00:00 | When you're having trouble finding the
information you're looking for, you can
| | 00:03 | sometimes get better results by
implementing more advanced search techniques.
| | 00:07 | Now, most search engines let you use what
are referred to as Boolean search terms.
| | 00:11 | Basically, they allow you to perform a
search, but to exclude certain results or
| | 00:14 | to search only for certain results.
| | 00:16 | Depending on the search engine, Boolean
searching can involve using words like
| | 00:19 | 'and,' 'or,' and 'not' within your searches
or in the case of Google, using special
| | 00:23 | characters like the Plus symbol,
minus, the tilde and the like.
| | 00:27 | But instead of having to remember how to
use those terms and special characters,
| | 00:31 | it's much easier to go to Google.com
and then click on the Advanced Search link.
| | 00:35 | This takes you to a page on which you
can perform highly refined searches.
| | 00:41 | You can use any combination
of the fields you see here.
| | 00:43 | For example, I want find web pages that
include the words 'tree,' 'fur,' and 'needles.'
| | 00:48 | So I'll type "tree fur and needles" with a space
between them into the field, all these words.
| | 00:56 | This means I'll only see results from
pages that contain all three of these
| | 00:59 | words and not just one or two of them.
Or if I wanted to search for an exact
| | 01:03 | phrase, I would type into the second field.
| | 01:06 | This is similar to searching
for a phrase within quotes.
| | 01:09 | You also have the option of searching
for pages that contain one or more of
| | 01:11 | your selected words.
| | 01:12 | So if I typed "tree," "fur," and "needles"
into these fields, Google would show me
| | 01:18 | pages that contain at least one of those words,
but I'm just going to delete those for now.
| | 01:25 | Next, you have the option
of excluding certain words.
| | 01:27 | Maybe in this case I want to find
pages that have the words tree, fur and
| | 01:30 | needles, but not the word evergreen.
| | 01:33 | Notice that my search parameters up
here at the top of the screen and that the
| | 01:36 | word evergreen appears with a
Minus symbol in front of it.
| | 01:39 | This is showing you what would type if
you were going to do this search manually
| | 01:42 | from Google's homepage or
from your browser's search bar.
| | 01:45 | Basically this is teaching you
the correct syntax for this search.
| | 01:48 | Next, you have options to specify how
many results you want to be listed per
| | 01:51 | page, what specific language you
want to search for and whether you want
| | 01:55 | specific file formats like PDF
documents, Word files, and so on.
| | 02:00 | You can even restrict your
search to a specific web site.
| | 02:03 | This is a great tool if you're looking
for information on a particular site.
| | 02:06 | Maybe in this example, I'll limit
my search to just Wikipedia, the
| | 02:10 | online encyclopedia.
| | 02:12 | Again, notice the syntax at the top of the page.
| | 02:14 | To search a specific site, you type site:
| | 02:17 | followed by the web site's address.
| | 02:19 | And for even more advanced searching
tools, you can click Date, Usage rights,
| | 02:23 | Numeric range, and more.
| | 02:27 | As you can see, you can really get
quite precise with your search parameters.
| | 02:31 | When you're ready, click Advanced Search,
and now I'm seeing the search results
| | 02:35 | for pages on Wikipedia, containing all
three of the words tree, fur and needles,
| | 02:39 | but not the word evergreen.
| | 02:40 | Notice the search terms as they appear
in the Search bar at the top of the page.
| | 02:44 | As you continue to perform more of
these advanced types of searches, you'll
| | 02:47 | start to recognize and remember the
proper syntax, and you might not need to
| | 02:50 | navigate to Google's Advanced
Search page anymore after a while.
| | 02:54 | You can learn more about how to do
advanced searches with Google by going back to
| | 02:57 | Advanced Search and clicking Advanced Search Tips.
| | 03:04 | And here you'll get detailed
explanations of how the Advanced Search features
| | 03:07 | work and how to best use them.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
8. Introduction to Word Processing and SpreadsheetsUsing word processors| 00:00 | A word processor is a software
application for creating documents, ranging from
| | 00:04 | letters to reports, to fliers, to
brochures - basically any sort of document that
| | 00:09 | involves a lot of text and even images.
| | 00:11 | The most popular word processor is
Microsoft Word, available as part of the
| | 00:15 | Microsoft Office Suite of
Applications for both Macs and PCs.
| | 00:18 | Apple has its own word processor
called Pages, which is part of their iWork
| | 00:22 | Suite of Applications.
| | 00:23 | And there are other word processing
programs out there like Corel WordPerfect,
| | 00:27 | which you also might have heard of.
| | 00:28 | The TextEdit application that you
might have seen me using throughout this
| | 00:31 | course is also a basic free and fairly
capable word processor that comes built
| | 00:35 | into Mac OS X's Applications Folder.
| | 00:38 | And while there are many different
word processors out there, each with its
| | 00:41 | unique set of features, word processors
generally have more in common with each
| | 00:44 | other than they have differences.
| | 00:46 | So let's take at the basics
of writing in a word processor.
| | 00:49 | For this example, I'm going to be
Microsoft Word on my Mac, but pretty much
| | 00:53 | everything I'm going to show here
applies to other word processors as well.
| | 00:56 | So in almost all cases, to create a
new document in a word processor, you'll
| | 01:00 | go to the File menu,
| | 01:02 | where you'll choose something
like New or New Blank Document.
| | 01:05 | In applications like Word and Pages,
you'll also find starter templates for
| | 01:08 | various kinds of projects or documents.
| | 01:10 | So if I chose Project Gallery,
I'd find a collection of templates
| | 01:14 | I could use as sort of a jumping
off point for my documents.
| | 01:17 | I'll just go with a Blank Word
Document for this example though.
| | 01:21 | So I'll just double-click that,
and here is my blank document.
| | 01:25 | So all I need to do here is start typing.
| | 01:28 | To go down to the next line, I just
press Enter or Return on my keyboard.
| | 01:34 | This is called a paragraph break.
| | 01:36 | Notice it put some space between the
first line and the next line of text.
| | 01:40 | Not all word processors do this
automatically though, and you may have to
| | 01:43 | go into your Settings and locate the options
for adding space before or after paragraphs.
| | 01:47 | Ideally, that's how you should add
space between paragraphs, not by tapping
| | 01:50 | the Return or Enter key twice, which in some
cases adds too much space between paragraphs.
| | 01:54 | I'm going to hit the Backspace or Delete
button to go back up, and I'll type a little more.
| | 02:02 | And I'll press Return again to
enter another paragraph break.
| | 02:05 | Now, I realize the typewriters
haven't been in use very much in years now,
| | 02:09 | but many people are still taking
traditional typing classes, and in those
| | 02:12 | classes they often teach that you should
press the Spacebar twice at the end of sentences.
| | 02:16 | In the days of typewriters, where all the
letters and characters were of equal width,
| | 02:20 | that made sense,
| | 02:21 | but all word processors already add a
little extra space after the punctuation
| | 02:25 | at the end of a sentence, so it's
unnecessary to add that space yourself.
| | 02:29 | You can see after the period here,
there is a little bit more space than you'll
| | 02:32 | find between actual words.
| | 02:33 | It just looks a little bit better that way, and
word processors automatically do that for you.
| | 02:39 | If you're in the habit of tapping the
Spacebar twice after sentences, try to
| | 02:42 | break yourself of that habit if you
want to follow basic word processing rules.
| | 02:47 | Another good habit to get into is to
save your document right away, and then
| | 02:50 | continue to save it periodically as you write.
| | 02:52 | I'll choose File > Save, and I'll
save this on my desktop, and I'll call
| | 02:59 | this Rental rules.
| | 03:03 | So you can see it's sitting on my desktop now.
| | 03:07 | Now, some programs, including Microsoft
Word, have an AutoSave feature that will
| | 03:10 | save your document every 10 minutes or so,
just in case your system goes down or
| | 03:14 | there is an electrical outage.
| | 03:16 | But you can do a lot of writing in 10 minutes.
| | 03:18 | So I suggest getting into the habit of
saving anytime you have typed a decently
| | 03:22 | sized chunk of text that you wouldn't
want to type again, or anytime you make a
| | 03:25 | significant change to your document.
| | 03:27 | Notice the keyboard command to Save
is Command+S. I've just gotten in the
| | 03:32 | habit Command+S with my left hand
anytime I finish typing a long paragraph or
| | 03:36 | other selection of text.
| | 03:38 | It just take a split second to save
your file, and it can save you the agony of
| | 03:41 | having to rewrite your document, should
you experience a crash or a power outage.
| | 03:46 | One of the nice things about working
on a Mac is in most applications you can
| | 03:49 | easily tell if your document contains
changes that have not yet been saved by
| | 03:53 | looking at the Close button.
| | 03:55 | If there is a dark dot in the Close
button, it means your document has not been
| | 03:58 | saved with the latest changes.
| | 03:59 | So I'll press Command+S to
save, and that dot goes away.
| | 04:03 | But as soon as I start
typing again, it comes back.
| | 04:07 | That's just a nice visual indicator,
letting you know that you haven't saved the
| | 04:10 | most recent version of your document yet.
| | 04:13 | So that's about the extent of what I
wanted to cover in this movie on entering
| | 04:16 | text into word processors.
| | 04:18 | Coming up next, we'll look at how
to format the text you've typed.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Formatting text| 00:00 | Now let's take a look at how to format
text you've entered into a word processor.
| | 00:04 | By formatting, I'm referring to the
task of changing the appearance of
| | 00:07 | paragraphs, sentences, words, or
even individual characters in your word
| | 00:11 | processing document.
| | 00:12 | For this exercise, I've copied the
file 08_02_Current Policy.rtf to my
| | 00:17 | desktop, and I'm going to open this in
Microsoft Word by dragging it to its icon in my Dock.
| | 00:24 | If you don't have Word and you want to
follow along, you can use TextEdit, which
| | 00:27 | again is a free basic Word
processor found in your Applications folder.
| | 00:30 | And everything I'm going to show
you here will apply to other word
| | 00:32 | processing programs as well.
| | 00:34 | So now the file is open, and when
it comes to formatting text, all word
| | 00:38 | processors follow the universal rule
that the item you want to format must be
| | 00:42 | selected in order for it to be changed.
| | 00:44 | Selecting text usually means taking
your mouse cursor and dragging across the
| | 00:48 | text you want to select.
| | 00:50 | That tells the word processor that you
want to affect only the text you've selected.
| | 00:53 | After you've selected the text,
find your formatting tools.
| | 00:57 | Here in Word, you've some formatting
tools in the toolbar going across the
| | 01:00 | top of the window as well as the
toolbox where Formatting palette. Other word
| | 01:04 | processors have Formatting
Inspectors or panels. Wherever they are, they
| | 01:08 | should be fairly apparent.
| | 01:09 | So with my text selected, I'll come
over to my Formatting palette, and I'll
| | 01:12 | click the B button to make this text bold.
| | 01:14 | We also have other formatting options here
like I for italicizing and U for underlining.
| | 01:19 | This is also where you'll find the menus
to change the font of your selected text.
| | 01:24 | So I can browse through all of my
installed fonts, and just pick another font.
| | 01:28 | And you'll find other options in
Word's Formatting palette such as
| | 01:32 | Strikethrough, Superscript, Subscript,
Small Caps, All Caps, coloring your text,
| | 01:37 | highlighting your text,
changing your text size and so on.
| | 01:40 | So another universal feature of most Word
processors these days is multiple undos.
| | 01:45 | This lets you experiment with
formatting without having to worry about ruining
| | 01:48 | the appearance of your document.
| | 01:49 | So if I didn't like that last change I
made, which was the font size change, I'd
| | 01:53 | go to the Edit menu, and I
can choose Undo Size Select.
| | 01:56 | Notice the keyboard command for this is
Command+Z, and that's definitely one you
| | 02:01 | want to commit to memory.
| | 02:02 | I can keep tapping Command+Z to
remove the changes I made in reverse order.
| | 02:07 | And I'll just click anywhere in
my document to deselect that text.
| | 02:11 | So that's the basics of text
formatting, and again, it works the same in
| | 02:14 | all word processors.
| | 02:15 | Just select your text and make your changes.
| | 02:18 | Most word processors also let you make
non-contiguous selections, in case you
| | 02:22 | want to apply the same
formatting to multiple chunks of text.
| | 02:24 | Just make your first selection, like
I've done here, then hold down the
| | 02:27 | Command key - again, that's the Apple
key on your keyboard - and drag to select
| | 02:30 | another piece of text.
| | 02:32 | And you can continue doing this until
you've selected everything you want.
| | 02:35 | Once you've made your selections, click the
buttons for the formats you wish to apply.
| | 02:38 | And you can see they are
applied to all the selected text.
| | 02:41 | And this can be a big time saver.
| | 02:43 | Next, I'm going to go
into Alignment and Spacing.
| | 02:46 | Again, depending on your word
processor you might not have a section called
| | 02:49 | Alignment and Spacing, but you should at
least see these four buttons that look like this.
| | 02:53 | These are the Paragraph Alignment
buttons, and they really determine how
| | 02:56 | paragraphs appear on your page.
| | 02:58 | To apply paragraph alignment, you don't
have to drag to select an entire paragraph.
| | 03:02 | Just click anywhere in that
paragraph and then click an alignment button.
| | 03:06 | Left is the default, but we also
have Center, Right, and Justify.
| | 03:10 | Justify spaces out the words in the
paragraph to both the left and right sides
| | 03:14 | of the text align straight
with the margins of the page.
| | 03:17 | In this case, it has a little too much
space between words for my liking, so I'm
| | 03:20 | going to switch it back to left-aligned.
| | 03:22 | So again, as long as your cursor is in
the paragraph, you can use the Alignment
| | 03:26 | buttons to affect the entire paragraph.
| | 03:28 | If you want to change the alignment of
multiple paragraphs though, you do have
| | 03:31 | to select them, or at
least select portions of them.
| | 03:33 | You can see, for instance, I only
have a portion of the first paragraph
| | 03:36 | selected, but if I make this center-
aligned, it affects both paragraphs.
| | 03:40 | I'll set that back to Left.
| | 03:43 | And lastly, I want to talk
about Copy, Cut and Paste.
| | 03:46 | We've touched on these commands in a
previous chapter, but I want to give you a
| | 03:49 | practical example here.
| | 03:51 | These commands are found in the Edit
menu of all word processors, and just about
| | 03:54 | any other type of program in
which you can type or create content.
| | 03:57 | Let's say I want to make this
third paragraph of the section the
| | 04:00 | second paragraph instead.
| | 04:02 | First, I'll highlight the paragraph to
select it. Now a quick way to do this is
| | 04:06 | to triple-click the paragraph.
| | 04:09 | Notice a double-click selects a
single word, but when you triple-click, it
| | 04:14 | selects the entire paragraph.
| | 04:16 | Then I'll choose Edit > Cut.
| | 04:18 | The keyboard shortcut is Command+X.
That removes or cuts this selected text out
| | 04:23 | of my document, but its contents are
now in a special part of my computer's
| | 04:26 | memory called the Clipboard.
| | 04:28 | Now I'll click in front of the second
paragraph, because pasting text requires
| | 04:32 | you to place your cursor
wherever you want that text to appear.
| | 04:34 | Now I'll choose Edit > Paste.
| | 04:36 | The keyboard command is Command+V. And
now I have successfully moved that paragraph.
| | 04:43 | So use Cut when you want to move text
to another location of your document.
| | 04:47 | And it's also pointing out that cut or
copy text can be pasted into any other
| | 04:50 | documents or applications that accepts text.
| | 04:52 | So, for example, if I had selected
this text and chosen Cut or Copy, in this
| | 04:57 | case I'll just choose Copy, and open up
TextEdit, here in TextEdit I can choose
| | 05:02 | Edit > Paste, and the text will appear here.
| | 05:08 | And you generally use Copy when you
don't want the selected text to be removed.
| | 05:12 | As another example, this is Section
one of the document I'm currently working
| | 05:15 | on. Maybe I'm ready to
start working on Section two.
| | 05:18 | Since this text in this header is
already formatted the way I want, with the
| | 05:22 | heading bold and the text below it in
the font I want, I'm going to select the
| | 05:25 | heading and the first paragraph,
and then I'll choose Edit > Copy.
| | 05:30 | And again, notice that
it stays just where it is.
| | 05:33 | Now I'll scroll to the end of my
document and place my cursor where I want the
| | 05:36 | next section to begin, and I'll paste
my text with the keyboard command of
| | 05:39 | Command+V. So now I've a copy of
the first heading and paragraph.
| | 05:43 | I'll change this to Section 2, by
highlighting number 1 and typing in 2.
| | 05:47 | Then I'll highlight the word Introduction,
and I'll call the section Employee Rights.
| | 05:53 | So anytime you start typing with
text highlighted, the text you're typing
| | 05:56 | immediately replaces that highlighted text.
| | 05:59 | And doing it this way lets me keep the
same appearance of my previous heading.
| | 06:03 | The same goes for the body text.
| | 06:05 | I can just highlight it, knowing that I
want to delete it all because it's just
| | 06:09 | a copy, and I can start typing to get
rid of the original text, but maintain the
| | 06:13 | formatting appearance.
| | 06:17 | So there is one practical use
of the Copy and Paste commands.
| | 06:20 | Again, I highly suggest learning the
keyboard shortcuts for Cut, Copy and Paste.
| | 06:25 | The reason they are Command+X, Command+
C, and Command+V, is because all those
| | 06:28 | letters are right next to each other on
your keyboard and can be easily invoked
| | 06:31 | with your left-hand.
| | 06:32 | This lets you control your mouse and
text selections with your right-hand, and
| | 06:36 | cut, copy and paste with your left.
| | 06:38 | Also, bear in mind that once you've
copied or cut some text, you can paste it
| | 06:41 | indefinitely until you
copy or cut something else.
| | 06:44 | So if necessary, I can place my
cursor at the end of the document and hit
| | 06:47 | Command+V again to paste, and the most
recent text I copied gets pasted in again.
| | 06:52 | And I could just keep hitting Command+
V to make as many copies as I want or
| | 06:55 | need, until I cut or copy something
else, and then that most recent selection
| | 06:59 | becomes the item on my clipboard.
| | 07:01 | So there you've some basic formatting
and selection skills that will apply to
| | 07:04 | whichever word processor you're using.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Using spreadsheets| 00:00 | Another piece of software you mind
find yourself using fairly frequently is a
| | 00:03 | spreadsheet application.
| | 00:05 | I currently have Microsoft Excel open.
| | 00:07 | It's arguably the most popular and
well-known spreadsheet program out there.
| | 00:11 | Apple also has a spreadsheet program
called Numbers, which is part of their
| | 00:14 | iWork Suite of Applications.
| | 00:16 | At its most basic level, a
spreadsheet is the electronic equivalent of a
| | 00:19 | paper ledger sheet.
| | 00:21 | Like ledgers, spreadsheets are
comprised of a grid of rows and columns, and can
| | 00:24 | be used for balancing your checkbook,
calculating loans, managing the addresses
| | 00:28 | and contact information of customers, and so on.
| | 00:31 | One of the advantages of spreadsheet
programs is that they can quickly perform
| | 00:34 | complex calculations once
you've set them up to do so.
| | 00:38 | For example, here in Excel, I'm going
to choose File > Project Gallery, to
| | 00:42 | browse through some of the pre-made
templates and spreadsheets in Excel.
| | 00:45 | I'm going to go into Home Essentials >
Finance tools, and in here, I'm going to
| | 00:51 | select the Standard Loan
Analysis, and click Open.
| | 00:55 | Expand the window a bit, and I'm going
to increase the magnification, so we can
| | 01:02 | see this a little bit better.
| | 01:04 | So this is a pre-made worksheet to
help you figure out how much a loan will
| | 01:07 | end up costing you.
| | 01:08 | In this case, all you have to do is
plug in your own numbers under this
| | 01:11 | Analysis area on the right.
| | 01:13 | So for instance, maybe I'm looking at
a loan amount of say $75,000, at a rate
| | 01:19 | of 3.9%, and we'll keep it over 3 years, and
we'll say that the loan starts on October 1.
| | 01:27 | Let's make that 2010.
| | 01:31 | As you probably noticed, as I typed
each value, the entire worksheet updates
| | 01:34 | itself to reflect the numbers I've entered.
| | 01:37 | This is a great way to see how much
your monthly payments will be at various
| | 01:40 | interest rates, and how much you'll
end up paying over the life of the loan.
| | 01:44 | In this case, it's calculated that
I'm going to pay about $4,500 in finance
| | 01:47 | charges, to a total cost of $79,594.71.
| | 01:53 | Now, this is a highly
formatted and stylized spreadsheet.
| | 01:56 | In many cases, you probably won't
create something just to elaborate for
| | 01:58 | yourself, but let's use this
Amortization Table down here, and we'll go over
| | 02:03 | some basic terminology concerning spreadsheets.
| | 02:05 | Now, as I mentioned, in a
spreadsheet, you have columns and rows.
| | 02:08 | Columns are vertical.
| | 02:11 | These are columns here. And they're
designated by letters, as you see going
| | 02:14 | across the top of the spreadsheet.
| | 02:17 | So what happens if you run
out of letters for columns?
| | 02:19 | Well, if you have more than 26 columns,
they're designated with double letters then.
| | 02:23 | So after you hit Z, the next
columns will be AA, BB, CC, and so on.
| | 02:28 | Usually though, you'll create your own
more meaningful headers for your columns,
| | 02:31 | like we have in this worksheet, like
Payment Date, Beginning Balance, Interest,
| | 02:35 | Principle, and so on.
| | 02:37 | Now, rows are horizontal, and
they're designated by numbers.
| | 02:41 | In this case, the rows are used to show the
data for each monthly payment on the loan.
| | 02:46 | Now, the point where rows and
columns meet are called cells.
| | 02:49 | Cells are referred to according to
their column letter and row number.
| | 02:53 | So this particular cell I just clicked
is cell F28, and this one here is G38.
| | 03:00 | It's the cells into which you enter your data.
| | 03:04 | The data you enter into the cells can
be numbers, letters, special characters,
| | 03:08 | or any combination of those, or the
cells can automatically populate themselves
| | 03:12 | if you apply formulas to them.
| | 03:13 | That's pretty much how the
cells in this particular table work.
| | 03:16 | Their contents are automatically
determined and updated based on the numbers
| | 03:19 | you enter into the yellow
cells at the top of the worksheet.
| | 03:23 | So if this became a $60,000
loan, you could change that.
| | 03:28 | You can see all the other cells in
here have updated themselves. Okay.
| | 03:31 | So that's a brief introduction to
what spreadsheets are, and what they can
| | 03:34 | be used for.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Creating a simple data table| 00:00 | Now let's take a look at how to
create a basic spreadsheet from scratch.
| | 00:03 | Again, I'm working in Microsoft Excel,
but everything I'm showing you here will
| | 00:06 | apply to other spreadsheet applications.
| | 00:09 | I'm going to create a new blank
spreadsheet by choosing File > New Workbook.
| | 00:12 | You can always use the keyboard shortcut
of Command+N. So here is a new spreadsheet.
| | 00:19 | I'm going to increase the size, so
we can see it a little bit better.
| | 00:21 | Let's say I'm trying to decide
between taking two jobs at an hourly rate.
| | 00:27 | One of the jobs pays more per hour,
but offers slightly few hours than the
| | 00:30 | one that pays less.
| | 00:31 | I'm going to start by using the first
row of Columns B and C as headers for the
| | 00:35 | two job calculations.
| | 00:37 | To type into a cell, just click it once,
so I have selected sell B1 in this case.
| | 00:41 | I'm going to type in Job A.
| | 00:44 | Now, to move horizontally from cell to
cell, press the Tab key on your keyboard.
| | 00:49 | Each time you press it,
you'll move one cell to the right.
| | 00:51 | You can go back to the left by
holding Shift as you press Tab.
| | 00:54 | So I'll label cell C1 as Job B.
| | 00:58 | I'm going to use column A to
label all the rows I'm going to need.
| | 01:03 | So I'll click in A3, and
I'll type in "Hourly Wage."
| | 01:08 | Now, when you're working in columns,
pressing Enter or Return on your keyboard
| | 01:11 | lets you move down in a single column.
| | 01:15 | Again, holding Shift lets you move in reverse.
| | 01:17 | So I'm going to hold Shift, press
Return a couple of times to go back up,
| | 01:20 | call this one Hours/week, and I'll
go down two rows, and I'll put in
| | 01:27 | Annual Income label here.
| | 01:29 | Now, the text here is a little bit
wider than the cell itself, so I'm going to
| | 01:33 | move my cursor between the headers for
column A and B until I see this two-headed arrow.
| | 01:37 | I'm going to drag slightly to the
right, just to widen that column a bit.
| | 01:42 | So, so far I've added labels to these cells.
| | 01:44 | Cells containing only text and no
numbers are generally referred to as labels.
| | 01:48 | Next, I'm going to add the data that I
know about each job, namely the hourly
| | 01:51 | wage and the hours per week.
| | 01:53 | Now, since these are going to be numbers,
I could format the appropriate cells
| | 01:56 | to only accept numbers.
| | 01:57 | It's not absolutely necessary, but
it's a good habit to format your cells for
| | 02:01 | the type of content they're supposed to
accept, especially if other people are
| | 02:04 | going to be using the worksheet you're
creating, and you want to make sure they
| | 02:06 | can't fill in an incorrect information.
| | 02:08 | So I'm going to drag to select the
two cells in the Hourly Wage row.
| | 02:13 | With those cells selected, I'm going to
go to the Data menu and choose Validation.
| | 02:18 | Here under the Settings tab, I can specify
what type of input is allowed in this cell.
| | 02:22 | Since this is an hourly wage,
I'm going to allow decimal places.
| | 02:27 | In order to validate a cell that's
going to accept numbers, I have to specify
| | 02:30 | a range of numbers.
| | 02:31 | So in this case I'll put in a minimum of
say 0, and a maximum of 100, as I doubt
| | 02:37 | I'll be making more than $100 per hour.
| | 02:39 | But I could always come back
and change this if necessary.
| | 02:41 | So I'm telling Excel that I want to
validate the two cells I selected to allow
| | 02:46 | decimals between 0 and 100. I'll click OK.
| | 02:51 | So now if I click in one of these cells
and try to type in anything but numbers,
| | 02:56 | and then hit Return, I get a message
telling me I have to enter a decimal value
| | 03:01 | between 0 and 100, just like I specified.
| | 03:04 | Now, this is a little misleading,
because you don't necessarily have to enter
| | 03:07 | a decimal value, in the sense that if it's a
whole number like 14, I could just type 14.
| | 03:11 | I'm going to click Retry here.
| | 03:13 | Let's make this 14.75.
| | 03:16 | We'll take an advantage of
being able to enter decimal places.
| | 03:21 | That value is unaccepted because it's a number.
| | 03:22 | Let's make Job B's hourly wage 15.85.
| | 03:28 | Now, even though these are both monetary
values, they don't really look like it.
| | 03:30 | I'm going to select both these cells
again, and I'm going to open up in Excel
| | 03:34 | here in my toolbox, which opens up the
Formatting palette, and under the Number
| | 03:38 | section here, I'm going to change the
Format from General to Currency, as a kind
| | 03:43 | of number for these cells.
| | 03:45 | You can see that adds a dollar
sign in front of the two numbers.
| | 03:48 | So for the Hours/week cells, I
could do something very similar.
| | 03:52 | So I've got those two cells
selected, and let's validate them again.
| | 03:57 | And we'll choose Decimal again, just in
case one of the job requires shifts in
| | 04:01 | says half-an-hour or quarter-hour increments.
| | 04:04 | So I'll make the range a Minimum of 0 and a
Maximum of say 80 hours a week. Click OK.
| | 04:09 | So let's say Job A is
offering 40 hours per week.
| | 04:13 | I'll type in 40, hit Return.
| | 04:17 | And let's say Job B is offering 37.75, which I
know is a weird number, but bear with me here.
| | 04:24 | Now, if I wanted, I could again go
back to the Formatting palette, with these
| | 04:28 | two cells selected, and this time
I'll choose Number as the format.
| | 04:31 | That reformats the numbers in those
cells and gives them two decimal places each.
| | 04:35 | Now, you can change the number of
displayed decimal places using these two buttons.
| | 04:39 | So I could add a third decimal place,
for example, or I could reduce it to
| | 04:44 | only one decimal place.
| | 04:46 | Notice that automatically
rounded up the 37.75 to the 37.08.
| | 04:49 | If I lose the decimal places,
it rounds the number up to 38.
| | 04:53 | But I'm going to keep the two
decimal places in this case. Okay.
| | 04:57 | So by now you should have the basic
idea of how to enter data into a new
| | 05:00 | worksheet from scratch, as well as how
to validate the contents of the cells.
| | 05:04 | Now, I could get out my calculator and
figure out what my annual income for both
| | 05:07 | jobs would be, but it's worth entering
the proper formulas into Excel, so if the
| | 05:11 | terms of the Hourly Wages or Hours/week
change, I just have to plug in the new
| | 05:16 | numbers to update my totals.
| | 05:17 | So to add a formula to a cell,
first click to select the cell.
| | 05:21 | And I'll open my toolbar, I'm going to
click the arrow next to AutoSum, which
| | 05:25 | gives me a list of common calculations.
| | 05:27 | But what I need is a formula other than
what's listed here, so I'll choose More Functions.
| | 05:31 | And you can see that
opens up the Formula Builder.
| | 05:34 | So to figure out my annual income, I
need to multiply my Hourly Wage by my
| | 05:39 | Hours/week, and then multiply that by the
number of weeks I'll be working in a year.
| | 05:43 | So in the Formula Builder, I'm going to
look for the proper formula. Here under
| | 05:48 | Arithmetic, I'll select Add,
Subtract, Multiply, or Divide.
| | 05:51 | I need to double-click it
to actually build my formula.
| | 05:53 | Now it's just a matter of building the
formula by specifying which cells need to
| | 05:57 | be multiplied together.
| | 05:59 | I click cell B3, which is the Hourly
Wage for Job A, and then I'll click B4.
| | 06:03 | Notice that they have been added to the
Formula Builder, but the default option is wrong.
| | 06:08 | I need to multiply and not add them.
| | 06:10 | So I'm going to click the
menu and choose (Multiply).
| | 06:13 | Notice the formula appears in the cell itself,
as well as in the panel that appeared at the top of my screen.
| | 06:19 | So now I need to multiply the product of B3 and
B4 by the number of weeks in a year, which is 52.
| | 06:24 | So if necessary, I could add another
argument, but I do already have a blank
| | 06:28 | field in here, so I'm
just going to click in there.
| | 06:30 | And we have 52 weeks in a year, so I'll
type that in, and again, I want to make
| | 06:34 | sure that the operation is set to (Multiply).
| | 06:37 | I can already see the result
right here in the Formula Builder.
| | 06:40 | I'll press Enter to close out of
the formula, and just like that, the
| | 06:43 | calculation is performed, and I
see the Annual Income for Job A.
| | 06:47 | Now, a really nice thing about most
spreadsheet programs is that if you want to
| | 06:50 | perform the same calculation on another
set of numbers, you don't have to build
| | 06:53 | the whole thing again.
| | 06:54 | I'm just going to make sure this Annual
Income for Job A's cell is selected, then
| | 06:58 | I'm going to choose Edit > Copy.
| | 07:00 | Then I'll select the Annual Income cell for
Job B and choose Edit > Paste. It's that easy.
| | 07:08 | Notice in the Formula Builder, that
Excel was smart enough to swap out B3 and B4
| | 07:12 | for C3 and C4, still multiplying
them by 52, and again, you can see that
| | 07:17 | reflected in the panel at
the top of the screen, as well.
| | 07:19 | Now I can plainly see that Job B will earn
me more money, even though it's fewer hours.
| | 07:24 | If any of this data changes, maybe Job
B is reduced to say 35 hours a week, I
| | 07:28 | can just type that in, and
my total is updated instantly.
| | 07:32 | So that's the basics of entering
your own data into a new worksheet and
| | 07:35 | performing calculations.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Formatting a data table| 00:00 | Formatting a spreadsheet is
very similar to formatting a word
| | 00:03 | processing document.
| | 00:04 | First, select the text or cell you want
to format and then apply your changes.
| | 00:08 | I'm working with the very simple
spreadsheet I previously created.
| | 00:11 | Let's take a look at some
formatting things we can do.
| | 00:13 | First of all, we've already seen that
you can use the Numbers section of the
| | 00:17 | Formatting palette to specify the
appearance of numbers, like currency, or
| | 00:20 | percentages, or date, or time.
| | 00:23 | The Formatting palette also contains
many of the same options you'll find in a
| | 00:25 | word processor for formatting text.
| | 00:27 | For example, I could select the cells
containing the Job A and Job B. And here
| | 00:32 | in my Formatting palette, I can make them bold.
| | 00:35 | And if I go under Alignment
and Spacing, I can center them.
| | 00:40 | And in the Borders and Shading section, I can
change the color and outline of selected cells.
| | 00:44 | For instance, I could select the
Annual Income cells and then make them, say, a
| | 00:50 | light green, and maybe with a
slight border around them, like so.
| | 00:55 | Now, Excel even has some built-in
formatting options, under Format > AutoFormat.
| | 01:00 | First, I'm going to select all the cells
currently in use, and I'll select AutoFormat.
| | 01:08 | And in here, I can browse through
several designs, clicking on them to get
| | 01:12 | previews, and I can apply any one that I like.
| | 01:17 | I kind of like that one.
| | 01:20 | I'll click OK, and there it is.
| | 01:23 | Now, I'm not going to get into the
details of formatting with Excel exclusively,
| | 01:27 | because I want to keep this general
enough to apply to all spreadsheet
| | 01:29 | applications, but this should give
you an idea of how formatting works.
| | 01:33 | Again, it's very similar to formatting
a word processing document. First select
| | 01:36 | what you want to change and then change it.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
9. Introduction to Photo and Image ManagementImporting images from a digital camera| 00:00 | If you are like most people
today, you have a digital camera.
| | 00:03 | And if you have a digital camera, you
need to store and manage your ever-growing
| | 00:06 | collection of photos on your Mac.
| | 00:08 | Now, this could be as simple as copying
the photos off your camera's memory card
| | 00:11 | and keeping then in the Pictures folder,
but that's probably not the best plan
| | 00:14 | for organizing your photos,
especially if you shoot a lot of pictures.
| | 00:17 | Since you're using a Mac, the natural
choice for photo management software would
| | 00:20 | be iPhoto, part of the iLife
Suite of Application from Apple.
| | 00:23 | And all new Macs in recent years have
come with iLife, so there's a good chance
| | 00:26 | you have a copy of iPhoto on your computer.
| | 00:28 | But just in case you don't have it, in
this movie I'm going to show you how to
| | 00:31 | import photos from your camera both
through iPhoto and with Image Capture, an
| | 00:35 | application that comes with all Macs.
| | 00:36 | Let's start by opening up Image
Capture, which you can find in your
| | 00:39 | Applications folder.
| | 00:42 | And now I'm going to plug in the memory
card from my camera into my Mac's USB port.
| | 00:47 | Depending on your camera and memory card,
you might plug in the camera itself,
| | 00:50 | or you may use your Mac's built-in SD
card reader, if it has one, or a separate
| | 00:54 | SD card reader that plugs into your USB port.
| | 00:57 | Whatever the case may be, after a
moment, you should see your camera, or card,
| | 01:00 | appear under Devices.
| | 01:01 | So click your device, and you'll see
thumbnail previews of the images on it
| | 01:05 | appear to the right.
| | 01:06 | And you can see we're given a lot of
information here, as far as the name of
| | 01:09 | the file, the date the shot was taken, file
size, aperture, depth, color space, and so on.
| | 01:15 | First, determine where you want these
images stored on your Mac by clicking the
| | 01:18 | Import To menu at the bottom of the window.
| | 01:20 | There are several choices here,
like Pictures, Desktop, Documents,
| | 01:23 | iPhoto, Preview, Mail.
| | 01:25 | So you could actually use Image Capture
to import photos into iPhoto, or even to
| | 01:29 | attach them to a mail message.
| | 01:30 | I'm going to keep Picture
selected for this example.
| | 01:33 | Now, if you want to import every single
image on your device, all you have to do
| | 01:36 | is click Import All.
| | 01:38 | If you only want some of the images,
you can click the first image you want,
| | 01:41 | hold down the Shift key, and then
click the last image in the batch you want.
| | 01:45 | If the photos you want are non-
contiguous, hold down the Command key while
| | 01:48 | clicking thumbnails instead.
| | 01:49 | But once you have made
your selection, click Import.
| | 01:52 | I only had a few selected there.
| | 01:55 | You see the little green check marks in
the thumbnails now, indicating that I
| | 01:59 | have imported those photos.
| | 02:00 | So now if I go into my Home folder and
look in my Pictures folder, there are the
| | 02:06 | three pictures that I just imported.
| | 02:07 | Let's go back to Image Capture.
| | 02:10 | Now, once your photos have been imported,
you could delete them from your memory
| | 02:13 | card to free up some space.
| | 02:14 | Just select the photos you want to get
rid of, or press Command+A for Select
| | 02:18 | All, if you want to get rid of them
all, and then you can click the Delete
| | 02:22 | button at the bottom of the window.
| | 02:23 | I'm not going to do that right now,
but that is an option you have,
| | 02:27 | although some people feel that if
you're going to empty your entire card, you
| | 02:30 | should choose the Format Card command
on your camera to make sure your card is
| | 02:33 | formatted by the camera for optimal performance.
| | 02:36 | I'm not sure it really makes a
difference myself, but the end result is still an
| | 02:38 | empty memory card, so use
whichever method you prefer.
| | 02:41 | Now, before we leave Image Capture,
I also want to point out that this is
| | 02:44 | where you set your preference for what
happens when you plug this particular
| | 02:47 | device into your Mac.
| | 02:48 | Let me expand this a bit so
you can read the whole thing.
| | 02:51 | At the bottom of the left column, here
it says Connecting this camera opens, and
| | 02:55 | then we have this menu where we can
select iPhoto, Image Capture, Preview,
| | 02:58 | AutoImporter, or other.
| | 03:00 | So, for example, if I wanted Image
Capture to always open anytime I plugged in
| | 03:03 | my card, I would just select Image Capture here.
| | 03:05 | Or if you prefer no application to
automatically open, choose No application.
| | 03:10 | You'll still be able to import your
photos with the application of your choice;
| | 03:13 | this just makes this so no
applications automatically open.
| | 03:16 | And this is especially useful to know
if you have an iPhone or another device
| | 03:20 | that you often plug into your
Mac that it thinks as a camera.
| | 03:22 | Now, the iPhone is a camera, but most
of the time when I plug mine into my
| | 03:25 | Mac, it's not to import photos, yet
iPhoto always opened, until I came into
| | 03:29 | Image Capture, selected my iPhone from
Devices, and then set the menu to No application.
| | 03:35 | So bear that in mind if you're tired of
iPhoto opening every time you plug your
| | 03:38 | iPhone into your Mac. Okay.
| | 03:39 | So that's importing photos using Image Capture.
| | 03:41 | Let's take a look at the process in iPhoto now.
| | 03:43 | I'll quit Image Capture, and I'll
open iPhoto from my Applications folder.
| | 03:51 | Importing photos in iPhoto is
pretty similar to using Image Capture.
| | 03:54 | Once you plug in your device, it
should show up under Devices, and when you
| | 03:57 | select it, you'll see the
thumbnails of your images.
| | 03:59 | And just like in Image Capture, you
can either click Import All, or you
| | 04:03 | can Shift+Click to select
pictures, or Command+Click to select
| | 04:08 | non-contiguous pictures.
| | 04:10 | I'll just click Import All in this case.
| | 04:14 | Now, once the importing is done, you
have the option of deleting your imported
| | 04:16 | photos from your card.
| | 04:17 | I'm going to leave mine on my
card by saying, Keep Photos.
| | 04:21 | My thought is that it's a good idea to
have a backup copy of the photos on your
| | 04:24 | card, at least until you're running out
of space on it, and by that time you've
| | 04:27 | hopefully backed up your iPhoto Library.
| | 04:29 | Now, there are many other photo
management software applications out there,
| | 04:32 | which you can use to import
images from your digital camera.
| | 04:34 | But again, the process is
fairly similar in almost all cases.
| | 04:38 | If you followed how to import with
Image Capture and iPhoto, you should be
| | 04:41 | able to figure out how to import
photos with just about any other photo-
| | 04:44 | management application.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Storing and organizing digital images| 00:00 | Previously we looked at how to import
images from your digital camera into your
| | 00:03 | Mac using either Image Capture or iPhoto.
| | 00:06 | Image Capture is nice when you want to
import photos that you don't necessarily
| | 00:09 | want to store with your iPhoto pictures -
maybe you took some shots of something
| | 00:13 | you want to sell on eBay, for example -
| | 00:15 | but when you are importing photos that
you want to store and manage, you should
| | 00:17 | definitely use iPhoto.
| | 00:18 | So in this video I am going to show
you some basic features of iPhoto for
| | 00:22 | organizing and finding the
photos you have imported.
| | 00:23 | I am using iPhoto '09 in this example,
so if you have an older version, not
| | 00:28 | everything I show you will necessarily
be available, but you will still be able
| | 00:30 | to manage your photos quite easily
with whichever version of iPhoto you have.
| | 00:34 | Once you have imported pictures
into iPhoto, they will all be found under
| | 00:37 | the Library section of the panel
in the left-hand side of the screen.
| | 00:40 | To see them all in chronological
order, click the Photos category.
| | 00:44 | Here you can scroll through your photos
in the order in which they were imported.
| | 00:51 | Double-clicking any thumbnail enlarges
it so you can view it, and you can use
| | 00:55 | the right and left arrow keys on your
keyboard to move from photo to photo while
| | 00:58 | in this full window view.
| | 01:00 | Click again to go back to the Thumbnail view.
| | 01:02 | And you can adjust the size of the
thumbnails using the slider down here, if you
| | 01:05 | want to make them a little bit
smaller or make them much larger.
| | 01:08 | Notice that by default the photos
are divided into events. For instance, I have an
| | 01:15 | Australia Event, a Hoover Dam
Event, up here I have a Taiwan Event.
| | 01:21 | Basically, each time you import a set
of photos into iPhoto, it groups photos
| | 01:24 | taken during a certain period of time,
like an afternoon birthday party or a
| | 01:28 | family dinner, into Events.
| | 01:29 | For example, the photos that I imported
in the previous video are right here at
| | 01:33 | the bottom in this untitled event.
| | 01:35 | But I can click and Rename this,
call this Horseshoe Curve, Altoona, PA.
| | 01:47 | And you can view your photos as
events by clicking Events under Library.
| | 01:50 | So here, instead of seeing thumbnails
for every single photo in your library,
| | 01:54 | you see one photo from each event.
| | 01:56 | Moving your mouse over events lets you
glimpse the other photos in that event.
| | 02:03 | And double-clicking an event takes
you into it, where you can see all the
| | 02:06 | pictures from that set.
| | 02:09 | Click All Events to go back.
| | 02:11 | The Events view is nice because it
makes it easier to find pictures you are
| | 02:13 | looking for by just giving you one
representative shot from each event, instead
| | 02:17 | of having to scroll through
thumbnails of all of your pictures.
| | 02:20 | Most likely though, you'll also want
to create your own custom collections of
| | 02:23 | photos, so you can more easily share
and show them to your friends and family.
| | 02:27 | Pretty much all photo management
tools, like iPhoto, let you create albums or
| | 02:30 | folders into which you can
drag whatever pictures you like.
| | 02:33 | In iPhoto, you create an
album by clicking the Plus button.
| | 02:36 | I'll select Album, and I am
going to call this one Travel.
| | 02:42 | I am going to uncheck Use selected items
in new album, since I didn't select any
| | 02:46 | photos for this album yet,
and I will click Create.
| | 02:48 | So you can see that places an empty
album called Travel in the Source pane.
| | 02:53 | Now all I have to do is drag in
the photos that I want in this album.
| | 02:56 | So I will go back to either Events or Photos.
| | 02:58 | I can just drag to select a good chunk
of these photos, and then just drag them
| | 03:08 | into the Travel album.
| | 03:10 | So when I select my album, I can
see all the photos I dragged in.
| | 03:13 | Let's make the thumbnails a little smaller.
| | 03:15 | In an album, you can arrange the
photos in any order you like, which is
| | 03:20 | something you can't do in
any of the views under Library.
| | 03:23 | So I can easily just drag photos
anywhere I like, and in any order I like.
| | 03:29 | iPhoto also lets you create
what are called Smart Albums.
| | 03:31 | A Smart Album is an album that
populates itself with photos based on
| | 03:35 | parameters that you set up.
| | 03:36 | For example, I will click the Plus
button again, but this time I will choose
| | 03:40 | Smart Album. And here you can choose
from any number of items in this first
| | 03:44 | menu, like Album, Date, Event, Face,
which take advantage of iPhoto's ability
| | 03:50 | to recognize faces.
| | 03:51 | So you could auto-create albums with photos of
specific people in them, which is pretty cool.
| | 03:55 | And you can even specify data
pertaining to the settings on your camera when
| | 03:58 | the photo was shot.
| | 03:59 | So you can create an album of photos that
were taken with or without say the flash firing.
| | 04:04 | For this example, I will choose Date.
| | 04:07 | Now, what you select in this first menu
affects how the other menus in the fields appear.
| | 04:11 | So now with Date selected, for
instance, I could choose is in the last, and
| | 04:16 | we will say 5 months.
| | 04:21 | So I would then have an album that
constantly updates itself to show me all the
| | 04:24 | photos taken within the past five months.
| | 04:26 | Or maybe I want to see all the photos
that were taken in, say, the last half of 2008.
| | 04:30 | So I could say, Date is in the
range of 6/1/2008 and 12/31/2008.
| | 04:44 | And I will definitely want to give
this a name other than untitled album.
| | 04:48 | I will call this Late 2008, and click OK
to create my Smart Album. There it is.
| | 04:57 | And notice its already been filled with
all the photos in my Library that fall
| | 05:00 | into that Date range.
| | 05:01 | So that's just a brief glimpse of
some ways you can organize and view your
| | 05:06 | photos in iPhoto, and again, you will
find many similar features in other photo
| | 05:09 | management software.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Basic image manipulation| 00:00 | Many times the photos you shoot might not
come out as good-looking as you had hoped for.
| | 00:04 | Maybe the picture is a little too dark
or bright, maybe some stranger's walking
| | 00:08 | through the background, or maybe there
is a slight color tint to the photo.
| | 00:11 | In this movie, I am going to show you
some basic image editing techniques
| | 00:14 | you can apply in iPhoto.
| | 00:15 | Again, you will find many similar
tools available in other image editing
| | 00:18 | programs, but I am using iPhoto since
it's most likely already on your Mac.
| | 00:22 | Start by selecting the image you want
to edit, and then click the Edit button.
| | 00:26 | So the editing tools are located at
the bottom of the window, and there are
| | 00:31 | several things you can do there.
| | 00:33 | First of all, if the image is rotated on
its side, just click the Rotate button,
| | 00:37 | until it's right side up.
| | 00:39 | The Crop tool is nice when you want to
print your photo on a specific size of
| | 00:42 | paper, and you want to make sure
your photo is the proper dimensions.
| | 00:45 | Click Crop, then select to size.
| | 00:48 | For example, you might be printing to
5 x 7 or 4 x 6 piece of photo paper.
| | 00:54 | That gives you a crop area with the
proper dimensions, and you can resize that
| | 00:58 | as necessary. I'm just
going to do something like this.
| | 01:05 | When you are done, click Apply,
and now my photo has been cropped.
| | 01:09 | Now the Pagoda in this photo looks just
a little crooked to me, so I am going to
| | 01:12 | select the Straighten tool, which you can
see it gives me this grid, and now I can
| | 01:16 | use the slider and slightly rotate
the photo until it looks about right.
| | 01:20 | And I will close the Straighten
tool by clicking the X button.
| | 01:26 | Next we have the Enhance button, which
is for anyone who doesn't know much about
| | 01:29 | photo correction, but still wants a
photo with good color and contrast.
| | 01:32 | So I will go ahead and click that.
| | 01:33 | Now Apple has never been very specific
about explaining exactly what the Enhance
| | 01:38 | button does, but when you click it, it
appears that iPhoto examines, among other
| | 01:41 | things, the picture's light levels,
color balance, and saturation, and adjusts
| | 01:46 | everything to give a better
looking version of your picture.
| | 01:48 | Sometimes it results in no significant
change in your picture, but more often
| | 01:52 | than not, the results are better
than what you started out with.
| | 01:55 | The Enhance button works really work
with photos that are too dark or that might
| | 01:58 | not have enough contrast.
| | 01:59 | Now one of the ways you can see what
it's doing is by opening up the Adjust pane.
| | 02:03 | Let me choose Edit > Undo Enhance
Photo to take off that enhancement.
| | 02:08 | The Adjust pane is where you will find
manual controls for image adjustments.
| | 02:11 | So now when I click Enhance
again, watch the Enhance pane.
| | 02:15 | You can see exactly what settings were applied.
| | 02:18 | This is a good way to learn how to use
the Adjustment pane by just observing
| | 02:21 | what the automatic adjustment does.
| | 02:22 | If you do want to experiment in the
Adjust pane, you can just drag sliders
| | 02:26 | around to see what they do, and
this is another good way to learn.
| | 02:33 | There is nothing really more hands on than this.
| | 02:35 | I kind of like how the Highlight
slider is bringing out some of those clouds
| | 02:39 | that are around the pagoda right there, so
maybe I will leave that like right about there.
| | 02:43 | Now if you totally mess the picture up,
just click the Reset button, to set the
| | 02:47 | Adjust pane back to its defaults.
| | 02:49 | Let me close that. Now in addition you
also have the Effects pane, in which you
| | 02:54 | just click various effects
to apply them to your image.
| | 02:56 | You can click each effect multiple
times to increase their affect on the
| | 03:02 | picture, or click the Center button
Original, to revert back to the original version.
| | 03:06 | And you can combine these effects as
well. For instance, maybe I want to boot
| | 03:10 | the color and also add a bit of an
edge blur to the photo, like so.
| | 03:15 | I kind of like the original more,
so I am going to go back to that.
| | 03:20 | iPhoto also includes a Red Eye tool,
which is great for photos of people in
| | 03:24 | which the Flash from the camera has
caused their pupils to become red, and there
| | 03:27 | is also a Retouch tool, which is very
good for removing blemishes from skin or
| | 03:31 | other imperfections in your photos.
| | 03:32 | For example, maybe I could use it to get
rid of this street lamp sticking up out
| | 03:37 | of the trees right here.
| | 03:38 | I am going to first resize my brush, a
little smaller, maybe a little bit bigger
| | 03:44 | than that, and all I have to do here is
to just click and drag over the street
| | 03:47 | lamp, do it a couple more times,
and the street lamp is gone.
| | 03:56 | So there you have a quick run down of all
the powerful editing tools found in iPhoto.
| | 04:00 | I will click Done, and now
my photo has been edited.
| | 04:05 | Again, you will find similar image
editing tools in other photo software
| | 04:07 | applications as well.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Tagging images| 00:00 | When you have a digital camera, it's
pretty much inevitable that your photo
| | 00:03 | collection is going to
grow larger year after year.
| | 00:05 | So it makes sense to take steps to
ensure that you will be able to find certain
| | 00:08 | photos, or types of photos,
when you need to, later on.
| | 00:11 | In previous movies, we saw how to
organize your photos using Albums and Smart
| | 00:15 | Albums. In this movie, I want to
introduce a concept of tagging your photos,
| | 00:19 | which is an ability common in
most photo management applications.
| | 00:22 | When you tag a photo, you are
attaching a keyword, or multiple keywords, to
| | 00:25 | the photos file. It doesn't involve
having to create any special albums or
| | 00:28 | everything, but it does have to be done
manually, and is therefore a bit time consuming.
| | 00:33 | But tagging photos after you import them
is a good habit to get into, because it
| | 00:36 | makes finding your photos later much easier.
| | 00:38 | For example, if you have just imported
photos of your cat and dog, you might
| | 00:41 | want to tag those pictures with the words "pets."
| | 00:44 | Then sometime in the future when you
want to find pictures of your pets, you
| | 00:46 | can just search by keyword, and any photos
of your pets you tagged, will then appear.
| | 00:50 | So let's take a look at
how to do this in iPhoto.
| | 00:52 | I have these photos from my trips to
Australia and the Hoover Dam, and I want
| | 00:56 | tag them with keywords.
| | 00:58 | So in iPhoto, I choose Window > Show Keywords.
| | 01:02 | iPhoto has a handful of pre-created
keywords in here, and you can make your own
| | 01:05 | by clicking the Edit keywords button,
but all I need to do now is to select the
| | 01:09 | photos I want to tag - in this case, I
will just drag and select all the photos
| | 01:12 | in the Hoover Dam in Australia sets -
and then click the appropriate keyword.
| | 01:17 | In this case, I will click Vacation.
| | 01:19 | And you can see that each photo now
has been tagged with the word "Vacation."
| | 01:22 | And you can have multiple
tags associated with your photos.
| | 01:25 | For example, maybe I want to create a
keyword by choosing edit keywords, I'll
| | 01:29 | click the Plus button, and I will call
this one overseas, and I will use this to
| | 01:34 | tag any photos shot outside North America.
| | 01:36 | So, now I will select my Australia
photos, and I will tag those with overseas.
| | 01:43 | So you can see now those photos are
tagged with vacation and overseas.
| | 01:47 | And by the way, if you accidentally
placed a wrong tag on a photo - for
| | 01:50 | example, if I select the Hoover Dam
photo and click overseas - just click the
| | 01:54 | tag again to remove it.
| | 01:55 | Go ahead and close that now.
| | 01:59 | So it does take some time after
importing to tag your photos, but now I can
| | 02:02 | easily find the photos I have tagged.
| | 02:03 | I just click the Search menu at the
bottom of the Window, choose Keyword, which
| | 02:08 | makes all of my keywords appear, and now I just
click the keywords for the photos I am looking for.
| | 02:12 | I will click Vacation. There are those.
And you can search for photos with
| | 02:16 | multiple keywords, so I will click
Overseas, and that further narrows down my
| | 02:19 | results, so now I am just seeing the
photos I have both the vacation and
| | 02:22 | overseas tags attached.
| | 02:24 | So that's a little bit on how to tag
photos with keywords and how they are used.
| | 02:27 | Try to get into the habit with your
own photos each time you import a new
| | 02:30 | set into your Mac.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Sharing images| 00:00 | It's probably safe to assume you'll want
to share many of your digital photos
| | 00:03 | with friends and family.
| | 00:05 | For those times when the people with
whom you want to share your photos aren't
| | 00:07 | sitting in front of your Mac,
iPhoto offers several options.
| | 00:10 | First, start by selecting the photos you
want to share. I will just hold down the
| | 00:14 | Command key and click a couple of
these pictures, and we will look at the
| | 00:18 | buttons in the lower right-hand corner.
| | 00:20 | Now, the first button, MobileMe, is
if you subscribe to Apple's MobileMe
| | 00:23 | service, which offers online storage
and web galleries you can publish to from
| | 00:27 | applications like iPhoto, so you can provide a
web address for people to view your pictures.
| | 00:31 | If you have a Facebook page, just like
everyone else these days, you can publish
| | 00:35 | directly to Facebook, so your
Facebook friends will see your photos on your
| | 00:37 | account, and the same goes for
Flickr, the online photo sharing site.
| | 00:41 | But the one sharing option you will
probably use most often is e-mail, since
| | 00:45 | just about everyone has an
e-mail address these days.
| | 00:47 | And the great thing about e-mailing
photos from iPhoto is that iPhoto can
| | 00:50 | automatically resize your
photos into an e-mailable size.
| | 00:54 | You have probably been on the
receiving end of someone e-mailing you photos
| | 00:56 | before, in which all the photos come
through at huge sizes, making you have to
| | 01:00 | scroll up, down, and left and
right, just to see the picture.
| | 01:03 | So in iPhoto, just select your photos, and
then click e-mail. Then you need to choose a size.
| | 01:09 | When you make your selection - I will just say
Large - when you make your selection,
| | 01:13 | you will see an estimated file size
appear, so you can better gauge whether you
| | 01:16 | will be able to send the photos at this size.
| | 01:18 | Many e-mail providers put file size
caps on attachments, so you should probably
| | 01:21 | try to keep your attachments under
six or seven megabytes. In this case, my
| | 01:25 | estimated size is 1.2 megabytes for three
photos at this size, so that should be fine.
| | 01:29 | And when you have chosen a size, click
Compose Message, and then in a moment, you
| | 01:34 | will see a new message
window containing your images.
| | 01:39 | Now, at this point, all you have to do
is enter your recipient's e-mail address,
| | 01:43 | change the subject line if you want to,
and maybe add a message to the body of
| | 01:46 | the e-mail if you want, and then you
just click Send to share your photos.
| | 01:49 | Let me just cancel this for now.
| | 01:51 | Now, if your e-mail gets returned to
you saying the files are too large, you
| | 01:56 | might have to select a smaller size in
iPhoto, or alternatively, choose fewer images
| | 02:00 | and send them in separate e-mails
to keep the overall file size down.
| | 02:03 | But as you can see, it's pretty easy
to share your photos through e-mail via
| | 02:06 | iPhoto, and if you don't use iPhoto,
you'll most likely find similar ease of use
| | 02:10 | for e-mailing your photo in
other photo management applications.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
10. Introduction to Sharing FilesCommon obstacles in sharing files| 00:00 | When it comes to sharing files with
other people, there are several factors
| | 00:03 | that contribute to how easy, or in many cases
how difficult, this process can actually be.
| | 00:07 | The goal of sharing is to get a file
from your computer to another person's
| | 00:10 | computer, and the first issue that
comes up is probably the file's size.
| | 00:15 | The file size greatly influences
how you are going to share the file.
| | 00:18 | If the file size is small, like a text
document or a couple of photos, you can
| | 00:22 | probably attach the files to an e-mail
and send them off. But if you are trying
| | 00:25 | to share, say, a large video or audio
file, e-mail is probably ruled out for all
| | 00:30 | but the shortest clips, and you are
going to have to find some other method to
| | 00:33 | transfer the file from your
computer to your recipients.
| | 00:36 | One option is using portable media, like
CD ROMs or flash drives, and that's the
| | 00:40 | second hurdle, figuring out what sort of
method or media to use in the transfer.
| | 00:44 | How many CDs do you need?
| | 00:45 | Does it make sense to burn a dozen
CDs, a couple of DVDs, or a single
| | 00:49 | Blu-ray disc instead?
| | 00:50 | Can your recipient even read Blu-
ray discs on his or her computer?
| | 00:55 | Should you send an actual hard drive instead?
| | 00:57 | And once your files reach their
destination, you may run into the issue of
| | 01:00 | compatibility: maybe you are sending a
Microsoft Word document, but can your
| | 01:04 | recipient open Word documents?
| | 01:06 | Not if they don't have Word or some
other Word compatible software installed.
| | 01:09 | And even then, do they have the fonts
you've used, or is your document going to
| | 01:12 | look different on their
computer than it does on yours?
| | 01:15 | If you are sending a video file, do they
have the proper applications to watch the video?
| | 01:19 | And these are just a handful of general
examples of the obstacles that crop up
| | 01:22 | when you just want to get a file from
A to B. We are not going to be able to
| | 01:26 | look at ever possible file sharing
option in this option in this chapter, but
| | 01:28 | I do want to look at two specific ways
to help ensure that your files can be
| | 01:32 | received and viewed by your recipients,
as consistently and successfully as possible.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Creating PDFs for document sharing| 00:00 | One of the most common problems that
occur when trying to share documents
| | 00:03 | between computers and operating
systems is that one or more of the recipients
| | 00:07 | may not have the software used
by the creator of the document.
| | 00:10 | For example, many people
still don't have Microsoft Word,
| | 00:12 | so when their friends or coworkers
send them over a Word document, they might
| | 00:15 | not have any way to view it.
| | 00:17 | Even if they do have Word, they still
need to have all the same fonts used in
| | 00:20 | the document in order to see the
document exactly as the creator intended.
| | 00:23 | There is also the possibility that
they're using a version of Word that's too
| | 00:27 | old to read a document created
by the latest version of Word.
| | 00:30 | So there are many things that can
stand in the way of this seemingly simple act of
| | 00:33 | trying to send a document to
someone so they can read it or review it.
| | 00:37 | The solution to this problem is the
Adobe PDF, or Portable Document Format.
| | 00:41 | You've most likely come
across PDF documents before.
| | 00:44 | PDFs ensure that documents look exactly
the way their creators intended, with the
| | 00:48 | exact fonts, layout, and appearance.
| | 00:50 | PDFs can be viewed by anyone using a
Mac, or anyone on a PC with a copy of the
| | 00:55 | free Adobe Reader application, which
can be downloaded from Adobe's web site.
| | 01:00 | The Adobe Reader application is
available for both Windows and Mac OS X, but you
| | 01:04 | don't absolutely have to download it,
since all Mac's have PDF reading
| | 01:07 | capabilities built-in, through
the application called Preview.
| | 01:11 | Another advantage of being on a Mac, in
this case, is that all Macs can generate
| | 01:15 | PDFs from any application that can print.
| | 01:17 | So you don't need any additional
software to create a PDF on a Mac.
| | 01:20 | Let's take a look at how it's done.
| | 01:21 | So I have this document open in Microsoft Word.
| | 01:25 | It's an Employee Manual.
| | 01:26 | As you can see, it's been formatted
with colors, various fonts, and the
| | 01:30 | layout is fairly stylized.
| | 01:33 | Now as the creator of this document, I
want to make sure it looks just like this
| | 01:36 | when it's received by my employees.
| | 01:37 | But right now, it's a Word document, and
not everyone is guaranteed to have Word.
| | 01:41 | Now on a Mac, you can open a Word
documents in TextEdit, but watch what happens.
| | 01:50 | As you can see, none of
the formatting made it over.
| | 01:52 | All the text is there, but it doesn't
look nearly as nice as my original document.
| | 01:56 | So I'm going to convert my
Word document into a PDF.
| | 02:00 | To do this, I simply choose File > Print.
| | 02:03 | Now we took a look at this earlier in the
movie on printing, but it bears a closer look.
| | 02:08 | Right now, I'm looking at
the collapsed Print dialog box.
| | 02:11 | Remember, you can expand it by using this
arrow here, or you can collapse it again.
| | 02:15 | But in either case, you're going to have
this PDF button in the lower left-hand corner.
| | 02:18 | So to create a PDF, I just click that
button, and I'll see several options.
| | 02:22 | Out of all of these options, I tend
to choose Save as PDF, because that
| | 02:27 | generates a PDF version of my document
and saves it to a location of my choice.
| | 02:31 | After that, I can then decide
whether I want to e-mail it, copy it to a
| | 02:34 | flash drive, or whatever.
| | 02:36 | If I instead choose to say Mail PDF
and attach this document to an e-mail
| | 02:40 | message, I'll have to then create
another PDF the next time I needed another
| | 02:43 | copy of this document.
| | 02:45 | By saving it as a file, I have a copy
sitting on my Mac that I can get to it
| | 02:48 | anytime without having to
generate another version.
| | 02:51 | So I'll choose Save as PDF.
| | 02:52 | I'm going to call this Employee Manual.
| | 02:56 | I'm going to choose save this to my desktop.
| | 02:58 | Now you have the options of adding
information like Title, Author, Subject, and Keywords.
| | 03:03 | These fields are here if you want to
make the PDF more searchable if someone
| | 03:06 | using Adobe Reader needs to search
through several PDFs for specific content.
| | 03:11 | The more detailed you are here with
these fields, the better the chance people
| | 03:14 | will be able to find your
PDF among several others.
| | 03:16 | But it really depends on whether you think
it's necessary to fill any of this stuff out.
| | 03:19 | I'll just leave it as is.
| | 03:21 | Now we'll also have the option to password
protect the PDF by clicking Security Options.
| | 03:26 | Here you can require a password to
even open the document, which is nice if,
| | 03:30 | for example, I only want my employees
to be able to open the Employee Manual.
| | 03:34 | You can also protect your PDFs
contents from being copied, and prevent it
| | 03:38 | from being printed.
| | 03:39 | This printing restriction is nice for
designers who may want to send a proof
| | 03:42 | of their work to a client, but don't
want the client printing the document
| | 03:45 | before paying for it.
| | 03:46 | I'm just going to choose all three
options so you can see how they work.
| | 03:51 | Now I have to enter a password here.
| | 03:53 | This first password is the password
that'll be necessary to even open the document.
| | 03:56 | I will just type one in here,
and confirm it by typing it again.
| | 04:02 | The second and third options here
are controlled by a second password.
| | 04:06 | Again, we'll confirm it. I'll click OK.
| | 04:11 | Now I'll click Save to save my PDF.
| | 04:15 | There is my PDF sitting on my desktop.
| | 04:19 | Notice it has a lock icon, indicating
that this is a password-protected PDF.
| | 04:23 | I'm going to double-click
it to open it in Preview.
| | 04:26 | So the first thing I see is
This PDF is password protected.
| | 04:29 | We need to enter the
password to even open this document.
| | 04:32 | So I'll type the password.
| | 04:34 | It's very important that you don't
forget your password or else you have to
| | 04:37 | recreate your PDF from the
original source document again.
| | 04:40 | Having typed the correct password, I
now have access to the entire document.
| | 04:46 | Notice it looks
identical to what we saw in Word:
| | 04:48 | the same layout, the same fonts, and all.
| | 04:52 | Again, this can be opened on any
computer, Mac or PC, and will look the
| | 04:56 | same across the board.
| | 04:57 | Now also notice that if I try to
select some text, and choose Edit > Copy,
| | 05:03 | I get a message telling me this
document is protected, and then I'll need the
| | 05:07 | password to perform this task.
| | 05:09 | I'm just going to cancel that.
| | 05:11 | Similarly, if I try to print this
document, I get the same message.
| | 05:16 | Again, I need to enter a password
if I want to print this document.
| | 05:20 | So that's how the Security Options work
when you generate a password-protected PDF.
| | 05:24 | But again, that's just an option.
| | 05:26 | You don't have to add security
settings at all if you don't want or need to.
| | 05:29 | That's how you go by creating PDFs on
your Mac from any application that has
| | 05:32 | printing capabilities.
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| Compressing files| 00:00 | Regardless of the type of file you're
sending to someone, if you're using the
| | 00:03 | Internet to send the file, whether via
e-mail or a web-based sharing service,
| | 00:07 | another habit you should get into is to
compress your files before sending them off.
| | 00:10 | When it comes to the web,
file size still matters a lot.
| | 00:14 | It's a major determining factor in how
long it takes to send and receive a file,
| | 00:17 | or whether you can send the file at all.
| | 00:19 | Compressing a file does
just what it sounds like.
| | 00:21 | It makes the file smaller.
| | 00:23 | Fortunately, Mac OS X has the ability
to compress the files in the most popular
| | 00:26 | compression format, the zip format.
| | 00:28 | Let's see how it works.
| | 00:30 | I have here in this window a
folder with several files in it.
| | 00:33 | Now I could easily open a new e-mail
message and drag all these files into the
| | 00:36 | message as separate documents,
| | 00:38 | but you're going to find that
compressing multiple files into a single
| | 00:41 | attachment generally results in the
files getting to their destination without
| | 00:44 | corruption or errors much more
frequently than sending everything uncompressed
| | 00:48 | as individual attachments.
| | 00:50 | But this isn't to say that you
shouldn't compress single files.
| | 00:53 | Even if I were only sending a single
word processing document, I would probably
| | 00:56 | still compress it,
especially if it's a large document.
| | 00:59 | Word processors are notorious for not
being very efficient with the amount of
| | 01:02 | space their files take up.
| | 01:04 | So to zip up these files,
I simply select them all.
| | 01:07 | And in this case, I'll just
draw a rectangle around them all.
| | 01:11 | Now, I'll choose File > Compress 8 Items.
| | 01:16 | Just like that, this file
called Archive has been created.
| | 01:19 | I am just going to drag that to my desktop.
| | 01:21 | Let's close that window for now.
| | 01:24 | So when you compress your files, you're
not doing anything to the original files.
| | 01:27 | Those eight items are still
sitting uncompressed on my computer.
| | 01:30 | I just have a copy of them compressed
sitting on my Desktop, currently named Archive.zip.
| | 01:35 | At this point, I generally like to
rename the files, and do something a
| | 01:38 | little less generic.
| | 01:40 | So I'll just click in the file name.
| | 01:41 | I'm going to call this employee documents.
| | 01:47 | Now I have this single file to attach
to an e-mail that's a little smaller in
| | 01:50 | size than the original collection of documents.
| | 01:53 | Now, how does compression work?
| | 01:55 | To explain it in very basic terms,
compression programs examine the contents of
| | 01:59 | a file and try to locate the
redundant information, which you can then use a
| | 02:03 | sort of shorthand to compress.
| | 02:04 | For example, let me open up TextEdit.
| | 02:06 | Let's say I have a file that
contains the following characters.
| | 02:14 | Now a compression program might look at this,
and say, okay, there are four A's in a row.
| | 02:18 | So it would write 4A.
| | 02:19 | There are four Is in a row. So I'll type 4I.
| | 02:21 | There are one, two, three,
four, five, six Es; 6E.
| | 02:25 | So instead of writing all of these
characters, it would write 4A4I6E, which is
| | 02:32 | much shorter than spelling the whole thing out.
| | 02:34 | Now when it comes times for the
recipient of this file to decompress it, their
| | 02:38 | compression program will look at this shorthand,
and then expand it out into the full version.
| | 02:42 | Now again, this is a highly simplified
explanation of how compression works, but
| | 02:46 | I think it's a fair representation.
| | 02:49 | So let's talk about what happens
when you receive a compressed file.
| | 02:52 | Well, again, the Mac requires no
additional software to expand or unpack a zipped file.
| | 02:57 | So let's say I just receive this file
called employee documents, and I have
| | 03:01 | it copied to my desktop.
| | 03:02 | So to unzip this zip file,
I just double-click it.
| | 03:07 | Just like that, the folder of files is
unpacked and sitting here on my desktop.
| | 03:11 | I can open it up and see
all the individual files.
| | 03:14 | Now at this point, I could throw away
the zip file, or I could just save it in a
| | 03:17 | case I want to keep a
compressed version of these files.
| | 03:19 | So it's super easy to zip
and unzip files on a Mac.
| | 03:23 | In reality, it's not that
difficult to do on Windows either.
| | 03:25 | So if you're sending a zip file to
Windows users, they'll be able to unpack
| | 03:29 | your files as well.
| | 03:30 | I highly recommend you always zip any
files you intend to send over the Internet.
| | 03:34 | You might not see a significant file
size saving for smaller files, but it can
| | 03:37 | make a big difference for
larger collections of files.
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|
|
ConclusionWhat's next?| 00:00 | By now, I hope you feel a little more
knowledgeable and comfortable when it
| | 00:03 | comes to using your Mac.
| | 00:05 | Of course, we covered things
from a very basic level here.
| | 00:07 | A lot of your comfort is going to rely
on just spending more time in front of
| | 00:10 | your computer using various applications.
| | 00:12 | You'll probably also want to check out
several courses on the lynda.com Online
| | 00:16 | Training Library for more in-depth
instruction on specific applications.
| | 00:20 | Some courses you should check out
include Mac OS Snow Leopard New Features,
| | 00:24 | which cover the latest and greatest
features of the Mac operating system,
| | 00:27 | including detailed looks at
its built-in applications.
| | 00:29 | Our courses on the iWork suite of
applications from Apple will get you up to
| | 00:33 | speed with Pages, Numbers, and Keynote,
Apple's word processing, spreadsheet,
| | 00:37 | and presentation programs.
| | 00:38 | Our iPhoto training will pretty much
have you covered in terms of managing, editing,
| | 00:42 | and sharing your digital photos.
| | 00:44 | There are lots of other courses
you'll most likely find useful on the
| | 00:46 | Online Training Library.
| | 00:48 | But most of all, you should just spent
time playing around with your Mac, and
| | 00:50 | really getting to know it.
| | 00:52 | Don't be afraid to click around and experiment.
| | 00:54 | It's a great way to learn.
| | 00:56 | So I hope you'll be able to take what
you've learned here and go further with
| | 00:58 | your computer than you ever
thought you would. I'm Garrick Chow.
| | 01:01 | See you next time!
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