IntroductionWelcome| 00:00 | (Music playing)
| | 00:03 | Hi! My name is Jeff Bartels and I would like
to welcome you to AutoCAD 2011 New Features.
| | 00:09 | In this title, I am going to get you
up to speed with all of the improvements
| | 00:12 | that have been made to AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:13 | We will start off by looking at the
improvements made to the interface,
| | 00:18 | including the new web-based help system
designed to make it even easier to learn
| | 00:22 | AutoCAD and find answers to our questions.
| | 00:25 | Next, we will look at the wealth of
new drawing tools that have been added.
| | 00:28 | For instance, we can now edit our
polylines and splines using intuitive grip menus.
| | 00:33 | Parametric constraints have also been updated.
| | 00:36 | Rather than constructing our geometry
first and then applying constraints,
| | 00:40 | we can have AutoCAD apply the constraints
automatically, based on our object snap choices.
| | 00:45 | Transparency is now a property that
can be assigned to specific objects or it
| | 00:49 | can be applied on a layer by layer basis.
| | 00:52 | If you work in 3D, you are going to love
the new visual styles that make it even
| | 00:56 | easier to view and edit your conceptual designs.
| | 01:00 | Surface objects have been
completely reborn in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 01:04 | They can now be created as easily as a
solid or mesh using familiar tools like
| | 01:08 | Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, and Loft.
| | 01:11 | And they remain associative to
the geometry that created them.
| | 01:15 | The updated Materials Browser makes it
even easier to find the perfect material
| | 01:19 | or create a completely
custom material from scratch.
| | 01:22 | So if you are ready to take your
AutoCAD skills to the cutting edge, follow me
| | 01:26 | and we will get started.
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| Using the exercise files| 00:00 | If you are a Premium member of the lynda
.com Online Training Library or if you
| | 00:05 | are watching this tutorial on a disk,
you have access to the Exercise Files used
| | 00:09 | throughout this title.
| | 00:10 | Now, I have placed my Exercise Files
folder on my Desktop. You can place
| | 00:13 | yours wherever you like.
| | 00:15 | I have organized the folders based on
the chapter number and inside each folder
| | 00:19 | are the drawings used throughout that chapter.
| | 00:22 | In many cases, if I thought it was
helpful, I left you with a finished example.
| | 00:26 | If you are a monthly or annual
subscriber to lynda.com but you don't have access
| | 00:30 | to the Exercise Files, you can
follow along with your own drawings.
| | 00:34 | Let's get started.
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1. Touring the Improved InterfaceAdapting to the updated Drawing window | 00:00 | Before we start working on tutorials,
let's take a minute and look at some of
| | 00:03 | the general changes that have been
made to the interface in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:08 | Probably the most noticeable difference is the
new dark gray background color of Model space.
| | 00:13 | This is definitely an improvement,
because our layer colors have a much better
| | 00:17 | contrast over a dark
background than they do a light one.
| | 00:20 | Notice our grid is turned on by default
in 2011, and instead of the traditional
| | 00:26 | dot appearance, it now has the
appearance of engineering graph paper.
| | 00:31 | This red and green line has also been
added to help identify the X and the Y axis.
| | 00:36 | If you have done any 3D drafting in
AutoCAD, you will recognize this grid
| | 00:40 | looks very similar to the grid that
we see in the 3D AutoCAD template.
| | 00:44 | Now, that's by design, because AutoCAD
is trying to synchronize the appearance
| | 00:48 | between the 2D and 3D drafting environment.
| | 00:52 | That synchronization is why we now see
the ViewCube, even though we are working
| | 00:56 | in a 2D wireframe view.
| | 00:59 | This ViewCube is used to adjust
our view in three-dimensional space.
| | 01:03 | And you may be wondering if we are
working in 2D, is this cube really helpful?
| | 01:08 | Well, it does have one feature that's nice.
| | 01:10 | Notice these arrows in the upper right
hand corner. If I click an arrow, I can
| | 01:14 | rotate my coordinate
system in 90-degree increments.
| | 01:18 | This tool can also be used to rotate the
contents of a viewport on your layouts.
| | 01:24 | If you decide the ViewCube is not for
you, if you would like to turn this guy off,
| | 01:27 | let me show you
where you can go to do that.
| | 01:30 | I am going to come up and click the
View tab, then we will open up the Windows
| | 01:34 | panel, we will open up User Interface, and
the toggle for the ViewCube is right here.
| | 01:39 | Now, I am going to leave mine on and
I will click on screen to close this menu.
| | 01:43 | Let's take a look at a change
that's been made to the ribbon in 2011.
| | 01:48 | If you are someone who collapses their
ribbon, such that it takes up less space
| | 01:51 | on screen, you know how
to use this cycle button.
| | 01:55 | For instance, if we click it once, it will
minimize the ribbon down to the panels. Click it again.
| | 02:01 | It will minimize down to the panel names.
| | 02:04 | One more time will minimize it to tab names.
| | 02:08 | And if I click it again, it
opens up my ribbon fully on screen.
| | 02:13 | Well, in 2011, this pulldown has been added.
| | 02:17 | If I click to open up this menu,
we can see that Cycle, what we just saw,
| | 02:20 | happens to be the default.
| | 02:22 | If I have a favorite collapsed state,
I can select that from the menu and
| | 02:28 | now each time I click the cycle button,
I can switch between a full ribbon
| | 02:33 | and my favorite state.
| | 02:34 | I am going to open this back up and
we will set this back to the default.
| | 02:39 | In 2011, our Quick Access toolbar has changed.
| | 02:42 | Notice the workspace
switching tool has been added.
| | 02:46 | This makes it a little bit easier to
see the name of our current workspace.
| | 02:49 | On the right side of the
screen I have got a new Help icon.
| | 02:53 | If I click this, it will
launch the Help feature.
| | 02:55 | If I click this flyout, I get access
to additional Help resources, like the
| | 02:59 | Welcome Screen, New Features Workshop.
| | 03:03 | If we hover over Additional Resources,
we see various Help content that we can
| | 03:06 | access on the Autodesk website.
| | 03:09 | Generally speaking, this is our one
stop shop for everything help related.
| | 03:15 | On the right side of the interface,
we can see a new toolbar. This is called the
| | 03:18 | navigation bar and it contains
tools that are related to navigation.
| | 03:22 | We will take a closer look at
this toolbar in a future lesson.
| | 03:27 | Let's take a look at the status bar.
| | 03:28 | Notice there are some
additional icons down here.
| | 03:31 | These represent new settings
that are available in 2011.
| | 03:33 | For instance, this icon controls
my inferred geometric constraints.
| | 03:40 | This one lets me toggle
my 3D running object snaps.
| | 03:45 | This one controls the visibility of my
transparency, and this one allows me to
| | 03:50 | toggle my selection cycling on and off.
| | 03:52 | We will look at each of these
new settings in the coming lessons.
| | 03:56 | In the 2011 release, AutoCAD has
further refined the ribbon style interface to
| | 04:01 | make it more efficient and intuitive than ever.
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| Introducing the Navigation bar| 00:00 | One thing AutoCAD is known for is giving
you multiple ways to accomplish the same task.
| | 00:05 | Just think for a second of how many different
ways we can control the display of this grid.
| | 00:10 | Well, I can come down and click
this icon to turn the grid on and off.
| | 00:13 | I can do the same thing by
hitting Ctrl+G on my keyboard.
| | 00:17 | I can turn the grid on and off
by hitting F7 on my keyboard.
| | 00:21 | I can even type grid, hit Enter, and if
I right-click, I can control the grid's
| | 00:27 | display right here in the menu.
| | 00:30 | It has been said that there is at least
three ways to do everything in AutoCAD.
| | 00:33 | Well, the new navigation bar in AutoCAD
2011 gives us yet another way to access
| | 00:39 | our navigation tools.
| | 00:40 | Let's take a look at these
tools in the center of the toolbar.
| | 00:43 | I have got Pan, Zoom, and Orbit.
| | 00:46 | Now, you are probably already accessing
these tools using the scroll wheel on your mouse.
| | 00:51 | For instance, if I hold my scroll
wheel down, I can pan my drawing.
| | 00:55 | If I roll the wheel forward or back, I can zoom.
| | 00:58 | And if I hold down my Shift key while
holding down the scroll wheel, I can
| | 01:03 | orbit around my geometry.
| | 01:06 | When I am finished, I can release my
buttons and I am going to restore a top
| | 01:10 | view by moving up to my
ViewCube and clicking this top hotspot.
| | 01:15 | So the scroll wheel is probably your
preferred way of accessing these commands.
| | 01:19 | But what if you are working on a
laptop or a netbook and maybe you don't
| | 01:23 | have access to a mouse? Maybe you do have
a mouse, but it doesn't have a scroll wheel.
| | 01:27 | Well, in that case this navigation
bar is a perfect alternative way to
| | 01:31 | access these commands.
| | 01:33 | If I would like to pan my drawing, I
will click the Pan icon, and then I will
| | 01:36 | click-and-hold, and as I move
my mouse so I can pan my drawing.
| | 01:40 | When I am finished panning, I can hit my Escape key.
| | 01:43 | If I would like to zoom my drawing,
I can move over and click this icon.
| | 01:46 | Now, notice that Zoom
Extents happens to be the default.
| | 01:50 | There is a flyout under this icon.
| | 01:51 | If I open this up, I can
see additional zoom options.
| | 01:55 | Several of these are not
available if we use the scroll wheel.
| | 01:58 | I am going to select Zoom Object and I
will select this object and right-click,
| | 02:02 | and AutoCAD zooms and
centers that geometry on screen.
| | 02:06 | To restore a Zoom Extents view, I can
always double-click my scroll wheel or
| | 02:11 | I can come back over to this flyout
and select Zoom Extents from the menu.
| | 02:16 | To orbit my drawing, I will click the
Orbit icon and then I will click-and-hold
| | 02:18 | and I can adjust my view in 3D space.
| | 02:24 | Once again, when I am finished I will
hit my Escape key and to restore a top
| | 02:28 | view, I will click the top hotspot.
| | 02:31 | Just like the Zoom command, Orbit
also has some additional options.
| | 02:35 | Let's take a look at this icon at the top.
T his guy represents our steering wheels.
| | 02:38 | Now, I am going to click the flyout and notice
that the Full Navigation Wheel is the default.
| | 02:44 | There are other navigation
wheels I can choose from.
| | 02:46 | Now, the biggest difference between
these additional choices and the Full Wheel
| | 02:50 | is the amount of tools that we
see and the size of the wheel.
| | 02:53 | I am going to click the icon
and bring up the Full Wheel.
| | 02:57 | Let me drag this out into Model space
and take a look at some of these options.
| | 03:00 | Pan, Orbit, and Zoom.
| | 03:03 | Once again, just another
way to launch these commands.
| | 03:06 | Quick overview of how to use a steering wheel.
| | 03:09 | As you move your mouse pointer on
screen, the wheel will follow you around.
| | 03:12 | If you move the pointer inside the wheel, there
are various hotspots. These are called wedges.
| | 03:18 | And to launch a command, you will
put your pointer inside the wedge,
| | 03:21 | click-and-hold and move your mouse.
| | 03:26 | When I release, the wheel comes back.
| | 03:28 | I can click-and-hold another
wedge to access that command.
| | 03:32 | When you are finished using the
steering wheel, you can hit the Escape key or
| | 03:36 | click this X to close it.
| | 03:38 | If you would like more information
about how to use the steering wheels and how
| | 03:41 | you can incorporate them into your
workflow, you can place your cursor in the
| | 03:45 | Search area and type steering
wheels and AutoCAD will bring up several
| | 03:51 | hyperlinks that will give you
access to the information that you need.
| | 03:55 | Finally, we will look at this last command.
| | 03:57 | ShowMotion is used to create slide
presentations of the geometry in our drawings.
| | 04:01 | I am going to click the icon to
launch the command. That brings up the
| | 04:05 | ShowMotion control panel.
| | 04:07 | To create a new slide or a new shot,
I will click the New Shot icon.
| | 04:12 | This brings up a dialog box and I
can adjust several of my shot settings.
| | 04:17 | I am going to leave all of these to the default.
| | 04:18 | I am just going to select
Preview to take a look at my shot.
| | 04:26 | At this point I can click OK to save my shot
or I can click Cancel to close this dialog box.
| | 04:32 | And to close the ShowMotion tool,
I can click the X in the control panel.
| | 04:35 | Now, if you would like detailed
information about how to create slide
| | 04:39 | presentations using the ShowMotion tool,
you can place your cursor in the Search
| | 04:43 | area and type showmotion.
| | 04:47 | All one word and when you hit Enter,
AutoCAD will bring up several hyperlinks
| | 04:51 | that you can follow to get
all the information you need.
| | 04:55 | Now, if you are someone who feels
you are probably not going to use the
| | 04:57 | navigation bar, we can remove it from
the interface and we can do that by
| | 05:01 | clicking the small x. At any point in
the future if you want to turn this guy
| | 05:05 | back on, you can come up to the View tab
and then open up the Windows panel and
| | 05:12 | then User Interface, and the toggle
for the navigation bar is right here.
| | 05:17 | AutoCAD has always been great
because it lets us choose the way we want
| | 05:20 | to access commands.
| | 05:22 | This navigation bar is just another
convenient alternate way to navigate our drawings.
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| Accessing the web-based help system| 00:00 | The Help feature in AutoCAD 2011 has
moved from a local to a web-based system.
| | 00:05 | In this lesson, we're going to take a look at
how it works and how to adjust its settings.
| | 00:10 | To access the Help feature, we can click the
icon in the upper right corner of the interface.
| | 00:15 | Let's maximize this and the first thing
I want you to notice is that our Help is
| | 00:19 | coming up in a Web Browser.
| | 00:20 | That's because our Help
feature is now an online help system.
| | 00:24 | This web-based interface gives us
access to even more resources of information.
| | 00:29 | It's kind of like a Help library.
| | 00:32 | If we look at these links on the
left side, I can click each of these to
| | 00:35 | view the User's Guide, Command Reference,
Customization Guide and Driver and Peripheral Guide.
| | 00:42 | A little bit lower are some resources
that may be of interest to programmers or
| | 00:46 | developers. Beneath that are some
links that I can visit regarding the
| | 00:50 | installation of my AutoCAD.
| | 00:52 | Over here I can find some tutorials that
I can use to help me learn the program.
| | 00:57 | In the upper right I can see a listing
of some of the new features that have
| | 01:00 | been added to AutoCAD 2011.
| | 01:02 | Let's select Polylines, and in this
documentation I can find out how modifying
| | 01:09 | polylines has changed in the newest version.
| | 01:12 | I can also find out how to edit other
AutoCAD objects as well as see a listing
| | 01:16 | of additional topics that
may be of interest to me.
| | 01:19 | On the right side I can see that
AutoCAD has visited its knowledge base to look
| | 01:23 | for any documentation that may
involve the topic that I'm looking at.
| | 01:27 | Let's scroll down a little bit.
| | 01:28 | Since we're talking about modifying
polylines, notice that each modification
| | 01:33 | option has its own animation.
| | 01:35 | If I click this Play button, I can see how
that option is used in the context of the command.
| | 01:43 | Let's click back to return to the Help
homepage and right here on the right side
| | 01:48 | I can visit some additional online resources.
| | 01:51 | I can visit the Autodesk Support site,
Autodesk User Communities, I can go to
| | 01:56 | the Autodesk User Group International
website or visit some Autodesk blogs.
| | 02:01 | Down here at the bottom I can visit the
AutoCAD Exchange site, where I can ask my
| | 02:05 | question to the weekly AutoCAD expert.
| | 02:09 | If you'd like to search for information
about a particular AutoCAD topic, we can
| | 02:13 | do that by using the Search box at the
top of the screen. I am going to type
| | 02:17 | ribbon and hit Enter and AutoCAD will
search all of its resources for that
| | 02:22 | particular keyword, and it will give me
a list of hyperlinked topics right here
| | 02:27 | that I can use to find my information.
| | 02:29 | Now notice these topics are coming from
the Customization Guide. If I click an
| | 02:33 | additional title I can get more results.
| | 02:35 | For instance, if I select the
Readme guide, there are some more links.
| | 02:40 | If I want to expand my search, I can
click Advanced Search Options and I can
| | 02:45 | have AutoCAD search these
other references for my keyword.
| | 02:50 | Let's close this, because I'd
like to show you a shortcut.
| | 02:53 | Let's say you have a question
regarding a specific AutoCAD command.
| | 02:57 | Let me show you a great
way that you can get help.
| | 03:00 | Let's say I have a question
regarding the Array command.
| | 03:03 | I am going to come up and launch Array
by clicking the icon and then I'll hit
| | 03:07 | the F1 key on my keyboard.
| | 03:10 | Once again we'll maximize this,
and notice that AutoCAD will give me
| | 03:13 | context-sensitive help for the specific command.
| | 03:17 | I get a nice image of the dialog box.
AutoCAD will tell me where I can find
| | 03:22 | this command in the interface and
little bit further down I could see a listing
| | 03:26 | of all the features.
| | 03:28 | Let's scroll back to the top and if I'd
like, I can always click the Home button
| | 03:32 | to go back to the homepage of the Help feature.
| | 03:35 | Let's close this and then we'll cancel
out of the Array command and we'll talk
| | 03:39 | about some of the settings that
are associated with this online help.
| | 03:43 | To do that we are going to visit our
AutoCAD options and I can get there by
| | 03:46 | right-clicking and I'll select
Options from the menu, and if we go to the
| | 03:51 | System tab, right down here in the lower
right-hand corner we can find our Help settings.
| | 03:56 | As you can see by default AutoCAD is using
Internet Explorer to view the Help files.
| | 04:01 | If I click this radio button AutoCAD
will use my default system browser.
| | 04:06 | This checkbox determines whether
AutoCAD will use the online help resources.
| | 04:10 | If I remove this check AutoCAD will
use the help documentation that was
| | 04:14 | installed on my local system.
| | 04:17 | When you have a problem and you need
help it's important to have as many
| | 04:20 | resources of information as possible.
| | 04:22 | AutoCAD's new web-based Help feature is
a well-organized, comprehensive tool that
| | 04:27 | will help you find the
answers you're looking for.
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2. Exploring the New UtilitiesUnderstanding the new visibility controls| 00:00 | The more geometry you have in your
drawing, the more things tend to get in
| | 00:03 | the way when you work.
| | 00:05 | To help make our lives easier, AutoCAD
2011 gives us a new Isolation tool that
| | 00:10 | lets us focus on specific entities,
no matter how busy our drawing may get.
| | 00:14 | On my screen I have an architectural
example. This is an elevation view of
| | 00:18 | a single-family home.
| | 00:20 | This drawing has a fair amount of line work.
| | 00:22 | Let's see if we can make some changes,
while also simplifying what we see on screen.
| | 00:27 | I am going to start out by
zooming in on the front door.
| | 00:30 | And since my changes involve this geometry,
I would like to isolate it in my view.
| | 00:35 | To do that, I am going to come down to
the new Isolate Objects icon and click.
| | 00:39 | And I'll select Isolate Objects from the menu.
| | 00:42 | And we will then click right here
and make a window selection around this
| | 00:46 | geometry and right-click.
| | 00:48 | And notice AutoCAD has
isolated that geometry on my screen.
| | 00:52 | It's not doing this by turning off layers.
| | 00:54 | Notice if I open up the layer control,
all of my layers are still turned on.
| | 00:58 | AutoCAD is physically hiding all
of the other geometry in this file.
| | 01:02 | Well, now that my drawing is
simplified, let's make some changes.
| | 01:06 | I am going to zoom in and
we'll correct our door hardware.
| | 01:09 | I am going to launch the Trim command.
| | 01:12 | I'll make a crossing window and
select these lines, right-click, and I'll
| | 01:17 | remove this extra line.
| | 01:18 | When I am finished I'll hit my Escape key.
| | 01:21 | Let's back up and I'd
like to make another change.
| | 01:24 | I would like to reduce the height of
these windows. I'd like to change them from
| | 01:28 | four panes down to three.
| | 01:30 | But before I do that I would like to
hide this door handle hardware, such that
| | 01:35 | it doesn't get in my way.
| | 01:36 | Once again I'll come down to my
Isolate Object tool. Notice it's now red.
| | 01:41 | Whenever you see the red light bulb,
you know that there is geometry being
| | 01:44 | hidden in the current file.
| | 01:46 | I'll click the icon.
| | 01:48 | And this time instead of isolating
objects I would like to hide some objects.
| | 01:52 | So I'll select Hide and I'll make a window
selection around this hardware and right-click.
| | 01:58 | And that geometry has been added to the
other hidden geometry in this drawing.
| | 02:02 | To modify my windows, I am
going to use the Stretch command.
| | 02:06 | I will then make a crossing window
around the bottoms and I'll right-click.
| | 02:11 | And I would like to stretch them from the
endpoint right here to the endpoint there.
| | 02:16 | And finally we will practice good form.
| | 02:18 | I do have some extra line work here.
| | 02:20 | Let's launch the Erase command and I'll
click one time on each of these entities
| | 02:26 | to remove the extra line.
| | 02:28 | When I am finished, I'll right-click.
| | 02:30 | Let's back up a little bit and now
that I am done making my changes I am
| | 02:33 | going to come back down to my Isolate Objects
tool and we will select End Object Isolation.
| | 02:38 | And AutoCAD will restore all of
the hidden geometry to my screen.
| | 02:42 | Now if you like using this command try
accessing it from the right-click menu.
| | 02:46 | Notice if I right-click I can come
down to Isolate and all of my isolation
| | 02:50 | options are right here.
| | 02:53 | Remember that Object Isolation will isolate
geometry independently of the layer settings.
| | 02:58 | Using this tool is a great way to
simplify your geometry, such that you only see
| | 03:02 | the entities necessary to accomplish your task.
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| Selecting objects that have similar properties| 00:00 | Selecting objects using a window or
crossing window is fairly easy in AutoCAD,
| | 00:05 | but what if you wanted to select all of
the text in your drawing, or what if you
| | 00:08 | wanted to select all
circles on a specific layer?
| | 00:11 | Selections like these
required us to use afilter.
| | 00:14 | Well, in AutoCAD 2011 we can now make
filter-based selections using the new
| | 00:19 | Select Similar tool.
| | 00:20 | On my screen I've got a drawing
of a civil engineering detail.
| | 00:25 | If we zoom in a little bit, we can see that
this drawing contains several hatch objects.
| | 00:29 | If I hover over one of these, we can see
the hatch was drawn on a layer called det-6.
| | 00:35 | This is incorrect. The hatch
should be on a hatch layer.
| | 00:39 | To correct this I'll select one of the
hatch objects, and then I'll right-click
| | 00:43 | and choose Select Similar from the menu.
| | 00:46 | This selects all of the
hatch objects on the det-6 layer.
| | 00:50 | And to make my correction,
I'll move up to my layer control.
| | 00:54 | I'll select the correct layer and then
I'll hit Escape to deselect my entities.
| | 00:59 | Let's make another change.
| | 01:01 | When I made my section labels,
I made them a little too small.
| | 01:05 | To make these larger, it's
absolutely no problem. I can select one of the
| | 01:08 | labels, right-click, choose Select
Similar, which selects all the text on
| | 01:14 | that specific layer.
| | 01:15 | And to adjust the height of
these, I am going to hit Ctrl+1.
| | 01:19 | That brings up my Property
Changer. Right here in the Text area,
| | 01:22 | I'll come down to Paper text height
and we'll set this to 0.25 and hit Enter.
| | 01:28 | That updates all of my text.
| | 01:30 | I can then close the Property
Changer and I'll hit Escape to
| | 01:33 | deselect my entities.
| | 01:35 | Let's back up a little bit,
because I'd like to make one more change.
| | 01:38 | Let's say this is a brand-new detail that
we are creating from an existing detail.
| | 01:42 | Well, if that's the case, I am going to
need to erase some of these revision notes.
| | 01:48 | To do that I'll select one of the
notes and right-click. I'll choose Select
| | 01:52 | Similar, which grabs all of our text.
| | 01:54 | Then I'll hold my Shift key and I'll
make a crossing window around these
| | 01:58 | entities to remove them from my selection.
| | 02:01 | Just because we've selected all of the objects
doesn't mean we have to erase them all.
| | 02:06 | Now that my selection is finished,
I'll move up and click the Erase icon to
| | 02:09 | erase those entities.
| | 02:11 | By default Select Similar is selecting
our objects based on object type and layer.
| | 02:17 | Let's take a look at how we can
adjust the Select Similar settings.
| | 02:20 | To do that, I am going to
type selectsimilar and hit Enter.
| | 02:27 | Essentially I have just launched
the command from the command line.
| | 02:30 | But by doing that I have access to the Settings.
| | 02:34 | Now I can get into my Settings by typing SE,
the capitalized letters we see right here.
| | 02:39 | Or I can right-click and
select Settings from the menu.
| | 02:43 | This brings up my Select Similar
Settings dialog box and I can use these
| | 02:47 | checkboxes to control the
sensitivity of this tool.
| | 02:51 | Right now we can see Select Similar is
selecting our objects based on object type,
| | 02:55 | who happened to share a common layer.
| | 02:58 | I can also have the objects share a
common color, or line type, or any
| | 03:03 | other setting I wish.
| | 03:04 | Now at this point I don't
want to make any changes.
| | 03:06 | So I am going to click Cancel and then
we'll hit Escape to get out of the command.
| | 03:11 | In AutoCAD 2011 selections that used
to require a filter can now be made in
| | 03:15 | just a couple clicks.
| | 03:17 | So long as you can select one object
that represents what you're looking for,
| | 03:20 | you can select all of the
others by using Select Similar.
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| Creating new geometry based on existing objects| 00:00 | The next tool we are going to look at
could be referred to as a productivity
| | 00:03 | enhancer, because it takes the busy
work out of creating new entities.
| | 00:07 | The tool I am speaking
of is called Add Selected.
| | 00:10 | And it lets us create new geometry
based on existing objects in our drawing.
| | 00:14 | On my screen I have got a detailed
drawing that represents a typical wheel stop.
| | 00:19 | This is something you
might find in a parking lot.
| | 00:21 | And I'm currently working on the end
view portion of this drawing, so let's
| | 00:25 | zoom in a little bit.
| | 00:27 | The first thing I'd like to do is
create a line segment from the endpoint here
| | 00:31 | to the endpoint here.
| | 00:33 | But I'd like it to have the
same properties as this geometry.
| | 00:37 | So what I'll do is select this object, right-
click, and choose Add Selected from the menu.
| | 00:43 | This launches the Line command.
| | 00:45 | I can then draw my line from the
endpoint here to the end point here.
| | 00:49 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape.
| | 00:51 | Now take a look at my current layer.
| | 00:53 | It's called detail-7 and it happens to be white.
| | 00:56 | This new entity that I created was
placed on the same layer as this existing one.
| | 01:02 | Basically I just selected the object I
wanted to match and AutoCAD took care of the rest.
| | 01:07 | Let's back up a little bit and
we will create a new dimension.
| | 01:11 | To do that I'll select this dimension
and right-click, I'll choose Add Selected,
| | 01:16 | and I'll create my dimension from
the endpoint here to the endpoint here.
| | 01:20 | And then I'll pull this out
and we will place it right there.
| | 01:24 | Once again this dimension has the
exact same properties as this existing one.
| | 01:28 | Now I'd like to add one more thing.
| | 01:30 | Let's create another callout in this drawing.
| | 01:33 | To do that I'll select
this M leader and right-click.
| | 01:37 | We'll choose Add Selected, and I
would like my leader to be pointed to,
| | 01:41 | Shift-right-click,
I'll select Nearest.
| | 01:46 | We'll click right here.
| | 01:48 | Place my leader right there
and then we'll enter our text.
| | 01:52 | Reinforcing Bars-2 each.
| | 01:56 | When I am finished I'll click in
model space to close the Editor.
| | 01:59 | We can use the Add Selected tool to create
additional circles or polylines or hatch objects.
| | 02:05 | Generally speaking, if we can select
something we can quickly create another one
| | 02:09 | with similar properties.
| | 02:11 | So the next time you need to add something to
your drawing, try using the Add Selected tool.
| | 02:16 | It just might be the fastest
way to create new geometry.
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| Making selections when entities overlap| 00:00 | Selecting overlapping objects
has never been easy in AutoCAD.
| | 00:04 | It always involved holding down special
keys on the keyboard when making the selection.
| | 00:09 | Well, not anymore.
| | 00:10 | In AutoCAD 2011, we can easily
select overlapping geometry using the new
| | 00:15 | Selection Cycling toggle in the status bar.
| | 00:19 | Let's take a look at how it works.
| | 00:20 | On my screen I have four squares, and
each of these guys was drawn on Layer 0.
| | 00:25 | The only difference between them is
each was forced to be a different color.
| | 00:29 | I'd like to start out by stacking this geometry.
| | 00:32 | To do that, I'm going to come
up and launch my Move command.
| | 00:35 | I'll select this entity and right-
click and I'll move them from the endpoint
| | 00:39 | here to the endpoint here.
| | 00:41 | I'll then hit my Spacebar
to go right back into Move.
| | 00:44 | We'll select this entity and right-click.
| | 00:47 | We'll move them from the
endpoint here to the endpoint here.
| | 00:50 | We'll hit Space one more time.
| | 00:52 | We'll move this entity from the endpoint
here to the endpoint here. There we go.
| | 00:58 | I now have four objects on top of each other.
| | 01:01 | Let's say I'd like to move the red square.
| | 01:04 | Now that looks like it might be difficult.
| | 01:06 | Let me show you how we can do it.
| | 01:08 | I'm going to come up and launch my Move
command and AutoCAD is asking me to select objects.
| | 01:13 | I'm going to come down and turn
on the Selection Cycling toggle.
| | 01:17 | Notice I can do that in the middle of a command.
| | 01:20 | Now I'll place my cursor over this
entity and AutoCAD brings up an icon to let
| | 01:24 | me know that it found
multiple objects beneath my pick box.
| | 01:27 | I'll click to select and AutoCAD
will bring up a menu showing me all the
| | 01:31 | objects that it found.
| | 01:33 | Better yet, if I hover over each of
these, AutoCAD will highlight the entity on
| | 01:37 | screen, so I know exactly what I'm selecting.
| | 01:40 | Let's select the red one.
| | 01:41 | Then I'll right-click to finish my
selection and I'll move them from the
| | 01:46 | endpoint here to the endpoint here.
| | 01:48 | This time, let's try and rotate the blue square.
| | 01:51 | I'm going to come up and
launch the Rotate command.
| | 01:54 | I'll place my cursor over this edge and click.
| | 01:57 | We'll select the blue entity from the list.
| | 02:00 | I'll right-click to finish my
selection and I'd like to rotate them from the
| | 02:03 | endpoint here and we'll rotate them 90 degrees.
| | 02:07 | It's as easy as that.
| | 02:09 | Now that we see how this tool
works, let's try and use it in a
| | 02:12 | practical application.
| | 02:14 | I'm going to back up a little
bit and we'll pan our drawing over.
| | 02:18 | On my screen, I've got a drawing of a
swimming pool that is surrounded by a concrete walk.
| | 02:24 | If I zoom in a little bit, we can see
that the walk measures 3 feet 10 11/16 inches.
| | 02:30 | Well, this walk was supposed
to be 3 and a half feet wide.
| | 02:33 | To fix this, I'm going to erase this outer line.
| | 02:36 | I'll do that by selecting it
and then I'll click my Erase tool.
| | 02:40 | Then I'll back up a little bit and
I'm going to create a new offset.
| | 02:44 | So, let's launch the Offset command.
| | 02:47 | I'll type in my distance, 3 feet 6 inches, Enter.
| | 02:52 | My object to offset is right here.
| | 02:55 | AutoCAD found three entities.
| | 02:58 | This one represents the boundary of my hatch.
| | 03:01 | This one represents the edge of my walk.
| | 03:04 | This one represents the hatch itself.
| | 03:06 | So I'm going to select the magenta
polyline and I'll click to this side
| | 03:11 | to finish my offset.
| | 03:12 | When I'm finished with the command,
I'll hit my Escape key. There we go.
| | 03:16 | Let's zoom in and we'll fix
our dimension. I'll select this.
| | 03:20 | We'll select the grip and we'll
place it to the Shift+Right-click,
| | 03:25 | Intersection right here.
| | 03:27 | Then I'll hit my Escape
key to deselect the entity.
| | 03:31 | Now I still have a little bit of cleanup to do.
| | 03:33 | Let me show you a quick way we can do this.
| | 03:36 | I'm going to type extreme.
This stands for extended trim.
| | 03:40 | This is an Express tool.
| | 03:42 | Oddly enough, you won't find
this on the Express tools tab.
| | 03:46 | Let's hit Enter and then I'll select
my cutting object and then I'll click on
| | 03:50 | the side in which I'd like to trim.
| | 03:51 | Then AutoCAD will clean up my
geometry and complete my drawing.
| | 03:56 | The Selection Cycling tool is
definitely a welcome addition of the status bar.
| | 04:00 | Now whether you leave this tool turned
on all the time or whether you activate
| | 04:04 | it on a command-by-command basis, I'm
sure you'll agree there's no easier way to
| | 04:08 | select overlapping geometry.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Applying transparency to objects| 00:00 | Transparency is something
AutoCAD users have wanted for years.
| | 00:04 | Well, we don't have to wait any longer.
| | 00:06 | Transparency is now available in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:09 | In this lesson, we're going to
learn how to see through our objects.
| | 00:13 | On my screen, I have some abstract
line work and we're going to use this
| | 00:17 | geometry to explore the concept of transparency.
| | 00:20 | AutoCAD has given us
transparency in the form of a property.
| | 00:23 | So if I open up the Properties panel,
same place where I can find my Color
| | 00:27 | property, my Line Weight and my Line
Type, we can see the new Transparency
| | 00:32 | property right here.
| | 00:33 | And just like our other properties, if
I open up this flyout, we can see that
| | 00:37 | transparency can be applied by layer,
by block or by choosing a specific value.
| | 00:44 | It's important to note that I currently
have no geometry selected in my drawing.
| | 00:48 | That means that any changes I make here
will apply to the new geometry that's
| | 00:53 | created in this file.
| | 00:54 | I don't want to do that.
| | 00:55 | So I'm going to leave these
settings the way they are.
| | 00:57 | We'll let the panel collapse and let's start
out by applying transparency to this polyline.
| | 01:04 | To do that, I'll select it.
| | 01:07 | We'll open up the Properties panel.
| | 01:09 | I'll click this flyout and
I'll choose Transparency Value.
| | 01:12 | Then I'll drag this slider
and choose my percentage.
| | 01:17 | Now if you don't like using the slider, you
can always click in this box and enter a value.
| | 01:21 | I'm going to type 50 for 50% and
hit Enter and then I'll hit Escape to
| | 01:26 | deselect my polyline.
| | 01:28 | Notice I can now see through that geometry.
| | 01:31 | Let's apply transparency
to this yellow polyline.
| | 01:34 | Once again, I'll select it.
| | 01:36 | We'll open the Property panel and you
know what, if you want to apply a specific
| | 01:40 | value, you don't have to use this flyout.
| | 01:43 | If you grab this slider and drag it to the
right, AutoCAD will take care of that for you.
| | 01:47 | Now I want to drag this up as high as it'll go.
| | 01:50 | In fact, instead of doing that,
I'm just going to type the number.
| | 01:53 | I'm going to enter 90 for 90% and hit Enter.
| | 01:56 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape, and
we can see that object is 90% transparent.
| | 02:01 | 90 is the limit.
| | 02:02 | anything higher than 90, and you run
the risk of confusing your geometry with a
| | 02:07 | layer that may be turned off.
| | 02:09 | Let's apply transparency to this blue polyline.
| | 02:11 | This time, we'll do it a different way.
| | 02:13 | After I select the polyline, I'll hit Ctrl+1.
| | 02:16 | This brings up my Property Changer
and we can see there's a transparency
| | 02:20 | setting right here.
| | 02:21 | Let me click in this field
and I'll type my percentage.
| | 02:24 | I'm going to enter 40 this
time for 40% and I'll hit Enter.
| | 02:28 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape to
deselect my entity and then I'll click the
| | 02:31 | X to close my Property Changer.
| | 02:34 | Now if you want to apply
transparency to a hatch, simply select it.
| | 02:38 | This brings up the Hatch Editor in our ribbon
and our transparency settings are right here.
| | 02:43 | I'm going to set this to 46%
transparency, just to be different.
| | 02:48 | I'll hit Enter and then I'll
hit Escape to deselect my object.
| | 02:52 | I can't tell you how long I've wanted
to be able to create transparent solid
| | 02:57 | fill hatch over an aerial
photograph in my drawings.
| | 03:00 | Now I can do it in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 03:03 | Let's look at a more efficient way of
applying transparency to our entities.
| | 03:07 | This time we're going to apply it by layer.
| | 03:09 | So I'm going to click the Layer
Properties icon and when my Layer Properties
| | 03:13 | Manager comes up, if we take a look at
the column headings, notice I have a new
| | 03:17 | Transparency column.
| | 03:19 | Now if I would like to change the
transparency of this yellow hatch pattern,
| | 03:23 | I will come down to the hatched yellow layer.
| | 03:26 | We'll move over to the Transparency
column and we'll enter our value here.
| | 03:30 | I can type my value or I
can use this flyout if I like.
| | 03:33 | I'm going to select 60%.
| | 03:35 | I'll click OK and we'll close
the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 03:40 | Now, not only is this hatch object
60% transparent, but any other object on
| | 03:45 | this layer is as well.
| | 03:47 | How many of us have created special
pen settings such that we can plot
| | 03:50 | geometry in a 50% grayscale?
| | 03:53 | Now we can get the exact same effect by
simply applying a 50% transparency to our layers.
| | 03:59 | The possibilities are literally endless.
| | 04:02 | Now that we understand how to use the
Transparency property, let's try it out in
| | 04:06 | a practical example.
| | 04:08 | I'm going to zoom out a little bit.
| | 04:09 | We'll pan our drawing over.
| | 04:10 | On my screen, I've got a drawing of a
proposed boulevard with a role of proposed
| | 04:17 | trees on either side.
| | 04:19 | If I zoom in a little bit, you can see that
I've created a drop shadow for each of my trees.
| | 04:24 | Now, currently, my drop shadow is opaque and
prior to AutoCAD 2011, this was as good as it got.
| | 04:31 | Let's use the new Transparency property to
make these drop shadows look like real shadows.
| | 04:37 | If I hover over one of my shadows, I can
see it was created on a tree-shade layer.
| | 04:42 | Let's open up our Layer
Properties Manager again, we'll go to the
| | 04:46 | $fill-tree-shade laye,r and we'll
adjust its transparency to 50%.
| | 04:52 | I'll click OK and we'll close the Manager.
| | 04:54 | Now, these look like real shadows.
| | 05:00 | As soon as you start creating
transparent objects, pay note to this new
| | 05:03 | toggle in the status bar.
| | 05:05 | This guy controls the display of
the transparency on your screen.
| | 05:09 | If your transparency is turned
off, it'll still plot just fine.
| | 05:13 | Remember, this toggle is
for screen display only.
| | 05:16 | If you plan on creating plots with
transparent objects, when you're in the Plot
| | 05:20 | dialog box, ensure that the Plot
transparency setting is checked.
| | 05:25 | As you can see, by default, mine was not.
| | 05:27 | So, if I was to plot this drawing,
my transparency would not have plotted.
| | 05:32 | The Transparency property in
AutoCAD 2011 is definitely a game changer.
| | 05:36 | It opens up a whole new world of creative
possibilities when putting our designs on paper.
| | 05:41 | Our printed drawings will never be the same.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Controlling text alignment within linetypes| 00:00 | If you use linetypes that contain text,
you've probably had to rotate your
| | 00:04 | geometry on occasion, such
that the text was readable.
| | 00:07 | Well, we don't have to do that anymore
because all the linetypes included with
| | 00:11 | AutoCAD 2011 will maintain their readability,
regardless of the rotation of your geometry.
| | 00:17 | Let's take a look.
| | 00:18 | I'd like to start out by creating a new layer.
| | 00:21 | To do that we'll click the icon that
brings up the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 00:25 | I'll click the New Layer icon and
I'm going to call my layer "gas line."
| | 00:30 | Next, I'll move down to the
Linetype column and click.
| | 00:33 | This shows me a listing of the
linetypes that are loaded in this drawing.
| | 00:37 | I'll click the Load button and in this
list I can see all the linetypes that
| | 00:41 | come pre-installed with AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:45 | AutoCAD doesn't contain many linetypes
that have text in them, pretty much just
| | 00:50 | the HOT_WATER_SUPPLY and the GAS_LINE linetypes.
| | 00:53 | In this case, we'll
select GAS_LINE and click OK.
| | 00:56 | This loads it into our drawing.
| | 00:59 | I will then select it again and
click OK to apply it to my layer.
| | 01:03 | Finally, I'll double-click the layer
name to set that layer current and I'll
| | 01:07 | close the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 01:09 | Now let's create a circle.
| | 01:12 | I'll click the icon to launch the command.
| | 01:14 | I'll pick a point on screen to define
my center point and I would like this
| | 01:18 | circle to have a radius of 40.
| | 01:22 | Now as I zoom-in on this geometry,
notice that the text in the linetype is
| | 01:26 | always right side up.
| | 01:27 | Let's try and create a polyline.
| | 01:30 | I'll click the icon to launch that command.
| | 01:32 | I'll pick a point on screen.
| | 01:33 | I'll pick a few more points.
| | 01:35 | We'll just create a zigzag pattern
here and notice that regardless of the
| | 01:39 | direction that I draw my line work, the text
inside my linetype maintains its readability.
| | 01:45 | All AutoCAD 2011 linetypes and many
new linetypes created with 2011 will
| | 01:50 | act just like this.
| | 01:52 | As an example, let's create
our own custom AutoCAD linetype.
| | 01:56 | It's actually very easy to do and
we'll start out by visiting Layout tab 1.
| | 02:02 | If I zoom in a little bit, you can see
I've already created some geometry on
| | 02:06 | this layout and if I select these we
can see it's basically a couple of line
| | 02:11 | segments and some text.
| | 02:13 | This geometry will be used to define a
linetype that will represent a cable TV installation.
| | 02:18 | Now it's important to note that whenever
you define a new linetype, it's best to
| | 02:22 | use geometry that was drawn in a layout.
| | 02:25 | This way you're creating your linetype at the
same size you want it to appear on our plots.
| | 02:30 | So to turn this geometry into our
linetype, I will click the Express Tools tab.
| | 02:35 | We'll come down and open up the Tools
panel and I'll select Make Linetype.
| | 02:40 | AutoCAD linetype definitions are saved
using a .LIN file and I'm going to save
| | 02:45 | my file inside the exercise files
folder under Chapter 2 and I'm going to call
| | 02:52 | this cable television, then we'll click Save.
| | 02:58 | Now I'll give my linetype a name.
| | 03:00 | This is the name that AutoCAD
uses to recognize this linetype.
| | 03:04 | We'll call it cable_tv.
| | 03:07 | Notice I used an underscore, because we
can't have spaces in our linetype names.
| | 03:12 | Let's hit Enter.
| | 03:13 | Now I can enter a linetype description.
| | 03:16 | In this case, I'm going to create a
pseudo representation of what this
| | 03:20 | linetype will look like.
| | 03:23 | I'm doing this by just creating
some dashes and typing some text.
| | 03:28 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:30 | I will then select the
starting point of my linetype.
| | 03:33 | That'll be the endpoint here.
| | 03:34 | Then I'll select the end point of the linetype.
| | 03:37 | Now this is important.
| | 03:38 | This is the point at which the linetype repeats.
| | 03:41 | That will be the endpoint right here.
| | 03:43 | Now I can select my objects.
| | 03:45 | I'll select this text and this line.
| | 03:48 | I do not have to select this line
because technically it's repeated geometry.
| | 03:52 | Let's hit Enter and if we look at the
command line, we can see our linetype has
| | 03:55 | been created and it's been
loaded into this drawing.
| | 03:59 | At this point, we'll go back to Model space.
| | 04:01 | Let me click my Home tab
and we'll create a new layer.
| | 04:06 | Once again, I'll click the New Layer icon
and I'm going to call this layer cable TV.
| | 04:12 | I'll then go to the Linetype column
and click and I will select my new
| | 04:16 | linetype from the list.
| | 04:19 | Let's click OK and now that my
layer has been created, I will close the
| | 04:23 | Layer Properties Manager.
| | 04:24 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 04:26 | I'll pan my drawing over.
| | 04:28 | On my screen, I've got a
civil engineering example.
| | 04:31 | This is a drawing of a cul-de-sac in a
proposed subdivision and what I'd like to
| | 04:35 | do is represent the location
of the cable TV installation.
| | 04:40 | If I zoom in a little bit, this
yellow line represents the property line at
| | 04:45 | the front of the lots and I would like
to insert the cable TV 5 feet inside
| | 04:50 | this property line.
| | 04:52 | So let's launch the Offset command.
| | 04:54 | I will type 5 for my distance and hit Enter.
| | 04:58 | We'll select this polyline and
I'd like to offset it to this side.
| | 05:02 | When I'm finished I'll hit my Escape key.
| | 05:04 | Let's zoom in a little bit more.
| | 05:07 | Then I'll select my offset geometry.
| | 05:09 | We'll go to the layer control and we
will put this on our new cable TV layer and
| | 05:15 | once again, I'll hit my Escape key to deselect.
| | 05:18 | Notice my new linetype looks great
and even as this polyline wraps around
| | 05:23 | and heads the other direction, the text
inside my linetype maintains its readability.
| | 05:28 | This readability feature is a
property of all AutoCAD 2011 linetypes.
| | 05:33 | So what if you'd like to add this
Readability property to your own existing
| | 05:37 | custom linetype files?
| | 05:39 | Well, to do that you need to make a
minor modification to your linetype code.
| | 05:44 | Let's edit the linetype code that
we use to create our new linetype.
| | 05:48 | To edit a linetype code, we'll use the
Notepad program and the fastest way to
| | 05:52 | get in to Notepad through AutoCAD is by
typing notepad and then I'll hit Enter twice.
| | 05:58 | From here, I'll go to File > Open,
we'll look inside the exercise files folder,
| | 06:03 | inside the Chapter 2 directory.
| | 06:06 | This is the place where we saved our .LIN file.
| | 06:09 | Notice it's not showing up in the list.
| | 06:11 | That's because by nature,
Notepad is looking for a .TXT file.
| | 06:16 | I'll click the flyout here and
we'll select All Files. There we go.
| | 06:20 | Right here is our linetype definition.
| | 06:22 | I'll select this and we'll click Open.
| | 06:25 | As you can see AutoCAD linetypes
are defined by some simple code.
| | 06:30 | Generally speaking we have
the linetype name right here.
| | 06:33 | Next to it, we have the linetype description.
| | 06:36 | This number represents the
length of the line prior to my text.
| | 06:40 | This negative number represents the
length of the dash prior to the text.
| | 06:44 | Here is the text itself.
| | 06:46 | It's being created using
the standard text style.
| | 06:50 | The text has a y offset
relative to the linetype of .05.
| | 06:55 | The text is the size of .1.
| | 06:56 | And right here this u, this
controls the readability of the text.
| | 07:01 | U stands for upright.
| | 07:04 | Now if this was an older linetype
definition file, something created prior to
| | 07:08 | AutoCAD 2011, you would see an R here.
| | 07:11 | R stands for relative.
| | 07:13 | Meaning the text will always be
relative or follow the linetype.
| | 07:18 | By changing the R to U means that this
text will always be readable on screen.
| | 07:23 | I'm going to select this code and
let's create a copy and we'll make our copy
| | 07:28 | follow the traditional linetype text alignment.
| | 07:31 | Now that I've selected this
I'll right-click and select Copy.
| | 07:35 | I'll hit my Enter key a couple
times to add some carriage returns.
| | 07:38 | Then I'll right-click, select Paste.
| | 07:42 | I will give my new linetype a name of
CABLE_TV_OLD and we'll change this u to
| | 07:48 | an r. I'll then click File and Save to
save my LIN file and then we'll close Notepad.
| | 07:56 | Now let's load my revised linetype and
give this polyline a traditional AutoCAD look.
| | 08:01 | Once again, we'll go back to
the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 08:05 | I'll find my cable TV layer and click in
the Linetype column. I'll select Load.
| | 08:10 | Now we won't be using the stock
AutoCAD linetypes. I'll click File.
| | 08:15 | We're going to be using our own LIN file.
| | 08:18 | We'll look inside the Chapter 2 folder.
| | 08:20 | We'll select the file right here and click Open.
| | 08:23 | This linetype definition
file contains two linetypes.
| | 08:27 | I'll select the Old version and click OK.
| | 08:30 | I will then select it again and click
OK to assign it to my layer and then I'll
| | 08:34 | close the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 08:36 | And notice that my linetype now has
a traditional AutoCAD text alignment.
| | 08:40 | So in AutoCAD 2011 linetypes are all
about u and when I say u, I mean the
| | 08:46 | letter u because that's the character
in the linetype code that makes your
| | 08:50 | linetypes readable on screen.
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3. Simplifying Parametric ConstraintsAutomating the creation of geometric constraints| 00:00 | If you are someone who creates
drawings using geometric constraints, you know
| | 00:03 | that it's a two-step process.
| | 00:05 | First, you have to create your line
work, then you have to come back and
| | 00:08 | apply your constraints.
| | 00:10 | Well, AutoCAD 2011 cuts our work
in half, by allowing us to apply our
| | 00:14 | constraints automatically as we draw.
| | 00:17 | In this lesson, we are going to
learn how to use inferred constraints.
| | 00:21 | On my screen I have a simple
mechanical part and this part has several
| | 00:24 | constraints applied to it.
| | 00:26 | Now, they are not
showing up on screen right now.
| | 00:29 | To turn on my constraint bars, I am
going to go to the Parametric tab and in the
| | 00:33 | Geometric panel, I am going to select Show All.
| | 00:36 | If we hover over the constraint bar, we can
see the relationships between the entities.
| | 00:41 | Now, I would like to recreate this geometry,
but I don't want to do it the typical way.
| | 00:46 | I don't want to create the line work
and then add the constraints afterward.
| | 00:49 | Instead, I am going to use the new
Infer Constraints toggle in the status bar.
| | 00:55 | By turning this guy on, AutoCAD will
keep an eye on the line work that I am
| | 00:58 | creating and it will add my
geometric constraints automatically.
| | 01:02 | Since the tool is turned on, I am
going to go back to the Home tab.
| | 01:05 | I will launch my Line command and I am
going to create a line from right here.
| | 01:10 | My Ortho happens to be locked.
| | 01:12 | I am going to pull this straight
down and enter a distance of 10.
| | 01:16 | Now, this is a little bit longer than
what I need, but since this part's going
| | 01:19 | to be parametric, I can
always change the dimensions later.
| | 01:23 | Now that I am finished, I will hit Escape.
| | 01:25 | Notice that AutoCAD recognized that
this was a vertical line and it applied the
| | 01:29 | appropriate constraint.
| | 01:31 | Let's offset this line next.
| | 01:33 | I will launch the Offset command,
I will enter a distance of 6, and I will
| | 01:37 | offset this line to this
side, and I will hit Escape.
| | 01:42 | To create the rounded top, I am
going to use the Fillet command.
| | 01:45 | Now, I know what you are thinking, these
lines are parallel, they doesn't intersect.
| | 01:49 | It doesn't matter. We can
fillet parallel lines in AutoCAD.
| | 01:53 | Simply launch the command,
click one line and then the other.
| | 01:57 | Since our Inferred Constraints
toggle is turned on, our arc is not only
| | 02:01 | coincident at both ends.
| | 02:02 | It's also tangent at both ends.
| | 02:04 | I would like to create another line segment.
| | 02:06 | We will launch the Line command, and I
will create a line from this endpoint to
| | 02:11 | Shift+Right Click, perpendicular to this line.
| | 02:15 | And I will hit Escape.
| | 02:17 | Once again, AutoCAD automatically
applied the appropriate constraints.
| | 02:21 | Let's add a circle.
| | 02:22 | I will launch my Circle command and I will
create my circle from the center of this arc.
| | 02:26 | We will give it a Radius
of 1.5 and I will hit Enter.
| | 02:31 | Finally, I will create the rounded corners.
| | 02:34 | Once again, I will use the Fillet command.
| | 02:36 | Let's launch Fillet.
| | 02:37 | I will right click and select Radius.
| | 02:41 | It looks like we need a Radius of
1 and the default happens to be 2.
| | 02:44 | I am going to hit Enter to accept the
default, even though that's incorrect.
| | 02:48 | It will just give us another
opportunity to edit our geometry in a little bit.
| | 02:52 | Let me select my first line, and before
I select the second one, take a look at
| | 02:58 | this coincident constraint.
| | 03:00 | When I grab the other line, that constraint
was no longer needed, so AutoCAD got rid of it.
| | 03:05 | We can see that right here.
| | 03:07 | So not only will AutoCAD add
constraints when necessary, it will also remove
| | 03:11 | them if it's necessary.
| | 03:12 | I am going to hit my Spacebar to go
right back into the Fillet command and
| | 03:16 | I will select this line and this one.
| | 03:18 | Now that my geometry is essentially
finished, I would like to make one more change.
| | 03:23 | I am going to go to the Parametric tab and
I would like to create an equal constraint.
| | 03:28 | So we will select the Equal
button and I would like this arc to always
| | 03:32 | be equal to this one.
| | 03:34 | Inferred constraints aren't going to
take care of everything. Occasionally you
| | 03:37 | will have to add some
constraints manually. All right.
| | 03:40 | Now that I have completed
my part and my constraints.
| | 03:43 | Let's make this geometry
match the part on the right.
| | 03:45 | I will start by selecting this arc
and I will grab the triangular grip.
| | 03:50 | This gives me access to the Radius.
| | 03:52 | I will set this to 1 and hit Enter.
| | 03:54 | Then I will hit Escape
to deselect the line work.
| | 03:57 | I am going to select this line, grab
it by the midpoint grip, and I will pull
| | 04:02 | this down, such that these are
approximately the same level.
| | 04:07 | Once again, I will hit
Escape when I am finished.
| | 04:08 | Then we will select this arc.
| | 04:10 | I will grab the triangular grip and we will
set this guy to a Radius of 3.5 and hit Enter.
| | 04:18 | Finally, I will select this
line. We will select this grip.
| | 04:21 | I will hit my tab key to put the focus
on the total length of the line and
| | 04:26 | I will set this to 8 and hit Enter,
and that essentially completes my part.
| | 04:32 | Now, since we have been grip editing
our parametric geometry, let me show you
| | 04:35 | another quick change that
occurred in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 04:39 | If I select this arc and then select
this grip, when I move my cursor I am
| | 04:44 | obviously changing the geometry of my part.
| | 04:47 | If I wanted to edit the arc only,
I
would press and then release my Ctrl key,
| | 04:53 | and AutoCAD relaxes those
constraints and lets me change this geometry.
| | 04:57 | I am going to drag my arc out to here and click.
| | 05:00 | Now, since I did violate some
constraints, AutoCAD removed those constraints
| | 05:04 | for me automatically.
| | 05:06 | Let's click on Do to put this back.
| | 05:08 | Since I am finished with my part, I
am going to come down and turn off the
| | 05:11 | Infer Constraints tool.
| | 05:13 | This is probably good practice, because
the setting of this tool stays constant
| | 05:17 | between your AutoCAD sessions, and
this way I am not adding unnecessary
| | 05:21 | constraints in this drawing or another one.
| | 05:24 | Using Inferred Constraints can be
a great time saver when drawing.
| | 05:28 | By turning on this toggle, AutoCAD
will keep an eye on your work and add or
| | 05:32 | remove geometric constraints automatically.
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| Applying constraints to text rotation| 00:00 | We can apply parametric
constraints to our text in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:05 | This means we can create dynamic labels
that follow our geometry if our design changes.
| | 00:10 | In this lesson, we are going to
learn how to create parametrically
| | 00:13 | constrained text objects.
| | 00:14 | On my screen I have a civil engineering example.
| | 00:17 | This is a drawing of a cul-de-
sac in a proposed subdivision.
| | 00:21 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 00:23 | This green line work represents the
location of the proposed sanitary sewer design.
| | 00:29 | These blocks at the endpoints represent
the location of the sanitary manholes.
| | 00:34 | As you can see, I have already
added several labels to this geometry.
| | 00:38 | Let's zoom in on one of these.
| | 00:40 | If I select this, we can see it's
a simple single line text object.
| | 00:45 | My label contains a couple of carets that
represent the direction of flow inside the pipe.
| | 00:52 | I also have my pipe length, my diameter,
the composition of my pipe, and my pipe slope.
| | 00:58 | Now, it never fails.
| | 00:59 | Once you have finished labeling your
entire drawing, your design changes.
| | 01:03 | For instance, I am going
to back up a little bit.
| | 01:06 | Let's select this line and
we will select this manhole.
| | 01:10 | I will click the grip at the endpoint and
I will place it to the endpoint of this lot line.
| | 01:16 | When I am finished, I will hit Escape.
| | 01:18 | Notice my label stayed put.
| | 01:20 | In the old days I would now have to
move this label down and try and rotate it
| | 01:24 | and realign it to this geometry.
| | 01:26 | In AutoCAD 2011, I can create a parametric
relationship between this label and this line.
| | 01:33 | To do that, I am going to go to the
Parametric tab and we will start by creating
| | 01:37 | a coincident constraint.
| | 01:40 | I will select my line. Make sure and
select towards the middle so that you get
| | 01:44 | the midpoint constraint.
| | 01:46 | Then I will select my text.
| | 01:48 | Now, before I click this, take a
look at the constraint location.
| | 01:51 | That's the insertion point of this text.
| | 01:53 | When I created this label, I used
a bottom-center insertion point.
| | 01:59 | As soon as I click the text object,
it locks that point to the midpoint of this line.
| | 02:04 | Now we will move up and
we will create a parallel constraint.
| | 02:08 | Once again, I will select my line and
then I will select my text. And that's it.
| | 02:13 | This label is now locked to this line.
| | 02:16 | Let's make another design change.
| | 02:17 | I will select my geometry and the manhole.
| | 02:20 | I will select the grip and we will
place it to the endpoint of this line.
| | 02:25 | As fast as my design changes,
my labels change as well.
| | 02:29 | One thing that isn't changing is this length.
| | 02:31 | I am going to have to update that manually.
| | 02:34 | Since my Dynamic Input toggle is turned
on, if I select this line and hover over
| | 02:40 | the grid, I can see this line
is approximately 134 feet long.
| | 02:44 | So let's hit Escape.
| | 02:45 | I will double-click my text and I will
change this to 134. I will hit Enter.
| | 02:53 | Then we will hit Escape to exit the text editor.
| | 02:56 | Just think of how many times you
align text labels to your geometry.
| | 02:59 | If you can apply your labels using
geometric constraints, any time your design
| | 03:04 | changes, your labels will
automatically go along for the ride.
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| Using the updated Parameters Manager | 00:00 | AutoCAD has two types of parametric constraints:
| | 00:03 | geometric and dimensional.
| | 00:05 | Geometric constraints are the
relationships that hold your geometry together and
| | 00:09 | Dimensional constraints are much like
handles that can be used to push and pull
| | 00:13 | that geometry into different shapes.
| | 00:16 | If you happen to be working with a
complicated part, you may have so many
| | 00:19 | constraints that it becomes difficult to keep
track of the function of each of the handles.
| | 00:24 | AutoCAD 2011 simplifies the use of
constraints by letting us sort them
| | 00:28 | into logical groups.
| | 00:30 | In this lesson, we are going to
learn how to use filters to organize our
| | 00:33 | dimensional constraints.
| | 00:35 | On my screen I have a simple mechanical
part and this part has several geometric
| | 00:40 | and dimensional constraints assigned to it.
| | 00:42 | By default, they are all turned off.
| | 00:45 | To turn these on, I am going to move up
to the Parametric tab and it will turn
| | 00:49 | the Geometric Constraints on first.
| | 00:51 | Now, the button for that
is in the Geometric panel.
| | 00:54 | Let's click Show All.
| | 00:56 | And at first glance this looks pretty busy.
| | 00:59 | Let me explain what's going on.
| | 01:01 | First of all, each of these entities
around the outside of the part has a
| | 01:04 | coincident constraint that
connects it to the next entity.
| | 01:08 | Each of my circles is concentric to the
outer arc, all of my vertical lines are
| | 01:13 | parallels to all the others.
| | 01:15 | Likewise, all of my horizontal
lines are parallel to the others.
| | 01:19 | Each of my fillets is tangent at either
end and any common fillets are set to
| | 01:25 | be equal to each other.
| | 01:27 | So while this looks rather complicated,
it's really nothing we haven't seen already.
| | 01:31 | Since my geometric constraints are
set and my geometry is tied together.
| | 01:36 | Let's turn these off.
| | 01:37 | I can do that by clicking the Hide All
button and we will take a look at our
| | 01:41 | dimensional constraints.
| | 01:42 | To see those, I will go to the
Dimensional panel and click Show All.
| | 01:47 | Let's back up a little bit
so we can see these on screen.
| | 01:50 | Now, dimensional constraints are used
to drive the geometry of our part, and
| | 01:54 | as you can see, I have several constraints
already. I would like to add another one.
| | 01:58 | I would like to add a dimensional
constraint to control the length of this tab.
| | 02:04 | So I am going to come up to the
Dimensional panel and select Linear, and I would
| | 02:08 | like to create my linear constraint
from the endpoint here to the center here.
| | 02:13 | I will pull this up and click to set
its location and then I will hit Enter.
| | 02:18 | And I can see that the distance is 4
and AutoCAD has created a variable called
| | 02:22 | d1 and assigned it this length.
| | 02:25 | I would also like the length of this tab
to always equal the length of this one.
| | 02:30 | So let's create another dimensional constraint.
| | 02:33 | Once again, I will click the Linear icon,
and I will create this constraint from
| | 02:38 | the endpoint here to the center here.
| | 02:40 | I will pull this one down and click.
| | 02:42 | And before I hit Enter, since I would
like this constraint to equal this one,
| | 02:47 | I will place my pointer over this
variable and click and then I will hit Enter.
| | 02:52 | As you can see, AutoCAD took this
dimensional constraint called d2 and
| | 02:56 | assigned it the value of d1.
| | 02:58 | Also note the fx prefix. This is a
visual cue that shows us the value of this
| | 03:03 | constraint is dependent on
another parameter. Let's try it out.
| | 03:07 | To change the length of the tab,
I will double-click the value of d1 and I am
| | 03:12 | going to set this to a new
length of 7 and I will hit Enter.
| | 03:16 | Notice my geometry changes.
| | 03:18 | Let's double-click the value again and
I will set this back to 4. All right.
| | 03:20 | Let's pan this geometry over and I would
like to open up the Parameters Manager.
| | 03:27 | We can do that by clicking the icon
right here in the Manage panel of our ribbon.
| | 03:31 | Now, the Parameters Manager is where I
can go to see all of the parameters that
| | 03:35 | have been assigned in this drawing.
| | 03:37 | As you can see, I have several.
| | 03:39 | Now, when the Manager first comes up,
these columns may be a little bit
| | 03:41 | too narrow to read.
| | 03:43 | If you place your cursor between the
columns and click and hold, you can drag
| | 03:48 | these guys and make
them a little bit wider.
| | 03:51 | There we go. That looks better.
| | 03:52 | Let me pull this slider down to the bottom so
we can take a look at these user parameters.
| | 03:57 | Personally, when I am doing
parametric drafting, I create several user
| | 04:01 | parameters, because it makes it much more
intuitive when I edit my geometry later.
| | 04:05 | Let me show you what I mean.
| | 04:07 | I am going to create a new user parameter.
| | 04:10 | To do that, I will click the New User
Parameter icon and we will call this
| | 04:14 | parameter tab_length and I will hit Enter.
| | 04:19 | I will then double-click in the expression
area and I will set its value to 4 and hit Enter.
| | 04:25 | 4 happens to be the current length of this tab.
| | 04:28 | Now I will grab my slider, we will move to
the top, and we will find the d1 constraint.
| | 04:35 | Let's double click on this value
and I will set d1 equal to tab_length.
| | 04:42 | Notice the change in my constraint.
| | 04:44 | Also notice the fx.
| | 04:46 | This constraint is now dependent on a parameter.
| | 04:48 | Once again, I am going to grab the
slider and pull it down, and let's make some
| | 04:52 | changes to our geometry
using the user parameters.
| | 04:56 | To change the length of my tabs, I can go
to tab_length, once again very intuitive.
| | 05:00 | I will double-click right here, and let's
set its value to 8, and I will hit Enter.
| | 05:05 | My part updates instantly.
| | 05:07 | Let's double-click and
we will set this back to 4.
| | 05:10 | I also have a user parameter that
controls the size of the holes in this part.
| | 05:15 | Let's double-click this value and we
will set each hole_radius to be .25.
| | 05:20 | Right here I have a user parameter called
fillet_min. This stands for fillet minor.
| | 05:25 | This guy controls the small
common fillets on this part.
| | 05:30 | Right now I can see that
they are set to a value of .5.
| | 05:32 | I am going to double-click and we will
change this to a value of 1 and I will hit Enter.
| | 05:37 | Now, take a look at this part.
| | 05:39 | It's really not that complicated.
| | 05:42 | As your geometry becomes more involved,
this list of parameters is going to get
| | 05:45 | longer and it quite
possibly could become unwieldy.
| | 05:48 | Let me show you how we can organize
our parameters into group filters.
| | 05:53 | To do that, I need to open up the filter area.
| | 05:55 | I can do that by clicking this chevron,
and if the Group Filter panel is a
| | 05:59 | little bit too narrow, we can always grab the
slider and drag it back and forth to scroll.
| | 06:04 | Or I can place my cursor over this bar
and I can click down and I can drag this
| | 06:08 | guy left or right to change its size.
| | 06:11 | To create a new group filter,
I will click the Group Filter icon.
| | 06:14 | I am going to call my filter
"length" and I will hit Enter.
| | 06:20 | This group will hold all of the parameters
that are associated with lengths on this part.
| | 06:25 | Let's click All so we can see all of our
parameters, and then I will select this
| | 06:29 | one and I will hold my Ctrl key.
| | 06:31 | I will select this one, this one,
I am still holding my Ctrl key.
| | 06:37 | Let's select this one and this one.
| | 06:40 | When I am finished, I will release
the Ctrl key, I will click and hold on a
| | 06:43 | selected parameter, and
I will drag these into my group.
| | 06:47 | That doesn't remove them from the All list.
| | 06:49 | It just associates them with this group.
| | 06:51 | Let's create one more.
| | 06:52 | Once again, I will click the New Group Filter.
| | 06:54 | We will call this group "rounds."
| | 06:57 | In this group I would add
all of the round geometry.
| | 07:00 | This would include fillets and circles.
| | 07:02 | Once again, I will Select All
and I will select this parameter.
| | 07:06 | I will hold my Ctrl key and I will select
this one and this one, this one and this one.
| | 07:11 | We will grab my major and minor
fillets, hole radius, and this tab round.
| | 07:18 | I will release my Ctrl key, I will click
and hold on this selected parameter and
| | 07:23 | I will drag it into my group.
| | 07:24 | So no matter how large this list of
parameters gets, I can always simplify the
| | 07:29 | amount of parameters I
see by selecting my groups.
| | 07:32 | These groups don't have to remain static,
I can always add parameters later, and
| | 07:36 | if you would like to remove a parameter
from a group, you can simply right-click
| | 07:40 | on it and select Remove From Group Filter.
| | 07:42 | No matter how many dimensional
constraints and user parameters you may have,
| | 07:47 | you can always keep your parameters
organized and simplify your work using the new
| | 07:51 | parameter filters in AutoCAD 2011.
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4. Increasing Productivity with the Updated Drawing ToolsStreamlining hatch creation| 00:00 | The creation of hatch has
been improved in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:03 | It's now more streamlined and
visually intuitive than ever.
| | 00:07 | In this lesson we're going to learn how
to use the updated hatch creation tools.
| | 00:11 | On my screen I have an architectural example.
| | 00:13 | This is an elevation view
of a single-family home.
| | 00:16 | I'd like to start out by creating some
brick hatch on the outside of this building.
| | 00:22 | To do that we'll open up the layer
control, and I'm going to select my
| | 00:25 | hatch brick layer, then I'll move up to the
Draw panel and we'll launch the Hatch command.
| | 00:31 | Notice I didn't get a Hatch dialog box.
| | 00:34 | That's because all of our hatch
settings are now incorporated into this Hatch
| | 00:37 | Creation tab in our ribbon.
| | 00:39 | Also note that AutoCAD is defaulting to
pick internal point, and if I place my
| | 00:44 | cursor inside a shape, AutoCAD will
show me the hatch pattern I would get if I
| | 00:49 | was to select that area.
| | 00:51 | Now I'd like to use a different pattern,
so I'm going to click the Hatch Pattern icon.
| | 00:55 | This is where I can find all of
the hatch patterns installed with AutoCAD
| | 00:59 | 2011. That includes the gradients.
| | 01:04 | I'm going to select AR Brick
Standard, the Architectural
| | 01:07 | Brick Standard Hatch.
| | 01:10 | I'll then place my cursor inside this
area and click. I'll place my cursor
| | 01:14 | inside this area and click.
| | 01:15 | That looks good. I'll hit
Enter to accept my hatch.
| | 01:19 | Notice there was no preview or
bouncing back and forth between the dialog
| | 01:23 | box and model space. Pretty much we saw our
hatch on screen and we placed it and that's it.
| | 01:28 | I'd like to create another hatch
pattern. This time I want to represents some
| | 01:31 | sighting on the outside of this house.
| | 01:34 | Once again I'll open up the layer control.
We'll select the hatch siding layer.
| | 01:38 | We'll launch the Hatch command.
I'm going to choose another pattern.
| | 01:44 | This time we'll use ANSI 31.
| | 01:47 | I'll place my cursor inside this area.
| | 01:49 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 01:51 | That pattern is obviously way too dense.
| | 01:53 | Let's change the scale.
| | 01:55 | I can do that by clicking in the Scale box.
| | 01:57 | I'm going to enter 65 and
hit tab to accept that value.
| | 02:02 | Then we'll take another look.
| | 02:04 | That's not bad. I just have to change the angle.
| | 02:07 | Now I can do that by grabbing the
slider and dragging it back and forth, or
| | 02:11 | I can click right over here and enter a number.
| | 02:14 | I'm going to try 45.
| | 02:17 | I'll hit my Tab key.
| | 02:18 | We will look again.
| | 02:20 | That's not going to work.
| | 02:21 | Let's click this number. We'll add 90 to it.
| | 02:24 | Let's make it 135 and
hit Tab. We'll look again.
| | 02:28 | That's perfect.
| | 02:29 | Actually that's not true.
| | 02:31 | Take a look at the bottom board of my
siding and notice that's a little bit too narrow.
| | 02:35 | I need to adjust the
origin of this hatch pattern.
| | 02:38 | No problem. We'll click the Set Origin button.
| | 02:41 | I would like to base the
origin of my hatch at this endpoint.
| | 02:45 | So I'll click right here,
there we go. That looks better.
| | 02:48 | I'm going to click to accept this area,
and then I'll hit Enter to complete my hatch.
| | 02:53 | Let's pan the drawing up, because
I'd like to create some more siding.
| | 02:56 | This time I'm going to hit my Spacebar
to go right back into the Hatch command.
| | 03:00 | My cursor is already in the right spot,
so this hatch looks good, except I have
| | 03:04 | to change my origin again.
| | 03:06 | Let's click the icon. I'm going to place
my origin of the endpoint of this line.
| | 03:11 | I will then click to select this area,
and before I hit Enter, let's take a
| | 03:15 | look at another setting.
| | 03:17 | If we open up the Properties panel,
notice we can assign a layer to our hatch.
| | 03:22 | My hatch is already being placed on
the correct layer, but if I wanted to,
| | 03:26 | I could click this flyout and I could
select from any other layer in my drawing.
| | 03:32 | One important thing to remember, if we
choose a layer here, we're essentially
| | 03:36 | hard coding a layer on all of our hatch.
| | 03:38 | Any hatch I create from this point on will be
placed on the layer that I select right here.
| | 03:43 | So if you're someone who places all of
your hatch on a single layer, you can
| | 03:47 | choose that layer from this flyout,
and then all of your hatch will
| | 03:50 | automatically be placed on the correct layer.
| | 03:53 | I'm going to put this back to Use
Current, I'll move my cursor back in to model
| | 03:58 | space, and I'll hit Enter to accept my hatch.
| | 04:00 | Let's pan the drawing down a little bit,
and let's create the hatch pattern for
| | 04:06 | these shingles on the roof.
| | 04:08 | Once again, I'll open up my layer control,
we'll select the Hatch Shingles layer.
| | 04:12 | I'm going to launch the Hatch command.
We'll choose a new pattern. This time
| | 04:18 | we'll go with the
Architectural Shaker Shingles pattern.
| | 04:22 | Let's go up into Properties and
I'm going to reset these settings.
| | 04:26 | I'm going to put my scale back to 1.
I'll put my rotation back to 0.
| | 04:31 | Let's hit Tab to accept the
value, and we'll take a look.
| | 04:34 | This isn't too bad. I'd like the
pattern to be a little bit tighter than this,
| | 04:38 | so I'm going to click in the scale area,
and we'll set this to .5. Once again,
| | 04:42 | I'll hit Tab and we'll
take a look. That's not bad.
| | 04:45 | You know what? Before I select this area,
let's take a look at another setting.
| | 04:49 | Right here I have a flyout that allows
me to add a background color to my hatch.
| | 04:54 | I'm going to open this up.
| | 04:56 | Let's select blue and we'll take another look.
| | 04:59 | With the new Hatch Background setting,
we never again have to double-hatch
| | 05:03 | objects with a pattern and a solid color.
| | 05:06 | We can now do it all with one hatch.
| | 05:08 | I'm going to select this area,
we'll select this one, and this one.
| | 05:13 | When I'm finished I'll hit
Enter to accept my hatch.
| | 05:17 | Let's launch the Hatch command one more
time, because I want to encourage you to
| | 05:21 | open up these panels.
| | 05:23 | Take a look at the settings that are available.
| | 05:25 | All of the settings that we had in
the traditional Hatch dialog box are
| | 05:29 | available on this tab. They're all here.
| | 05:31 | It's just packaged a little bit differently.
| | 05:34 | In fact, the traditional Hatch dialog
box is also here. If you'd like to use
| | 05:38 | that, you can find it
beneath this downward facing arrow.
| | 05:43 | As you can see the creation of hatch
has been streamlined in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 05:47 | Rather than jumping back and forth
between a hatch preview and our hatch
| | 05:50 | settings, we can now build our hatch
patterns visually and intuitively right
| | 05:54 | on our screen.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Editing hatch objects dynamically| 00:00 | In previous versions of AutoCAD
editing hatch usually meant jumping back and
| | 00:04 | forth between Model space and
a dialog box full of settings.
| | 00:08 | In AutoCAD 2011, we can make dynamic
intuitive modifications to our hatch,
| | 00:12 | right on our screen.
| | 00:14 | In this lesson were going to
learn how to edit our hatch using
| | 00:16 | Direct Manipulation.
| | 00:18 | On my screen I have got
an architectural example.
| | 00:20 | This is a drawing of a master bath, and
I have a hatch pattern in this drawing.
| | 00:24 | This hatch represents the tile on the floor.
| | 00:27 | My hatch has some problems. As you
can see it's overlapping some of the
| | 00:30 | geometry in this drawing.
| | 00:32 | To edit my hatch, I will click to select it.
| | 00:35 | And notice AutoCAD brings up my hatch settings
on this new context-sensitive tab in my ribbon.
| | 00:41 | From here I can change any of
the attributes of this hatch.
| | 00:44 | I can change the pattern, I can
change its color, I can apply transparency,
| | 00:49 | change its angle or its scale.
| | 00:51 | Pretty much any of the settings that
were available when I created this hatch
| | 00:54 | are also available when I want to make changes.
| | 00:56 | Now the change I'm
interested in involves my boundaries.
| | 01:00 | So I'm going to come over to the
Boundaries panel and click the Add Boundary tool.
| | 01:05 | And I would like to add this
boundary, and this one, and this one.
| | 01:09 | I will then hit Enter and I'll
hit Escape to deselect my hatch.
| | 01:14 | Now I'd like to make a few
more changes to this pattern.
| | 01:17 | Once again I'll select the hatch. This
time let's take a look at this center grip.
| | 01:21 | This is new to AutoCAD 2011.
| | 01:23 | We can use this grip to dynamically
edit our hatch using Direct Manipulation.
| | 01:28 | To use the tool, I'll hover over the
grip and AutoCAD brings up a menu with
| | 01:32 | four options: Stretch, Origin
Point, Hatch Angle and Hatch Scale.
| | 01:37 | I am going to select Stretch.
| | 01:39 | Now Stretch is just like Move.
| | 01:41 | I can use this option to pick my hatch up
and place it somewhere else in my drawing.
| | 01:46 | Now I don't want to do that, so
I'm going to hit Escape to cancel.
| | 01:50 | I'll hover over the grip again.
This time I'll select Origin Point.
| | 01:56 | And as I move my cursor, I can
dynamically drag this pattern on my screen.
| | 02:00 | This allows me to easily and
visually center this pattern in my room.
| | 02:04 | Once I get the hatch and the location
that I like, I can click on screen to accept.
| | 02:09 | Let's make another change.
| | 02:11 | Once again, I'll hover, this time
I'll select Hatch Angle, and as I move my
| | 02:15 | cursor, I am now dynamically
adjusting the rotation of this pattern.
| | 02:20 | I can pick a point on screen if I like to
set my rotation, or I can enter a value.
| | 02:25 | I'd like to rotate this hatch 45 degrees.
| | 02:27 | So I'm going to type 45 and hit Enter.
| | 02:30 | And notice my hatch didn't change.
| | 02:32 | Do you have any idea why?
| | 02:34 | Take a look up here in my settings.
| | 02:36 | Notice this hatch is already rotated 45 degrees.
| | 02:40 | If I want it to rotate it 45 degrees
from its current rotation, I would need to
| | 02:45 | select Hatch Angle and enter a value of 90.
| | 02:49 | I'd like to make one more change.
| | 02:50 | Let's say were to go with a different
size tile, maybe one that's half as big
| | 02:54 | as what we are currently using.
| | 02:56 | I'll hover over the grip, we'll select
Hatch Scale, and I can dynamically adjust
| | 03:02 | its scale or I can enter a value.
| | 03:04 | To make my hatch half as big as its
current size, what value would I use to make
| | 03:09 | my hatch half as big as its current size?
| | 03:12 | It's not going to be .5.
| | 03:15 | Take a look right here at my current scale.
| | 03:18 | Since this is set to 100, if I want to
make my hatch half as big, I'll need to
| | 03:23 | enter a value of 50.
| | 03:24 | When I am finished making my
changes I'll hit Escape to deselect.
| | 03:29 | Let's select the hatch one more time,
because I'd like to show you another way
| | 03:32 | we can use this grip.
| | 03:33 | I am going to hover to bring up the menu,
and then I'll select the Stretch option.
| | 03:39 | When the Stretch option is current,
if I tap my Ctrl key AutoCAD will cycle
| | 03:44 | to the next option.
| | 03:45 | Right now I'm adjusting my origin.
| | 03:47 | Let me tap Ctrl. I am now
adjusting my rotation; tap Ctrl again and
| | 03:51 | I'm adjusting my scale.
| | 03:53 | So we can use the Ctrl key
to cycle between the options.
| | 03:56 | Let's hit Escape to cancel and
then I'll hit Escape again to deselect.
| | 04:01 | Let's take a look at one more thing.
| | 04:02 | In AutoCAD 2011, there is a new Draw
Order property that's associated with hatch.
| | 04:08 | If I come up to Modify panel and open
up the Draw Order menu, right here at the
| | 04:12 | bottom is a new setting
called Send Hatches to Back.
| | 04:16 | This is a great tool to use to send all
of your hatch to the back of your drawing.
| | 04:20 | Using the new hatch editing tools in
AutoCAD 2011 takes the guesswork out
| | 04:24 | of modifying hatch.
| | 04:26 | Never again do we have to bounce back
and forth between a dialog box and preview
| | 04:30 | to fine-tune a pattern.
| | 04:32 | We can now create the perfect hatch
in one step using Direct Manipulation.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Editing polylines using multifunctional grips| 00:00 | In the past, editing
polylines has always been painful.
| | 00:03 | It involved a lot of menus, the
commands weren't user-friendly, and the only
| | 00:07 | geometry you can add to a
polylines were straight segments.
| | 00:11 | Well, in AutoCAD 2011 it's now easier
than ever to make changes to your polylines.
| | 00:16 | In this lesson we are going to learn
how to revise our polyline geometry using
| | 00:20 | the new multifunctional grips.
| | 00:21 | I'd like to start out by drawing a polyline.
| | 00:24 | So let's come up to the Draw panel.
We'll launch the Polyline command.
| | 00:28 | Then I'll pick some points on screen,
and you know what, I can see that my
| | 00:33 | object tracking is turned on.
| | 00:35 | Let's come down and click the toggle
to turn that off, just so we don't have
| | 00:38 | the additional line work popping up on screen.
| | 00:42 | I'll pick a few more points.
When I'm finished, I'll hit my Escape key.
| | 00:46 | To edit this polyline I'll click to select it.
| | 00:49 | And notice that in addition to the
primary grips that we're used to seeing
| | 00:53 | at the endpoints and the corners,
we now have secondary grips at the
| | 00:57 | midpoint of each segment.
| | 00:59 | All of these grips are called
multifunctional grips and we'll use these to edit
| | 01:03 | the geometry of this polyline.
| | 01:05 | Let's take a look at the primary grips first.
| | 01:08 | If I hover over a primary grip,
AutoCAD brings up a menu with some options.
| | 01:13 | If I select Stretch a Vertex, I can use
this to move the vertex to a new location.
| | 01:18 | I'm going to click right
here to place the vertex.
| | 01:21 | I'll hover again.
This time I'd like to add a vertex.
| | 01:25 | Now if you add a vertex to a
polyline, the vertex will be added after
| | 01:29 | the current location.
| | 01:31 | Since this polyline was drawn left to
right, if I select Add Vertex, notice the
| | 01:36 | vertex is being added
after the current location.
| | 01:40 | Once again, I'll click to
place this guy on screen.
| | 01:43 | Finally, I'll hover over the grip again,
and this time I'll select to Remove Vertex
| | 01:47 | to remove that guy for my polyline.
| | 01:50 | Now the same three functions that we
just saw can also be accessed by using the
| | 01:54 | Ctrl key on your keyboard.
| | 01:55 | For instance, if I place my cursor over
this grip and click to select, AutoCAD
| | 02:01 | defaults to Stretch mode.
| | 02:03 | If I tap my Ctrl key, it switches to
Add mode. If I tap my Ctrl key again, it
| | 02:09 | switches to Remove mode.
| | 02:11 | I'm going to remove this vertex, so I will
click on screen to accept the new geometry.
| | 02:16 | Now let's take a look at the secondary grip.
| | 02:18 | If I hover over this grip I get another menu.
| | 02:21 | I can use to Stretch option to
move this segment. Let's hit Escape.
| | 02:27 | If I hover, I can use Add Vertex to
pull this out and create a new vertex,
| | 02:32 | and two new segments.
| | 02:35 | Let's hover again. This time
I'll select Convert to Arc.
| | 02:38 | I can use this option to
pull this segment into an arc.
| | 02:42 | Finally, we can add arcs
when editing our polylines.
| | 02:46 | The same Ctrl key functionality we saw
earlier with primary grips also works
| | 02:50 | with secondary grips.
| | 02:52 | Let's look at one more thing. If
you have an arc and you hover over the
| | 02:55 | secondary grip, we can use this option
to remove the arc, we can add a vertex,
| | 03:00 | or we can convert this arc into a straight line.
| | 03:04 | When I am finished editing my
geometry I'll hit my Escape key.
| | 03:07 | Now that we understand how these
multifunctional grips work, let's try and use
| | 03:11 | them in a practical example.
| | 03:12 | I am going to pan my drawing over.
| | 03:15 | On my screen I have got a
civil engineering drawing.
| | 03:19 | This is a site plan for a
proposed restaurant and parking lot.
| | 03:23 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 03:25 | If I hover over my parking lot, I can
see this geometry is a closed polyline.
| | 03:30 | In fact, this text right here is called
a field and the square footage that we
| | 03:34 | see is tied to this polyline.
| | 03:37 | If I select list and grab this grip and
pull it out may be to here, as soon as I
| | 03:42 | Regen, and I can do that by typing re
and hit Enter, keep an eye on this number.
| | 03:47 | Notice the area changes.
| | 03:49 | So this value is tied to this geometry.
| | 03:53 | Let's click Undo a
couple times to put that back.
| | 03:55 | I'm going to back up a little bit,
because we need to edit this parking lot.
| | 04:00 | The main problem we have is we've got a
lot of parking stalls and only one access.
| | 04:05 | I would like to be able to access
this parking lot from Woodlawn Avenue.
| | 04:09 | I'm going to open my layer control, and
let's turn on this layer called Revised.
| | 04:16 | If I zoom in, we can see the geometry that
represents what I'd like my parking lot to do.
| | 04:21 | Now instead of that exploding this
geometry and joining everything here
| | 04:24 | together, let's see if we can edit
our polyline to match this line work.
| | 04:29 | To do that I'll select the geometry.
Let's zoom in a little bit more.
| | 04:34 | I'll hover over the secondary grip, and
let's convert it into a straight segment.
| | 04:39 | I'll then select this endpoint.
| | 04:41 | I will then hover over
the grip and select Stretch.
| | 04:44 | I'll place it to the intersection here.
| | 04:47 | I'll hover over the grip and select
Stretch. Place it to the endpoint here.
| | 04:52 | I'll hover over the secondary
grip. I'll select Add Vertex.
| | 04:56 | I'll place one to the endpoint here.
| | 04:59 | I'll do the same thing, and
place it to the endpoint here.
| | 05:02 | Generally speaking, I am tracing
all of my straight segments first.
| | 05:06 | Let's add another vertex right here.
| | 05:10 | I'll add another vertex right there.
| | 05:15 | Now all I have to do is
hover and select Convert to Arc.
| | 05:19 | And I'll place this arc to the,
Shift+right-click, midpoint here.
| | 05:24 | We'll hover over this one and select Convert
to Arc and I'll place it to the midpoint here.
| | 05:30 | And then I'll select this
one and you know what, oops!
| | 05:32 | I accidentally clicked that.
| | 05:34 | Don't worry. We can always use the Ctrl key.
| | 05:36 | Let me click Ctrl, I'll
click Ctrl again, there we go.
| | 05:40 | Now I am pulling out an arc. I'll place
his to the, Shift+right-click, midpoint here.
| | 05:46 | When I am finished I'll hit Escape.
| | 05:48 | And we can turn off the Revise layer.
| | 05:55 | Now we are finished, I'll type re
to Regen the drawing, and our area
| | 06:00 | updates automatically.
| | 06:01 | Just think, never again do we have
to swift through cryptic menus to make
| | 06:05 | changes to our polylines.
| | 06:07 | In AutoCAD 2011, we can use
multifunctional grips to make powerful and
| | 06:11 | effortless changes to our geometry.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Creating splines using fit points or control vertices| 00:00 | When you need to create smooth non-geometric
curves, there's nothing better than a spline.
| | 00:05 | Splines allow you to create free-form
geometry that doesn't have to conform
| | 00:09 | to strict dimensions.
| | 00:10 | In this lesson, we're going to look at
the new options available in AutoCAD 2011
| | 00:14 | for creating spline geometry.
| | 00:17 | I'm going to start by opening up my Draw
panel and I'll launch the Spline command.
| | 00:22 | Take a look at the command line. Notice
there's a new option down here called Method.
| | 00:26 | I'm going to right-click and
select Method from this menu.
| | 00:30 | In AutoCAD 2011, there's now two ways
or two methods for creating a spline.
| | 00:35 | There is the Fit method and the CV method.
| | 00:38 | CV stands for control vertices.
| | 00:41 | Let's look at the Fit method first.
| | 00:43 | I'll select that and then I'll
start picking some points on screen.
| | 00:49 | The Fit method is very similar to how we've
created splines in prior versions of AutoCAD.
| | 00:55 | The arcs that I'm creating are
based on, and pass through the fit point
| | 00:59 | locations, where I'm clicking on the screen.
| | 01:03 | When I'm finished with my spline,
I'll hit the Enter key on my keyboard.
| | 01:07 | Let's look at some of these
settings associated with the Fit option.
| | 01:11 | I'm going to pan my drawing up.
| | 01:12 | We'll launch the Spline command again
and take a look at the command line.
| | 01:19 | Notice there is an
option down here called Knots.
| | 01:22 | Once again, I'll right-click.
| | 01:23 | We'll select Knots from the menu.
| | 01:26 | This represents our Knot parameterization.
| | 01:28 | Now there are three
parameters we can choose from.
| | 01:31 | Our Knot parameter affects the shape of the
curve as it passes through the fit points.
| | 01:37 | Now what I'd like to do is create three
splines, one using each parameter, such
| | 01:41 | that we can see the difference.
| | 01:43 | Chord happens to be the default, so
I'll select that and I'm going to create my
| | 01:47 | splines using these circular targets.
| | 01:49 | That way all three splines
have the same fit point locations.
| | 01:54 | So let's draw our spline from the center
of this circle to this one to this one.
| | 01:59 | I'll connect them all and
then I'll hit my Enter key.
| | 02:02 | I will then hit the Spacebar to
go back into the Spline command.
| | 02:06 | I'll right-click and select Knots.
| | 02:08 | This time we'll use the Square root parameter.
| | 02:11 | Before I draw my spline, I'm going to
open up the Properties panel and I'll
| | 02:15 | change my current color to red.
| | 02:17 | This way we can tell the
difference between the geometry.
| | 02:22 | I will then move through and connect all
of my center points, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 02:28 | Let's hit the Spacebar
again to re-launch Spline.
| | 02:31 | I'll right-click and select Knots.
| | 02:34 | Finally, we'll take a look
at the Uniform parameter.
| | 02:37 | As before, I'm going to open up my
Properties panel and this time I'll change
| | 02:40 | my current color to green.
| | 02:43 | Now as I draw the spline from center to
center to center, take a look at my command line.
| | 02:48 | Notice there is a setting
down here called toLerance.
| | 02:51 | At any point while creating any of
these three splines, I could have adjusted
| | 02:55 | this tolerance setting.
| | 02:57 | Keep this setting in mind.
| | 02:58 | It's going to be important in just a second.
| | 03:02 | Let's finish up the spline.
| | 03:03 | Then I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:05 | When I zoom in, you really can't see
much difference between the three options,
| | 03:09 | that is, until we adjust our tolerance value.
| | 03:13 | Tolerance controls the distance
the arc is from the fit point.
| | 03:17 | Now the default tolerance setting is zero.
| | 03:19 | That's why all of these arcs
pas through the fit point.
| | 03:22 | Tolerance and your Knot
parameter kind of go hand in hand.
| | 03:25 | As you increase the tolerance, your Knot
parameter will have a greater effect on
| | 03:29 | the shape of the spline.
| | 03:31 | I'm going to back up just a little bit,
and rather than redrawing these splines
| | 03:36 | with a different tolerance, I'm going
to create a crossing selection to select
| | 03:41 | these and then I'll hit Ctrl+1
to bring up my Property Changer.
| | 03:46 | I'll click-and-hold this
slider and drag this to the bottom.
| | 03:49 | Let's change our Fit tolerance right here.
| | 03:52 | I'm going to set this to 1 and hit Enter.
| | 03:55 | Notice the change in the shape of splines.
| | 03:58 | Once again, I'll click in the tolerance
field and I'll set this to 2 and hit Enter.
| | 04:02 | We can see the effect in our geometry.
| | 04:05 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape
to deselect my splines, and I'll close
| | 04:08 | the Property Changer.
| | 04:10 | Let's look at another setting
associated with the Fit method.
| | 04:15 | Maybe I'd like to create a nice smooth
transition between these straight segments.
| | 04:21 | I'm going to launch my Spline command.
| | 04:23 | I'll create my spline from the
endpoint here, and let's take a look at this
| | 04:27 | start tangency option.
| | 04:30 | I will right-click and
select that from the menu.
| | 04:33 | Start tangency controls the direction
at which I am exiting my start point.
| | 04:38 | I will define that
direction by Shift+Right-click.
| | 04:42 | I'll select Parallel and I'll hover
over this line to acquire the angle.
| | 04:46 | I will then place my cursor on the other
side to snap to that direction and I'll click.
| | 04:51 | I will then pick a point just
about in between these endpoints.
| | 04:56 | Notice as I move, my spline segment will
always maintain its tangency to that line.
| | 05:02 | I will draw my spline to the
endpoint of this segment and then I will
| | 05:05 | right-click and I'll
select end Tangency this time.
| | 05:09 | I would like to define the direction of my
end tangency to be the endpoint of this segment.
| | 05:15 | Using those tangency options, I was
able to create a nice smooth transition
| | 05:19 | between these straight-
line segments. Let's back up.
| | 05:23 | I'm going to pan the drawing over
and we'll find some open space here.
| | 05:27 | This time, let's take a look at the
control vertices method of creating a spline.
| | 05:31 | I will launch the Spline command.
| | 05:33 | I'll right-click and select Method.
| | 05:35 | We'll choose CV and I'll
pick some points on screen.
| | 05:42 | Notice the difference.
| | 05:44 | In this case, I'm creating control
vertices, which define these angles that
| | 05:48 | influence the way my geometry curves.
| | 05:51 | Now that I'm finished,
I'm going to hit the Enter key.
| | 05:54 | When I'm finished with
my spline, I'll hit Enter.
| | 05:56 | Let's take a look at some of the
settings that are associated with the CV or
| | 06:00 | control vertices method.
| | 06:03 | I'm going to re-launch the Spline
command and take a look at the command line.
| | 06:08 | Whereas Fit has a Knots
settings, CV has a Degree setting.
| | 06:13 | I'm going to right-click and select Degree.
| | 06:16 | Now there are three possible
settings for Degree, 1, 2 or 3.
| | 06:20 | The Degree setting controls the maximum
number of bends you can have in each span.
| | 06:25 | Once again, we'll create a spline using
each setting, so we can see the difference.
| | 06:29 | I'm going to start with a Degree
setting of 1 and I'll draw my spline to the
| | 06:36 | center of each of these circles.
| | 06:39 | With a Degree setting
of 1, we have no curvature.
| | 06:41 | Our spline is essentially
nice, sharp, straight segments.
| | 06:46 | I'm going to re-launch the command.
| | 06:47 | I'll right-click and select Degree.
| | 06:49 | This time, we'll try a value of 2.
| | 06:52 | As before, I'm going to change my
current color to red, so we can see the
| | 06:57 | difference between the entities.
| | 07:00 | We'll connect the same centers.
| | 07:04 | With a Degree setting of 2, I get a
single curve or a parabolic curve in
| | 07:09 | each one of these spans.
| | 07:11 | Finally, we'll re-launch the command.
| | 07:13 | I'll select Degree.
| | 07:14 | We'll set this to a value of 3,
which happens to be the default.
| | 07:19 | I'm going to change my current color to ByLayer.
| | 07:29 | With a Degree setting of 3,
I can have two curves per span.
| | 07:33 | We can easily see the reverse
curve in this span in the middle.
| | 07:36 | Now that we've seen some of the new
ways we can create spline geometry.
| | 07:40 | Let's try and use some of
these tools in a practical example.
| | 07:43 | I'm going to zoom out.
| | 07:45 | Let's pan the drawing over.
| | 07:46 | On my screen, I have a
civil engineering example.
| | 07:49 | This is a drawing of a large wooded lot.
| | 07:51 | I've got a pond right here.
| | 07:55 | On the west side of the lot,
I have an existing bike path.
| | 07:58 | Now in this case, we're going
to do some conceptual design.
| | 08:02 | I would like to create the conceptual
proposed centerline of a new bike path
| | 08:07 | that deviates from the existing
path and traverses through my property.
| | 08:12 | Then reconnect to the
path in the southwest corner.
| | 08:15 | To create my design, I'm going to zoom in.
| | 08:17 | Then I will open up the layer control
and I will set my current layer to the
| | 08:22 | proposed centerline layer.
| | 08:25 | I will then launch the Spline command
and I would like to use the Fit method,
| | 08:29 | because I would like to draw
my spline using the fit points.
| | 08:33 | The first point of my spline will be at the
Shift+Right-click, nearest to right here.
| | 08:40 | I'd like to use a start tangent, so I will
right-click and select that from the menu.
| | 08:45 | I would like to define my
start tangent direction by a point,
| | 08:49 | Shift+Right-click, nearest to here.
| | 08:54 | I'll back up a little bit and
I'll pick my first fit point.
| | 08:56 | Let me back up a little bit more,
so we can center the lot on screen.
| | 09:02 | I'll pick some more fit
points to create my path.
| | 09:08 | Now, this path is conceptual,
so I can go any place I want.
| | 09:13 | Because I'm using a spline, I can
create this free-form geometry much faster
| | 09:17 | than if I was using traditional
commands like Arc and Line and Polyline.
| | 09:24 | I'm going to weave this right through here.
| | 09:27 | Finally, I'll zoom in to do my connection.
| | 09:30 | I would like to connect at a point,
Shift+Right-click, nearest to here.
| | 09:35 | Let's use an end tangent.
| | 09:36 | I'll right-click and select
end Tangency from the menu.
| | 09:40 | I'd like its direction defined by a
point nearest to here. There we go!
| | 09:45 | Let's back up and take a look.
| | 09:49 | This is going to be a 10-foot wide path.
| | 09:52 | So I will launch my Offset command.
| | 09:55 | My offset distance will be 5 and I'll hit Enter.
| | 09:57 | I would like to offset my
centerline to this side.
| | 10:02 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 10:03 | I will offset the centerline to this side.
| | 10:06 | And I'll hit Escape when I'm finished.
| | 10:08 | Finally, I will select the edges of my path.
| | 10:10 | We'll open up the layer control.
| | 10:12 | We will place these on the
proposed edge of pavement layer.
| | 10:16 | Splines are a great way to create smooth,
fre- form geometry, without the need
| | 10:20 | for entering specific dimensions.
| | 10:23 | In AutoCAD 2011, we have even more
flexibility and control when creating
| | 10:28 | our spline geometry.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Editing splines using intuitive grip menus| 00:00 | The way we edit splines has
also been improved in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:04 | Rather than drilling down through
cryptic menus, we can now edit our splines
| | 00:08 | dynamically using multifunctional grips.
| | 00:11 | On my screen I have a pair of straight-
line segments, and I would like to create
| | 00:15 | a spline that connects them.
| | 00:18 | So I'm going to open up my Draw
panel and I'll launch the Spline command.
| | 00:22 | If we look right down here, we
can see that we're using the default
| | 00:25 | spline method of Fit.
| | 00:27 | I'm going to start my spline
at the endpoint of this line.
| | 00:31 | I'll pick a few more points on screen.
| | 00:34 | I will then go to the endpoint of this
line, and to finish I'll hit my Enter
| | 00:38 | key on my keyboard.
| | 00:40 | To edit the geometry of
the spline, I will select it.
| | 00:43 | This brings up several grips.
| | 00:45 | This triangular one is obviously brand new.
| | 00:47 | This is a lookup grip.
| | 00:49 | I will select this first. This guy
brings up a menu that lets us choose which
| | 00:53 | grips we'd like to use to edit the geometry.
| | 00:55 | Would you like to edit the fit
points or the control vertices?
| | 01:00 | I'm going to select control
vertices. Those now show up on screen.
| | 01:04 | At this point I could select a vertex
and I could drop at some place else.
| | 01:08 | I could grab this vertex and move
it, very easy to edit the geometry.
| | 01:13 | Let's select the lookup grip
again and I'll choose fit points.
| | 01:17 | Now I have a grip at each fit point location.
| | 01:21 | I could select this fit point and
click to move it someplace else.
| | 01:25 | When I'm finished making my
changes, I can hit my Escape key.
| | 01:29 | Now let's look a little bit deeper at some of
the other edits we can make with these grips.
| | 01:34 | I'm going to select my spline again,
I will hover over this fit point and
| | 01:38 | AutoCAD brings up a menu with some options.
| | 01:41 | If I select Stretch, this is the
same as Move, I can move this fit point.
| | 01:46 | I'm going to click to place it here.
| | 01:48 | I can also add a fit point.
| | 01:50 | If you choose to do that, the fit point
will be placed after the current location.
| | 01:55 | I will click on screen to place mine right here.
| | 01:59 | And I will hover over the new fit point.
| | 02:01 | this time we'll use Remove
to take it out of our spline.
| | 02:05 | All of the options we've just seen can also be
accessed through your Ctrl key on your keyboard.
| | 02:11 | Rather than hovering if I click to
select this grip, AutoCAD defaults to the
| | 02:16 | Stretch or Move mode.
| | 02:18 | If I tap my Ctrl key, AutoCAD will cycle to add.
| | 02:23 | If I tap my Ctrl key again,
it will cycle to remove.
| | 02:27 | I'm going to click on screen to
accept the removal of this fit point.
| | 02:31 | All of these grips work the same
way except for the ones on the ends.
| | 02:35 | If I hover over this one, notice I get
an additional option, Tangent Direction.
| | 02:41 | I'm going to select this and I would
like to define the direction of my start
| | 02:45 | tangent by selecting the endpoint of this line.
| | 02:49 | Let's take care of the other side.
| | 02:50 | I will hover over this grip
and select Tangent Direction.
| | 02:54 | And I will define the direction of my end
tangency by grabbing the endpoint of this line.
| | 03:00 | Now let's take a look at some of the edit
options available with our control vertices.
| | 03:05 | I'll click the Lookup Grip,.
We'll select the other option.
| | 03:08 | I'll then hover over this control
vertex. Notice I have a Stretch option so I
| | 03:13 | can move this vertex wherever I like.
| | 03:16 | I can also add a vertex
after the current location.
| | 03:22 | Let's hover again. I will
remove the vertex that I just added.
| | 03:27 | Let's take a look at
this option Refine Vertices.
| | 03:30 | If I select this option the same of my
spline won't change, but AutoCAD will add
| | 03:34 | an extra vertex such that I
have another measure of control.
| | 03:39 | I'm going to hover over
this one in Refine Vertices.
| | 03:42 | Once again, same thing, but now I have
a few extra points that I can select to
| | 03:46 | adjust this geometry.
| | 03:49 | And just like with the fit points, if I
click to select a vertex, I can tap my
| | 03:54 | Ctrl key to cycle through all of the options.
| | 03:58 | I'm going to use the Stretch
option and place this vertex right here.
| | 04:03 | When I'm finished making my changes,
I'll hit my Escape key to
| | 04:05 | deselect the spline.
| | 04:06 | Let me show you one more new editing
option available in AutoCAD 2011, and
| | 04:12 | we can only access this
through the Spline Edit command.
| | 04:15 | We can launch Spline Edit two ways. I
can open up my Modify panel and I can
| | 04:20 | click the icon right here, or I
can also launch the command by
| | 04:24 | double-clicking the spline.
| | 04:26 | From here I'll select Edit Vertex. Notice
there is a brand new option called Add Kink.
| | 04:32 | If I select this and move my cursor,
this little X follows me around, and
| | 04:36 | wherever I place the X, that's where
I'm going to create a kink in my spline.
| | 04:41 | I'm going to click right here to place
my kink, and then to get out of the menus
| | 04:46 | I'm going to hit Enter, Enter, Enter.
| | 04:49 | Let's reselect the spline.
| | 04:51 | I'll then hover over my new
vertex and select Stretch.
| | 04:54 | And as I pull this out and we zoom in,
you can see that I've created a nice
| | 04:58 | sharp kink in my geometry.
| | 05:02 | Now that we understand the fundamentals
of editing a spline, let's try and edit
| | 05:06 | a spline in a practical example.
| | 05:08 | I'm going to back up and
I'll pan my drawing over.
| | 05:11 | On my screen I have a
conceptual plan for a proposed bike path.
| | 05:17 | Now I would like to edit
the geometry of my centerline.
| | 05:21 | So, I'm going to start out by
zooming in and I'm going to launch my Erase
| | 05:25 | command and I'll erase the
left and right edge of the path.
| | 05:30 | I really don't need those.
| | 05:31 | Once I change my centerline
geometry I can always create new offsets.
| | 05:35 | Next, I'll select my geometry, this is
obviously a spline, and I'm going to edit
| | 05:40 | this using the fit point grips.
| | 05:42 | I'd like to start by removing some
of these. I actually have too many.
| | 05:46 | Some of the grips are forcing
the spline to be rather straight.
| | 05:49 | So to remove some of these
points, I'm going to hover.
| | 05:52 | I'll select Remove.
| | 05:54 | I'll hover over this one, Remove.
| | 05:56 | Notice my arc is now a lot cleaner.
| | 05:58 | It's a lot smoother than it was before.
| | 06:01 | I would like to move this fit point,
so I will hover and select Stretch.
| | 06:06 | Be careful when you're moving the points around.
| | 06:08 | I happened to have a running
object snap set for endpoint.
| | 06:11 | And if I'm too close to this line, when
I clicked that fit point kind of snapped
| | 06:15 | to the end and it looked like it disappeared.
| | 06:17 | I'm going to click Undo to bring that back.
| | 06:22 | I will then select my spline again.
I'll hover and select Stretch.
| | 06:26 | This time I'll make sure to be very
mindful of my running object snap.
| | 06:30 | I'm going to pull this down here and click.
| | 06:33 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 06:34 | I'd like to change the route of my
path through here, so I'm going to remove
| | 06:38 | several of these grips.
| | 06:39 | We'll select Remove. I'll
hover and select Remove, Remove.
| | 06:45 | Much easier to remove grips in a spline in
AutoCAD 2011 than it has been in any prior version.
| | 06:52 | I will hover and select Stretch.
I will move this grip over here.
| | 06:57 | I'd like to add a few points.
| | 06:58 | Let's take and run the path
around this cluster of trees.
| | 07:02 | To do that I will hover and select Add Fit
Point. I'll place my fit point right here.
| | 07:10 | I will then hover and select Stretch.
| | 07:12 | We'll pull a new one up here.
| | 07:15 | Don't worry if you
accidentally click and select these grips.
| | 07:18 | We can always tap the Ctrl key
to cycle through the same options.
| | 07:22 | Since I selected mine it defaults to
stretch. I'm just going to pull this up
| | 07:26 | and click to set its new location.
| | 07:28 | I think I can get rid of one more vertex.
| | 07:30 | I'm going to remove this one.
| | 07:31 | I'm going to take out one
more, I'll remove this one.
| | 07:35 | That's much better.
| | 07:36 | I now have a very lean spline with just
enough fit points to keep my arcs long and smooth.
| | 07:41 | Now that I'm finished with my edits, I'll
hit Escape, and then we'll offset the geometry.
| | 07:46 | I launch the Offset command.
| | 07:49 | I'll enter a distance of 5 for 5 feet.
| | 07:53 | I'll offset my centerline to this
direction, and then I'll select it again and
| | 07:57 | offset it in this direction.
| | 07:59 | I'll hit Escape when I'm finished, and
then I will select each of these edges.
| | 08:03 | We'll open up the layer control and I'll put
these on the proposed edge of pavement layer.
| | 08:10 | I am sure you'll agree that using the
new multifunctional grips makes editing
| | 08:13 | our splines faster and more intuitive than ever.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Using the JOIN command to connect contiguous geometry| 00:00 | If you create a lot of geometry
using splines, you're going to love the
| | 00:03 | enhancements made to the Join command.
| | 00:06 | In AutoCAD 2011, we can now use Join to
connect our splines to nearly any other entity.
| | 00:12 | On my screen I've got an example of a
few entities, and I would like to join
| | 00:15 | these to some splines.
| | 00:17 | So I'm going to create a spline by
opening up the Draw panel. I'll launch the
| | 00:21 | Spline command and I'll start my spline
from the endpoint of this line segment.
| | 00:28 | I'll pick a few more points on screen, and
when I'm finished, I'll hit my Enter key.
| | 00:32 | Now instead of drawing several more
splines, I'm just going to copy this one.
| | 00:37 | I'll launch my Copy command, I'll select
my spline and right-click and I'll copy
| | 00:42 | it from the endpoint here
to here to here to here.
| | 00:46 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape.
| | 00:48 | Let's start by joining this
spline to the straight-line segment.
| | 00:52 | To do that, I'm going to open up the
Modify panel and launch the Join command.
| | 00:57 | And here is the trick. If you want to join an
entity to your spline, select the spline first.
| | 01:03 | So I'll select my spline and then my
line and I'll right-click, and that's it.
| | 01:08 | This becomes a single spline-segment.
| | 01:10 | I'm going to hit my Spacebar to go
back into the Join command, and let's join
| | 01:15 | this spline to this arc.
| | 01:17 | Once again, I'll right-click
and it becomes a single spline.
| | 01:21 | I'll hit my Spacebar again, we'll join
this spline to this polyline, re-launch
| | 01:26 | the command, and I'll join
my spline to this helix.
| | 01:29 | We can use the Join command to connect
a spline to a line, arc, polyline, 3D
| | 01:35 | polyline, helix or another spline,
so long as they meet end to end.
| | 01:39 | And the object's being
joined don't need to be coplanar.
| | 01:43 | They can exist in three-
dimensional space and still join just fine.
| | 01:47 | Let's try using the Join
command in a practical example.
| | 01:51 | I'm going to paint my drawing over.
| | 01:53 | On my screen, I have a
conceptual design for a flexible penlight.
| | 01:58 | And I've already created the
centerline for the flexible arm.
| | 02:01 | It consists of a spline segment and a
couple of straight lines where the arm
| | 02:06 | enters the body of the part.
| | 02:09 | To create the shape of the arm, I'd
like to offset this geometry, but before
| | 02:13 | I do that, I'm going to join it altogether
such that I can offset everything in one piece.
| | 02:18 | Prior to AutoCAD 2011, this wasn't possible.
| | 02:21 | I'll start by launching the Join command.
I'll select my spline first followed
| | 02:28 | by my two straight segments
and then I'll right-click.
| | 02:31 | Now that this is a single spline
object, I'll launch my Offset command.
| | 02:36 | I'm going to use an offset
distance of 0.075 and hit Enter.
| | 02:41 | I'll offset my centerline to the outside.
| | 02:44 | I'll select it again and offset it to the
inside and I'll hit my Escape key when I'm finished.
| | 02:49 | Finally, I'll select my two offsets and
I'll open up my layer control and I'll
| | 02:55 | put them on the flexible arm layer.
| | 02:57 | When I'm finished, I'll hit the Escape key.
| | 02:59 | With the enhancements made to the
Join command, splines become much more
| | 03:03 | versatile and they are even easier
to incorporate into our workflow.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
5. Working More Efficiently in 3DExploring the updated 3D working environment | 00:00 | In this lesson, we're going to take a
look at the improvements that have been
| | 00:03 | made to the 3D working environment and tools.
| | 00:06 | These changes not only help the
experienced designer, they also make it easier
| | 00:09 | for beginners to start using
AutoCAD to create 3D models.
| | 00:13 | I've already got a drawing open on my screen.
| | 00:15 | We're going to look at this
drawing in just a little bit.
| | 00:18 | I'd like to start out by creating a new drawing.
| | 00:20 | So, I'm going to move up to the Quick
Access toolbar. I'll launch the New command.
| | 00:26 | I'd like to start using the acad3D template.
| | 00:29 | When I click Open, try and remember
what the 3D template used to look like.
| | 00:34 | Notice it's now using the same
color scheme as the 2D template.
| | 00:37 | This is by design and it's to help ease
the transition between 2D and 3D drafting.
| | 00:43 | I'm going to orbit my view.
| | 00:45 | To do that, I'll hold down my Shift
key and the scroll wheel on my mouse.
| | 00:50 | As I move my mouse forward, we can tip
the drawing down and notice the horizon.
| | 00:55 | This is a visual cube to let us know
that we're working in a 3D perspective view.
| | 01:00 | If I right-click on my ViewCube and set
this to Parallel, the horizon goes away,
| | 01:06 | and now I can tell very easily
that I'm working in a parallel view.
| | 01:10 | Let's take a look at our 3D workspaces.
| | 01:14 | I'm going to open up the Workspace menu,
and in AutoCAD 2011, we now have two
| | 01:18 | choices, 3D Basics and 3D Modeling.
| | 01:22 | Let's look at 3D Basics first.
| | 01:25 | If you are just getting into 3D, this is
probably the perfect workspace for you.
| | 01:29 | This includes a limited set of tools,
probably the ones you would use most often
| | 01:34 | in 3D, and quite frankly, this
workspace can be a little less intimidating than
| | 01:38 | the full 3D workspace.
| | 01:41 | Let's open the Workspace menu again.
This time I'll select 3D Modeling.
| | 01:46 | This workspace gives us access to
all of the 3D and rendering tools.
| | 01:50 | In fact, my Materials Browser is also turned on.
| | 01:53 | Now, we don't need this guy right now.
| | 01:55 | I'm going to click the X to close it.
| | 01:57 | We'll talk more about the
Materials Browser in a future lesson.
| | 02:00 | Now that we're familiar with the
workspaces and the appearance of the 3D
| | 02:03 | template, let's click Close and
return to the original drawing.
| | 02:09 | This drawing contains several 3D objects.
| | 02:13 | As I hover over this block,
we can see this is a 3D solid.
| | 02:16 | if I hover over the wall, this is a surface.
| | 02:19 | and if I hover over the floor, this is a region.
| | 02:22 | Notice that when I hover over an
object, it highlights on screen.
| | 02:26 | Sometimes, these lines can get in the way.
| | 02:28 | It can actually be confusing
having lines on top of lines.
| | 02:32 | There is a new setting in AutoCAD 2011
called Culling, and we can find that in
| | 02:37 | the Subobject panel.
| | 02:40 | The toggle is right here.
| | 02:41 | If I click this and turn
Culling on, notice the difference.
| | 02:45 | With Culling turned on, AutoCAD only
highlights the portion of the entity that we can see.
| | 02:50 | Now the Culling setting is very easy to find.
| | 02:52 | It's actually on several of the tabs.
| | 02:55 | If I go to the Solid tab, it's right
here, if I open up the Mesh tab, there is
| | 02:59 | another one right here.
| | 03:01 | So it's very easy to find, very easy to change.
| | 03:04 | Now, one thing to remember about Culling.
| | 03:06 | Not only does it control what you see,
it also controls what AutoCAD sees.
| | 03:11 | So if you're experiencing problems
editing your models or making your
| | 03:14 | selections, try turning Culling off.
| | 03:17 | It just might help.
| | 03:18 | I'm going to Shift+Right-Click to bring
up my Object Snap menu, and in AutoCAD
| | 03:23 | 2011, we have a new set of 3D object snaps.
| | 03:28 | As I hover over each of these, take a
look at the lower left corner of the
| | 03:31 | interface. Notice AutoCAD will give
you more information about each snap.
| | 03:35 | Generally speaking, Vertex
is very similar to Endpoint.
| | 03:39 | This snap will also grab the controlled
vertex of a spline or a NURBS surface,
| | 03:44 | which is based on a spline.
| | 03:45 | I can also select the midpoint on an edge.
Center of a face. I can select a knot.
| | 03:51 | The knot is the fit point on your splines.
| | 03:54 | I can find a point perpendicular to a
face, so long as that face is planer or
| | 03:59 | flat and I can snap to a
point nearest to a face.
| | 04:03 | I'm going to hit my Escape key
couple times to close these menus, and
| | 04:07 | let's try some of these new object snaps.
| | 04:09 | For instance, maybe I'd like to create a
circle on the right side of this green block.
| | 04:14 | Now if you look at my status bar, you
can see that my dynamic UCS is turned on.
| | 04:18 | That will make this much easier.
| | 04:21 | I'm going to launch the Circle command.
| | 04:23 | I will then Shift+Right-Click.
| | 04:25 | We'll go to the 3D Object Snaps.
I'll select Center of face.
| | 04:30 | I will hover over this face,
which automatically orients my UCS.
| | 04:34 | I'll click to accept the center
and I'm going to use a radius of 0.5.
| | 04:39 | To create a circle on top of
the block, I'll hit my Spacebar.
| | 04:43 | To go back into the Circle
command, I will Shift+Right-Click.
| | 04:46 | We will select Center of face again.
| | 04:48 | I'll hover over the top and
click and once again, I'll use 0.5.
| | 04:56 | Let's orbit the drawing a little bit.
| | 04:58 | At this time, let's find the distance
between this red block and this back wall.
| | 05:04 | Unfortunately, the Distance command
isn't available in my current workspace.
| | 05:08 | So, to launch this command,
I'm going to type DI and hit Enter.
| | 05:13 | I would like to find the distance from
Shift+Right-Click > Midpoint on edge.
| | 05:19 | I'll select this edge and I'd like
to find the point to, Shift+Right-Click,
| | 05:25 | Perpendicular, and notice
AutoCAD snaps right to this face.
| | 05:30 | Now, these new object snaps can
also be set as running object snaps.
| | 05:33 | If you take a look at the status bar,
we can see there is a new toggle right
| | 05:36 | down here, the 3D Object Snap toggle.
| | 05:39 | I can click this to turn it on;
click it again to turn it off.
| | 05:42 | We can also turn it on and off by
clicking the F4 key on our keyboard.
| | 05:46 | When we're working in 3D in AutoCAD 2011,
we also have more control over how our
| | 05:51 | objects look on screen.
| | 05:53 | I'm going to move up to the View panel.
| | 05:55 | Let's open up the Visual Styles menu.
| | 05:58 | There are five new
visual styles in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 06:03 | We now have shaded, which shades our geometry.
| | 06:08 | We have shaded with highlighted edges.
| | 06:12 | If you like working in monochrome,
you can select shades of gray.
| | 06:19 | There is Sketchy. This allows you to
work in a loose pencil-sketch view.
| | 06:26 | Finally, my personal favorite X-Ray.
| | 06:29 | this gives us a shaded view, yet we
can still see through our geometry to
| | 06:33 | all the back faces.
| | 06:34 | In fact, now that we have the X-Ray
Visual Style, I seldom use any other style.
| | 06:39 | With the improvements made to AutoCAD's
3D working environment and tools,
| | 06:43 | it's never been easier to work in three-
dimensional space or to begin using 3D to
| | 06:48 | visualize your designs.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Simplifying the creation and editing of solid models | 00:00 | 3D solids have gotten an update in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:04 | Specifically we have a new Fillet and
Chamfer tool that allow us to preview our
| | 00:08 | changes and make
revisions dynamically on screen.
| | 00:11 | In this lesson we are going to look at
the new Solid Fillet and Chamfer tools.
| | 00:15 | Since we are going to be working in
3D, take a look at my Workspace menu.
| | 00:19 | Notice I'm using the 3D Modeling
workspace. This gives me access to all of
| | 00:23 | the 3D modeling tools.
| | 00:25 | The drawing I have is of a screwdriver.
| | 00:28 | All of this geometry was created using
3D solids, and before I go any further,
| | 00:33 | I'm going to move up to the View panel,
we'll open up the Visual Styles menu,
| | 00:37 | and I'm going to select X-ray.
| | 00:39 | This gives me a much better
view of all of my geometry.
| | 00:43 | Since these entities are solids, I am
going to be using the solid editing tools.
| | 00:47 | So I'm going to open up the Solid tab,
and the tools we are going to be looking
| | 00:51 | at are on the Solid Editing panel.
| | 00:53 | If I open up this menu, we can see the
new Fillet Edge and Chamfer Edge tools.
| | 00:59 | I'm going to hit Escape to close this
menu, and let's orbit the part around.
| | 01:02 | I am going to zoom in just a little bit.
| | 01:06 | The first thing I'd like to do is add a
fillet to this end of the screwdriver.
| | 01:10 | To do that I'll launch the Fillet Edge
command, and then I'll right click and
| | 01:15 | select radius, and I am going to use
radius of 0.25 and I'll let Enter.
| | 01:21 | I will then select the edge. Notice that I
get a nice preview of that radius on screen.
| | 01:25 | At this point I can hit Enter, and if
I like the radius I can hit Enter again
| | 01:30 | to accept it or I can select radius from
this menu and enter a new value, maybe 0.15.
| | 01:37 | Once again I have another opportunity
to change if I wish, or I can click this
| | 01:42 | direct manipulation grip and I can
drag my fillet visually on screen.
| | 01:46 | I am going to drag this and
place it right about here.
| | 01:51 | When I am finished, I'll hit the Enter key.
| | 01:53 | At any point if I want to change the
geometry of this fillet, I can hold my
| | 01:57 | Control key, select the fillet, then
I'll click this grip. This brings up my
| | 02:02 | Direct Manipulation tool, and if I
click this triangle, I can drag to change my
| | 02:08 | fillet radius or I can enter a new value.
When I am finished, I'll hit Escape.
| | 02:13 | Let's orbit the part around. I'm going to
hold my shift key in the scroll wheel to do that.
| | 02:20 | And I'll pan this down, because I
would like to add some fillets to the blade
| | 02:24 | end of the screwdriver.
| | 02:25 | I want to zoom in a
little bit closer. Watch this.
| | 02:28 | If I roll the wheel forward on my mouse,
I end up chewing right through my part.
| | 02:33 | I actually went past it.
| | 02:34 | Let me roll the wheel back,
so we can see the part again.
| | 02:37 | This actually is a product of our 3D
Perspective view. Sometimes we get a little
| | 02:41 | bit too much zoom than what we need.
| | 02:44 | To fix this I'm going to right click on
my view cube and set this to Parallel.
| | 02:49 | Now when you zoom, it acts a lot
more like what you would expect.
| | 02:52 | This time I would like to fillet
these two edges. Once again I'll launch
| | 02:56 | the Fillet Edge tool.
| | 02:58 | I'm going to right click and set my radius.
| | 03:01 | I'm going to enter a radius of .02 this time.
| | 03:05 | I will select this edge and
this one, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:09 | I am doing this to show you that since
these fillets were created at the same time, time,
| | 03:14 | AutoCAD treats them
as still they're related.
| | 03:17 | If I click my direct manipulation grip
and drag this, notice I'm changing the
| | 03:21 | radius of both fillets.
| | 03:23 | When I am finished with
my changes I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:27 | Likewise, if I want to update these
later, I can hit my Control key and select
| | 03:31 | the fillet. They're both still related.
In fact, if I wanted to, I could remove
| | 03:38 | them both by hitting the
Delete key on my keyboard.
| | 03:41 | Lets back up a little bit.
We'll orbit the part around again.
| | 03:46 | I'm going to right-click.
| | 03:48 | Let's set this back to Perspective.
| | 03:52 | This time let's add a chamfer to this edge.
| | 03:54 | I'll go back up to Solid Editing,
we'll open up the menu, and I'll select
| | 03:59 | the Chamfer Edge tool.
| | 04:01 | I'll then right click and select Distance,
and then I will enter my two distances.
| | 04:06 | I am going to use a value of .25 for
distance number one and .25 for distance two.
| | 04:13 | Then I'll select my edge. Once
again we can see a nice preview.
| | 04:17 | That chamfer is a little bigger than
what I need, so I'm going to hit Enter and
| | 04:22 | from here I could set a new distance,
or if I orbit this a little bit, we can
| | 04:27 | see that we have the direct manipulation grips.
| | 04:29 | I actually have two, one for each value.
| | 04:32 | If I click this guy, I can adjust distance one.
| | 04:35 | If I click this guy, I can adjust distance two.
| | 04:38 | When editing your 3D geometry it's a
good idea to keep your eye open for
| | 04:42 | these specialized grips.
| | 04:43 | They are used for more than just
fillets and chamfers, and they can be one of
| | 04:47 | the fastest ways to edit your geometry.
| | 04:49 | Now I like the way this looks so I'm
going to hit Enter, and as an example, if
| | 04:53 | we wanted to edit this later, we can
always hold Control and click chamfer, click
| | 04:58 | this tool and once again we have
access to our direct manipulation grips.
| | 05:02 | Now I like this one so I am going to
hit Escape to leave it the way it is, and
| | 05:06 | to finish the screwdriver
I'd like to turn on a layer.
| | 05:09 | So I am going to select the Home tab.
| | 05:12 | Let's come all the way down to
the end, open up the Layers panel.
| | 05:16 | I'll open the layer control.
| | 05:17 | and we'll turn on the Remove Layer.
| | 05:20 | This layer contains some geometry that I would
like to remove from the volume of the handle.
| | 05:28 | To remove this I'm going to go back to
the Solid tab. I'll launch the Subtract
| | 05:32 | tool. I will then select the handle.
| | 05:35 | That's what I want to subtract from,
and I'll hit Enter, and then I will select
| | 05:39 | the objects I would like
to subtract and hit Enter.
| | 05:43 | Those have now been removed from the volume
of handle and our screwdriver is finished.
| | 05:47 | The new Solid Fillet and Chamfer
tools take the guesswork out of creating
| | 05:51 | conceptual designs. By making the changes visual,
| | 05:54 | it's even easier to mold and
shape your models on screen.
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| Introducing new tools to edit mesh models| 00:00 | Freeform mesh objects we introduced in
AutoCAD 2010, and there's no better tool
| | 00:05 | than a mesh if you want to
create 3D organic freeform shapes.
| | 00:10 | In AutoCAD 2011, we have even more
powerful tools to edit our mesh objects,
| | 00:14 | which means there are even fewer
limits on the shapes we can create.
| | 00:17 | In this lesson, we're going to
look at the new mesh editing tools.
| | 00:19 | Let me mention first that I am using the
3D Modeling workspace, so I have access
| | 00:25 | to all of the 3D tools.
| | 00:27 | In the View panel I am going to open up
my Visual Styles menu, because I want to
| | 00:31 | mention that I'm using be
Shaded with Edges visual style.
| | 00:35 | Now the geometry that we see on screen
represents a pizza cutter, and this was
| | 00:40 | created using several 3D objects.
| | 00:42 | This blade was created as a 3D solid
and the handle was created as a mesh.
| | 00:48 | To edit my mesh I'm going to click
the Mesh tab on my ribbon, and the new
| | 00:53 | AutoCAD 2011 tools we'll be looking at,
are located in the Mash Edit panel.
| | 00:58 | Let's look at the Merge Face tool first.
| | 01:01 | We can use this tool to simplify our mesh
by merging multiple faces into a single face.
| | 01:08 | I'm going to zoom in a little bit.
I will then launch the command.
| | 01:12 | I'll select this face and
this face and hit Enter.
| | 01:16 | When I do those faces are fused together.
| | 01:18 | Let's launch the command again. I'll
select this face and this face and hit Enter.
| | 01:24 | Now we can merge than just two faces if we want.
| | 01:27 | I would like to do a few more, so I am
going to hit the Spacebar to go back into
| | 01:30 | the command, and I'll select this
face and this face and hit Enter.
| | 01:35 | I'll re-launch the command and we'll do
these two faces. We'll do these two faces.
| | 01:40 | I'll launch the command one more
time and we'll do these two faces.
| | 01:45 | You're probably wondering, why didn't
you just join everything into one big face?
| | 01:49 | Well, the fewer faces you have on your
mesh, the fewer control points you have.
| | 01:54 | By cutting the faces in this area in
half, I have simplified my mesh, and if I
| | 01:59 | want to make changes later, I still
have a fair amount of control points.
| | 02:03 | Let's look at another new mesh editing tool.
| | 02:06 | This time we are going to look at Close Hole.
We can use this to close up a hole in our mesh.
| | 02:12 | When we create a mesh, it's a watertight object.
| | 02:14 | It's essentially a completely closed shape.
| | 02:17 | So you may be wondering how
can you put a hole in your mesh?
| | 02:20 | Let's create a hole.
| | 02:21 | To do that, I'm going to move down to
the Subobject panel, and I'll open up my
| | 02:25 | Subobject menu, I'll select Face, I
will then select this face, and I'll hit
| | 02:31 | the Delete key on my keyboard.
| | 02:33 | Finally, I am going to hit
Escape to close this filter.
| | 02:37 | If I orbit my part now, you can see that
I have punched a hole in this mesh and
| | 02:42 | in the event I wanted to convert this
mesh into a solid later, I couldn't do
| | 02:46 | that because this mesh is no longer watertight.
| | 02:50 | To fix the hole, I am going to launch
the Close Hole tool. I will then select
| | 02:54 | the edges around the outside of the hole.
When I am finished I will hit my Enter
| | 03:00 | key, and the hole goes away.
| | 03:02 | The next tool I would like to look at,
we can find by opening up the Mesh Edit
| | 03:06 | panel. This is the Collapse Face Or Edge tool.
| | 03:10 | This is another way we can simplify our
mesh by reducing faces or edges in this case.
| | 03:15 | I am going to click to launch the
command, I will then select this face, and
| | 03:20 | when I do, AutoCAD reduces
it down to a single vertex.
| | 03:24 | Now this command also works with edges.
If I would like to collapse an edge,
| | 03:28 | I will relaunch the command, and then I
will set my Subobject filter to Edge, and
| | 03:33 | when I select an edge, it collapses.
| | 03:36 | Now that last edit went a little bit too far.
| | 03:38 | I am going to move up and click my
Undo button to bring that edge back.
| | 03:43 | The final mesh editing tool I would like
to look at is the Spin Triangle Face tool.
| | 03:48 | Now you would use this tool if you
are working with a triangular face mesh.
| | 03:52 | I do have a demo for this.
| | 03:54 | I am going to go back to the Home tab.
| | 03:57 | Let's go to the Layers panel. I am going
to open up the layer control and we'll
| | 04:00 | turn on the triangular mesh layer.
| | 04:05 | If I back up and pan this over, let's
zoom in a little bit, on my screen I have
| | 04:10 | got a mesh that was
created using triangular faces.
| | 04:13 | Now if you are wondering how I generated this,
| | 04:16 | I converted to solid.
| | 04:17 | Let me go back to the Mesh tab.
| | 04:20 | If I click this downward facing arrow,
it opens up my Mesh Tessellation Options.
| | 04:25 | You can use this button to convert a
solid into a mesh, and what I did is under
| | 04:29 | Mesh type, I clicked this
flyout and I set it to Triangle.
| | 04:36 | Now let's start by taking a look at the
triangulation on the front of this mesh.
| | 04:41 | Notice I am triangulating from this lower
right corner to this upper inside corner.
| | 04:46 | On this other side, I have got the
exact same shape, but my triangles are
| | 04:49 | going in the other direction.
| | 04:52 | To fix this, I am going to select Spin
Triangle Face. I'll select this face and
| | 04:57 | this face to flip my triangles.
| | 05:00 | Now on a flat face this really
doesn't make much difference.
| | 05:03 | We don't notice a change
in the shape of the mesh.
| | 05:07 | Let's take a look at these triangles.
| | 05:09 | In this case I am triangulating from
this back corner down to the bottom of
| | 05:12 | this V. Maybe I would like to
triangulate from this upper inside corner to this
| | 05:17 | back inside corner.
| | 05:20 | Once again, I am going to launch the
Spin Triangle Face command, I'll click
| | 05:24 | this face and this face, and when the
triangles flip, it changes the shape of my mesh.
| | 05:32 | Let's clean up the other side as well.
I will relaunch the tool and I'll click
| | 05:37 | this face and this face.
| | 05:38 | Now that I am finished I am going to
go back to the Home tab. We'll turn this
| | 05:45 | layer off, we'll go back to the Layers
panel, and I am going to click the layer
| | 05:49 | previous button to put my
layers back where we started.
| | 05:53 | With the new Mesh Editing tools in
AutoCAD 2011, we have even more control over
| | 05:58 | the shape of our mesh geometry.
| | 05:59 | No matter how abstract or freeform your
design may be, AutoCAD has the tools to
| | 06:04 | produce and edit your model.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
6. Introducing Dynamic Surface ModelingIntroducing surfaces| 00:00 | If you've ever created a 3D model using
surfaces, you know how static they tend to be.
| | 00:05 | In fact, once you created a surface,
there was really no easy way to edit its shape.
| | 00:09 | Because of this, over the last
few years, surfaces have fallen out of
| | 00:13 | favor, and most modeling has
been done using Solids or Mesh.
| | 00:17 | Well, surface modeling has been
completely reborn in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:21 | Surfaces are now easy to create,
easy to edit, they can maintain their
| | 00:25 | association to the geometry that
created them, and they can also be sculpted
| | 00:29 | into freeform shapes.
| | 00:31 | To introduce you to the new surface
modeling capabilities, I'd like to do
| | 00:34 | something a little different in this chapter.
| | 00:37 | Rather than doing several small lessons
with multiple examples, I think it would
| | 00:41 | be fun to do a project.
| | 00:42 | I'm going to open a rendered image.
| | 00:45 | This wagon was created almost
entirely with surface objects.
| | 00:48 | Over the next few lessons, we're going
to create this assembly, one component at
| | 00:52 | a time, and while creating each
component we will focus on one of the new
| | 00:56 | aspects of surface modeling.
| | 00:58 | This way we'll cover all the
features, we will see the tools used in a
| | 01:01 | typical workflow, and when we're
finished, we'll produce a photorealistic
| | 01:05 | rendering of our final model.
| | 01:07 | Let's return to AutoCAD.
| | 01:09 | Since we're going to be working on a
comprehensive multipart project, I have got
| | 01:13 | a couple of ground rules for
you to consider as we work.
| | 01:16 | First of all, make sure you're
familiar with using the Orbit command.
| | 01:19 | We'll be using that tool a lot.
| | 01:20 | To orbit your view, you can hold down
the Shift key on your keyboard and the
| | 01:25 | scroll wheel on your mouse, and then as
you move your mouse you can orbit your
| | 01:30 | view around the outside of your 3D part.
| | 01:33 | That's why I have given you this
drawing of this airplane, so you can practice.
| | 01:37 | Make sure you are very comfortable
with adjusting your view in 3D space.
| | 01:40 | Now let's talk about what you
can do if you have problems.
| | 01:44 | For instance, if you see something is
working for me on my screen but it's not
| | 01:48 | working for you, I'd
like you to try some things.
| | 01:52 | If you're having trouble selecting
your geometry or editing your model,
| | 01:56 | I'd like you to do this.
| | 01:57 | Right-click on your ViewCube
and change your view to Parallel.
| | 02:01 | sometimes making this change
is enough to fix the issue.
| | 02:05 | Another thing you can try, you can
open up your Subobject panel and try
| | 02:08 | turning off Culling.
| | 02:10 | Culling controls the
highlighting of our 3D objects on screen.
| | 02:13 | It also controls how AutoCAD sees our geometry.
| | 02:17 | So turning this feature off
might also solve your problem.
| | 02:21 | Finally, and most important, be
careful with your running object snaps.
| | 02:24 | I'm going to right-click on my Object
Snap Mode because I want to show you
| | 02:28 | that I'm going to be running a center as
well as an endpoint object snap, and that's it.
| | 02:34 | If you have too many running object snaps,
you'll run the risk of grabbing a bad coordinate.
| | 02:37 | Well, whenever you are ready, we'll
get to work on our first component.
| | 02:42 | I think you're going to find with
all of the new changes made to surface
| | 02:44 | objects, they just might be the tool
you look to first when you're creating
| | 02:48 | a conceptual design.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Understanding associative surfaces| 00:00 | In this lesson, we're going to
create the body of our wagon.
| | 00:03 | In doing so, we're also going to look
at the associative property of a surface.
| | 00:07 | Since we're going to be working
with surfaces, I'm going to click the
| | 00:10 | Surface tab on my ribbon.
| | 00:12 | This gives me access to all of the
new surfacing tools in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:17 | Since, the tab is on screen, let
me mention one other nice thing.
| | 00:21 | If you hover over a surfacing tool and
your tooltips are turned on, most of
| | 00:25 | these tools incorporate a video that
shows you how to use the tool, which can be
| | 00:30 | very helpful in learning
the features of the program.
| | 00:31 | Let's take a look at the
geometry we have on screen.
| | 00:36 | I'm going to zoom in
on this magenta polyline.
| | 00:40 | This represents a cross
section or the wall of my wagon.
| | 00:44 | This geometry was drawn from a front view.
| | 00:47 | If I click the front view hot spot on
my ViewCube and zoom in here, you can see
| | 00:52 | how this relates to the thickness of the wall.
| | 00:56 | Notice that my section is open on the bottom.
| | 00:58 | That's going to be
important in just a little bit.
| | 01:01 | I'm going to click the upper right
corner hot spot on the ViewCube to return to
| | 01:05 | a southeast isometric view.
| | 01:07 | We'll talk about this geometry now.
| | 01:10 | This cyan line represents the path that
I would like to sweep my cross section
| | 01:14 | around to create the wall portion of the wagon.
| | 01:18 | To create my sweep, I'm going
to launch the Sweep command.
| | 01:21 | I will then select my section and hit Enter.
| | 01:24 | Then I'll select my path.
| | 01:28 | Notice as the section was swept around
that geometry, it created my surface.
| | 01:34 | Take a look at this
Surface Associativity setting.
| | 01:37 | By default, this is turned on.
| | 01:40 | If this is on, it means that the surface
that we create is dynamically linked to
| | 01:44 | the geometry that was used to create it.
| | 01:47 | This means that if I edit my cross
section, I can also edit my surface.
| | 01:52 | I'm going to select this
polyline and I will hover over the grip.
| | 01:57 | I'll select Convert to Arc.
| | 02:00 | Then I'm going to pull
this out just a little bit.
| | 02:03 | I'll pick a point on screen.
| | 02:05 | When I'll finished, I'll hit Escape to deselect.
| | 02:07 | Let me orbit this around a little bit and we
can see the change in the shape of my surface.
| | 02:14 | Now, that's the cross section. You may be
wondering, can we change the path as well?
| | 02:18 | Yes we can.
| | 02:19 | Let me zoom in here a little bit.
| | 02:22 | I'm going to select my path.
| | 02:24 | If you have difficulty selecting the
path, by all means turn on your Selection
| | 02:28 | Cycling toggle. It will make
things a little bit easier.
| | 02:33 | I'm going to hover over this
grip. I'll select Convert to Arc.
| | 02:38 | I'm going to pull my path in
just a little bit and click.
| | 02:42 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Escape.
| | 02:44 | Let's back up and we'll
take a look at our geometry.
| | 02:48 | Notice my surface has dynamically
updated to match the new geometry.
| | 02:53 | Using this new Surface Associativity,
it's very easy to update our 3D model.
| | 02:57 | I'd like to put the
things back the way they were.
| | 03:00 | To do that, I'm going to click
the flyout next to the Undo button.
| | 03:04 | I made two grip edits.
| | 03:06 | So I'm going to move down to just before
the first grip edit, and I'll click right here.
| | 03:11 | There we go, let's back up.
| | 03:15 | Our work is not done. We still
have to put a bottom on the wagon.
| | 03:18 | Before we do that, I'm
going to turn some layers off.
| | 03:21 | I don't need the cross section
or the path geometry anymore.
| | 03:24 | To bring up my Layer Properties Manger,
I'm going to type LA and hit Enter.
| | 03:30 | Let's turn off the surface_section
layer and the surface_path layer.
| | 03:33 | Then I'll close the Manager. There we go.
| | 03:36 | Let's tip this up just a little bit.
| | 03:39 | To close up our surface,
I'm going to use the new Patch tool.
| | 03:43 | Patch does exactly that.
| | 03:44 | it closes up a hole in a surface.
| | 03:48 | I'm going to launch the Patch command.
| | 03:50 | Then I'll zoom in and I'll select an edge.
| | 03:53 | I'll select another edge.
| | 03:54 | Remember our cross section was open
on the bottom, so we actually have two
| | 03:58 | holes, one above the other.
| | 04:00 | We're doing the lower one first.
| | 04:01 | Let me click these edges all
the way around. I'll orbit again.
| | 04:11 | Don't worry, if you select the wrong edge.
| | 04:12 | If you accidentally select for instance
that one, that was obviously a mistake.
| | 04:17 | If I hold my Shift key and re-click that
edge, it will remove it from my selection.
| | 04:22 | Then I can continue.
| | 04:23 | Let me grab this edge.
| | 04:25 | I've got one more to select.
| | 04:27 | I'll grab this guy.
| | 04:28 | Now that I'm done, I'll hit
the Enter key twice, one, two.
| | 04:33 | That closes up the hole in the surface
and creates a nice flat bottom on my wagon.
| | 04:39 | We still have one more hole to close.
| | 04:41 | To make this a little bit easier,
I'm going to select this surface.
| | 04:45 | Then I'm going to hit Ctrl+1
to bring up my Property Changer.
| | 04:50 | Let's change the color
of this surface to yellow.
| | 04:53 | When I'm finished, I am going to
close this Property Changer and I'll hit
| | 04:56 | Escape to deselect.
| | 04:57 | This will make it just a little bit
easier to visually see the other edge.
| | 05:03 | Once again, I'll zoom in.
| | 05:05 | I'm going to launch the Patch command.
| | 05:08 | I will select the upper edge.
| | 05:11 | I'll grab these three edges
and we'll orbit a little bit.
| | 05:14 | Let me zoom in and I'll
select this edge, this one.
| | 05:19 | Come here a little bit more
and let me click, perfect!
| | 05:25 | Notice I clicked the edge, but
it didn't highlight on screen.
| | 05:29 | If that happens to you, you
did probably select the edge.
| | 05:32 | It's just not showing up.
| | 05:34 | I'm going to orbit just a little bit.
| | 05:36 | Notice that makes my
selection show up on screen.
| | 05:39 | That could be an issue with video card or it
could be a bug with the program. There we go.
| | 05:43 | It just happened again. I clicked this edge.
| | 05:45 | Let me orbit, notice that
edge was selected. There we go.
| | 05:48 | Let me click this last one.
| | 05:52 | Finally, when I'm finished, I'll
hit Enter, Enter to patch that hole.
| | 05:59 | Let's back up.
| | 06:00 | The wagon body looks really good.
| | 06:02 | Let me tip this up.
| | 06:04 | Let's change the color
property of this bottom surface now.
| | 06:07 | I will select this again and I'll hit Ctrl+1.
| | 06:11 | Let's change its color back to ByLayer.
| | 06:13 | We'll close the Property Changer
and I'll hit Escape to deselect.
| | 06:17 | I'm going to orbit this back to
approximately a southeast isometric view.
| | 06:23 | Now that our geometry is finished,
we'll save the drawing, such that we can use
| | 06:27 | it later in our final assembly.
| | 06:29 | To save this, I'm going to
click the application menu.
| | 06:32 | I'll select Save As.
| | 06:34 | I'd like you to save the drawing
inside the Exercise Files folder in the
| | 06:39 | finished_parts directory.
| | 06:41 | I'll call this wagonBody_
finished and I'll click Save.
| | 06:48 | This completes the geometry
for the body of our wagon.
| | 06:51 | In this lesson, we learned that
surfaces are no longer static objects.
| | 06:55 | Using the Surface Associativity setting,
we can create surfaces that maintain a
| | 06:59 | dynamic link to the entities that created them.
| | 07:02 | We also got a preview of the Patch
command and saw how it could be used to close
| | 07:06 | up a hole in a surface object.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Creating composite models using surfaces and solids| 00:00 | In this lesson, we're going to
create a wheel for our wagon.
| | 00:03 | Fortunately, since all four wheels are
the same, we only need to create one.
| | 00:07 | When we're constructing the wheel,
we're going to learn how AutoCAD tries to
| | 00:10 | stay one step ahead of us
by anticipating what we need.
| | 00:13 | We'll also learn how to convert a
group of surfaces into a solid object.
| | 00:18 | On my screen, I have the cross
sectional geometry that represents my wheel.
| | 00:23 | This geometry was drawn from a top view.
| | 00:25 | If I click the top view hot spot on my
ViewCube, that's a little bit easier to see.
| | 00:30 | I'm going to click Undo to put my view
back the way it was, and I am going to
| | 00:34 | zoom in a little bit.
| | 00:36 | Let's work with this closed polyline first.
| | 00:39 | I would like to revolve this shape
around this cyan axis to produce the
| | 00:44 | plastic center of my wheel.
| | 00:47 | To revolve my polyline, I'm going to
move up to the Create panel and launch
| | 00:51 | the Revolve command.
| | 00:52 | I will then select my polyline and hit Enter.
| | 00:56 | I would like my axis of revolution defined by
the endpoint right here and the endpoint here.
| | 01:02 | As I'm revolving this, remember this
is a closed polyline, so what type of
| | 01:06 | object should I be getting?
| | 01:08 | Well, typically, I would get a solid.
| | 01:10 | Let's finish the revolution.
| | 01:12 | I am going to type 360 and hit Enter,
so I can do a full revolution, and if I
| | 01:17 | hover over this, we can see that
I've created a surface. Why is this?
| | 01:21 | Well, AutoCAD is trying
to anticipate what I want.
| | 01:25 | I'm going to click Undo.
| | 01:27 | Let's launch the Revolve command again
and this time we'll take a closer look.
| | 01:31 | Notice in the command line,
there is a new Mode setting.
| | 01:34 | This is what controls what we're
going to get, a surface or a solid.
| | 01:37 | Here is how it works.
| | 01:39 | By default if we revolve, extrude,
sweep or loft a closed object and our
| | 01:44 | Surface tab is current, we'll create a surface.
| | 01:47 | If we use the same commands when our
Solid tab is current, we'll create a solid.
| | 01:52 | If I don't want to let AutoCAD make
the determination for me, I can always
| | 01:56 | right-click and select Mode and I
can manually make the choice myself.
| | 02:01 | In this case, I do want the
surface, so I'm going to select that.
| | 02:05 | I'll select my object and hit Enter,
and then I will select my two endpoints to
| | 02:10 | define my axis and I'll
enter 360 for a full revolution.
| | 02:15 | Next, I would like to revolve the
section lines that represent the steel
| | 02:18 | portion of the wheel.
| | 02:20 | Before I do that, I want to turn on a layer.
| | 02:22 | I'm going to type LA and hit Enter to
bring up my Layers Properties Manager.
| | 02:27 | I would like to set my
wheel_steel layer current.
| | 02:30 | One way I can do that is by
double-clicking the layer name.
| | 02:33 | We're going to be using the Layer
Properties Manager frequently in this lesson.
| | 02:36 | So I'm going to right-click on this bar,
and I am going to select Anchor Left so
| | 02:42 | this guy stays on my screen.
| | 02:44 | Now the reason I set that layer current
is because when I revolve this geometry,
| | 02:48 | my surface is going to be
created on the current layer.
| | 02:52 | I'm going to launch the Revolve
command again and I will select these two
| | 02:56 | entities and hit Enter.
| | 02:57 | Then I will select the endpoint
here and the endpoint here for my axis.
| | 03:04 | I'll pull this around and
I'll enter 360. There we go.
| | 03:08 | As I back up and orbit this, we can
see our wheel is starting to take shape.
| | 03:13 | The last thing I have to do is the tire.
| | 03:15 | Once again, I'm going to
set another layer current.
| | 03:19 | So I will hover over the left side
of my screen to open up the Layer Properties Manager.
| | 03:23 | I'm going to double-click wheel_
tire to set that layer current.
| | 03:26 | I will move away and let the Manager collapse.
| | 03:31 | I will launch the Revolve command again.
| | 03:34 | This time, I'll select the line work
that represents the tire and hit Enter.
| | 03:39 | Now, let me orbit this a
little bit, there we go.
| | 03:41 | Now my endpoints are little easier to see.
| | 03:44 | I will define my axis by
this endpoint and this one.
| | 03:49 | I'll pull this around and once again,
we'll enter an angle of 360. There we go.
| | 03:54 | That looks pretty good.
| | 03:57 | Currently, this tire is a surface and
the tread portion of the tire is smooth.
| | 04:03 | Maybe I would like to
add some tread to this tire.
| | 04:06 | In order to do that, I would like to convert
this tire surface into a solid. Let's try that.
| | 04:11 | Let me orbit this back around, and
I would like to turn some layers off such
| | 04:17 | that I can get some things out of my way.
| | 04:19 | I'm going to go back to the Layer Manager.
| | 04:21 | Let's turn off the surface_section layer.
| | 04:24 | I'm going to turn off the wheel_plastic,
which is the center of the wheel, and
| | 04:27 | we'll also turn off the steel
portion of the wheel. There we go.
| | 04:33 | That leaves us with pretty
much just the tire geometry there.
| | 04:37 | Now, this surface is
obviously open on the inside.
| | 04:40 | To convert this into a solid,
I need to make it watertight.
| | 04:43 | So, I'm going to go to the View tab,
and in the Coordinates panel, I'm going to
| | 04:48 | click the UCS flyout and I'm
going to set my UCS to Right side.
| | 04:54 | This aligns my coordinate system such
that it's parallel to the circular edge.
| | 04:58 | Let me orbit this just a little bit more.
| | 05:02 | Now, I'm going to go to the Home
tab and I'm going to create a circle.
| | 05:08 | I would like to draw my circle from the
Shift+Right-click, Center of this edge.
| | 05:13 | Now be careful. If you're not
careful where you pick, you may get the
| | 05:16 | wrong center point.
| | 05:17 | I'm going to make sure I put my
cursor right on this edge and click.
| | 05:20 | Notice that the circle that I'm
creating is oriented properly in this view.
| | 05:25 | I would like to define the radius
of my circle by Shift+Right-clicking.
| | 05:29 | I'll select Nearest.
| | 05:32 | I'll select this edge.
| | 05:33 | Basically, I've just traced
the circular edge of that tire.
| | 05:36 | Now we'll go back to the Surface tab.
| | 05:39 | I'm going to launch the Extrude
command. And what do I want to extrude?
| | 05:43 | I'm going to hit L for last.
| | 05:45 | That will select the last object
that I created, which was that circle.
| | 05:49 | I'm going to hit Enter to finish my
selection and now I can extrude this geometry.
| | 05:55 | Now to close up this surface, you
know how high should I take and extrude this,
| | 05:58 | you know what?
It really doesn't matter.
| | 06:01 | I'm going to pull this out farther
than I would have to, and I'm going to
| | 06:04 | enter a value of 6. There we go!
| | 06:07 | That's obviously more surface than
what I need to close up my tire surface.
| | 06:13 | Let's look at a new command.
| | 06:15 | In the Edit panel, I've got an
option right here called Surface Sculpt.
| | 06:19 | I can use this to convert a group of
surfaces that produce a closed volume
| | 06:25 | into a solid object.
| | 06:26 | So I will select this surface and this one.
| | 06:29 | When I hit Enter, AutoCAD finds the
closed volume and converts that into a solid.
| | 06:34 | I'm going to orbit this
around a little bit more.
| | 06:38 | Let's go back to our Layer Manager,
and I'm going to turn on this layer
| | 06:41 | called surface_revolve.
| | 06:45 | If I zoom in, we can see I've
got some circles drawn here.
| | 06:48 | I'm going to use these to
produce the tread in my tire.
| | 06:51 | So let's back up a little bit.
| | 06:53 | I'm going to revolve these
circles around the outside.
| | 06:56 | So let's launch the Revolve command.
| | 06:58 | Now I want this to be a solid.
| | 07:00 | So I'm going to right-click and select Mode.
| | 07:03 | Let's guarantee that we're creating solids.
| | 07:06 | I'll make a window selection
around my circles and hit Enter.
| | 07:09 | Then I will select the endpoint here
for the first point on my axis,
| | 07:16 | the endpoint here for the second point, pull
these around, and I'll enter an angle of 360.
| | 07:25 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 07:26 | Now, this is pretty good, but I'd like
to subtract these guys from the tire to
| | 07:30 | create the indented shape of the tread.
| | 07:33 | So I'm going to go to the Solid tab,
and in the Boolean panel I'm going
| | 07:37 | to select Subtract.
| | 07:39 | I will select the overall
tire object and hit Enter.
| | 07:43 | Then I will select each small tread object
that I would like to subtract and hit Enter.
| | 07:50 | There we go. As you can see,
that volume was removed from my solid.
| | 07:53 | I'm going to orbit this
back around a little bit.
| | 07:58 | We'll center it on screen.
| | 08:01 | Let's go back to the Layer Manager and
I'm going to turn on all of my wheel layers.
| | 08:06 | I'm going to turn off the surface layers,
because they only contain 2D geometry. There we go.
| | 08:12 | The last thing I want to do is set
my UCS back to its original position.
| | 08:15 | I can do that by clicking the small
menu under the ViewCube and selecting WCS
| | 08:20 | for World Coordinate System.
| | 08:22 | Now that our geometry is
finished, let's save it.
| | 08:25 | I'm going to go the
application menu and click Save As.
| | 08:29 | We're going to save this drawing
inside the exercise files folder, inside the
| | 08:33 | finished_parts directory.
| | 08:35 | I'm going to call this 03_wheel_finished.
| | 08:40 | I'll click Save.
| | 08:44 | This completes the geometry of our wheel.
| | 08:46 | In this lesson, we learned that if we
revolve, extrude, sweep or loft closed
| | 08:51 | geometry, we can control whether we
want to create a solid or a surface.
| | 08:55 | We also learned that a group of
surfaces that produce a closed volume can be
| | 08:59 | converted into a solid
using the Surface Sculpt tool.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Producing a smooth blend between surfaces| 00:00 | In this lesson were going to
create the rear bracket for our wagon.
| | 00:04 | While creating this part, we will learn
how to produce a smooth transition from
| | 00:07 | one surface to another.
| | 00:09 | And we will also see that we can trim our
surfaces using two-dimensional line work.
| | 00:13 | On my screen I have got some polylines.
| | 00:16 | I'm going to orbit my drawing a little bit,
so you can see their context in 3D space.
| | 00:21 | Generally speaking, I've drawn the
lower edge and the upper edge of my bracket.
| | 00:25 | I am going to start out by
extruding this lower edge up.
| | 00:29 | So I'm going to launch the Extrude command.
| | 00:31 | I will select the edge and hit Enter,
and then I'll pull this guy up 8 units.
| | 00:38 | Let's zoom in on the top, up here I've
got a closed polyline, and I would like
| | 00:43 | to create a flat surface based on this geometry.
| | 00:47 | To do that I'm going to come back
to Create panel, and I'll launch the
| | 00:50 | Planar Surface tool.
| | 00:52 | This allows us to create a flat surface
based on points that we click on screen,
| | 00:57 | or by selecting an existing object.
| | 00:59 | Since I have an existing object, I'm going
to right-click, and select Object from the menu.
| | 01:04 | I will then select my closed
polyline, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:08 | This surface will now
represent the top of my bracket.
| | 01:11 | At this point I don't need my polylines
anymore, so I'm going to turn that layer off.
| | 01:15 | I am going to open up the
Layer Properties Manager.
| | 01:19 | Mine happens to be anchored to the
interface. If yours is not, you can always
| | 01:22 | type LA and hit Enter to turn it on.
| | 01:24 | I am going to turn off
the Surface Section layer.
| | 01:28 | I'll let the palette collapse, and at
this point I would like to create a nice
| | 01:34 | smooth surface transition from the edge
of this surface to the edge of this one.
| | 01:39 | To do that, I am going to use the Blend tool.
| | 01:42 | We can find Blend in the
Create panel on the ribbon.
| | 01:44 | I am going to click to launch the command,
and then I will select my first set of edges.
| | 01:51 | I'll grab the three edges at the edge
of this surface, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:55 | Now I will select the second set of edges.
| | 01:58 | I'll grab this one and this one and this one.
| | 02:02 | Generally speaking, I am just was
going to work my way around this object.
| | 02:05 | Now I don't want all of them.
| | 02:08 | I basically want to get these two sides.
| | 02:10 | When I am finished selecting, I'll
hit Enter, and AutoCAD creates a nice
| | 02:14 | transition between those two surface edges.
| | 02:17 | Technically we are not done.
| | 02:18 | We are in a Preview mode right now.
| | 02:20 | We can still just the shape of this
transition by modifying these settings.
| | 02:25 | We have CONtinuity and Bulge magnitude.
| | 02:27 | CONtinuity measures how smoothly
our surfaces flow into each other.
| | 02:32 | Let's adjust that setting first.
| | 02:34 | I'm going to click to select.
Basically we have three options, G0, G1 and G2.
| | 02:40 | G0 represents no smoothing.
| | 02:42 | Basically it's an angular
transition between the surfaces.
| | 02:46 | G1 applies some smoothing and G2
applies the highest amount of smoothing.
| | 02:50 | Now one thing to know. When we adjust our
CONtinuity, we will be adjusting it twice.
| | 02:55 | Once for the first edge, which is
located right here, and then we will have to
| | 02:59 | set it again for the second edge up here.
| | 03:01 | I am going to select G0 first. Then
I'll select it again for the second edge,
| | 03:07 | and notice the difference.
| | 03:08 | My surface transition is very angular.
| | 03:11 | Let's go back to CONtinuity.
| | 03:12 | This time I am going to set each edge to G2,
to get the maximum amount of smoothness.
| | 03:18 | And you can see the difference.
| | 03:20 | Let's talk about Bulge magnitude.
| | 03:22 | This sets the roundness of the
blend where the surfaces meet.
| | 03:26 | And just like CONtinuity,
we will have to set this twice.
| | 03:29 | By default out Bulge magnitude is
set to .5, and acceptable values are
| | 03:34 | anything from zero to one.
| | 03:36 | I'd like to have a pretty large curve
in my transition from my first edge, so
| | 03:40 | I'm going to set my Bulge
magnitude to 1 and hit Enter.
| | 03:44 | And then I would like to have a
nice tight radius on this upper edge.
| | 03:48 | So I'm going to set the
second Bulge magnitude to .2.
| | 03:53 | And you can see the result on screen.
| | 03:55 | Once you've dialed up your blend such
that it looks exactly the way you want it,
| | 03:58 | you can hit the Enter key to accept.
| | 04:01 | Now at any point in the future, if
you want to come back and change these
| | 04:04 | settings, you can simply select this
surface and notice we get a pair of grips.
| | 04:09 | Generally speaking, we have
one grip that controls each edge.
| | 04:12 | I am going to select this one.
| | 04:14 | From here I can change my CONtinuity.
| | 04:17 | I'm going to set this to G1,
so we can see the difference.
| | 04:20 | I will then select this grip,
and I'll set this one to G1.
| | 04:24 | When I am finished I'll hit
my Escape key to deselect.
| | 04:27 | You may be wondering how can we
change our Bulge magnitude after the fact.
| | 04:31 | Once again select the surface, and if
you hit Ctrl+1 to bring up your Property
| | 04:36 | Changer, right down here in the
Geometry Settings, you'll find your start and
| | 04:42 | end Bulge Magnitude.
| | 04:43 | Notice we can also change our
continuities from here as well.
| | 04:46 | I am going to leave these settings the
way they are, so I will close my Property
| | 04:50 | Changer and then I'll hit
Escape to deselect my surface.
| | 04:54 | Let's try something else.
| | 04:55 | I'd like to go to our right side view,
so I am going to click the right side
| | 04:58 | hot spot on my ViewCube.
| | 05:01 | And then I'm going to zoom in
on the lower end of my bracket.
| | 05:03 | Then I'll go back to the Layer
Properties Manager and I am going to turn on a
| | 05:07 | layer called Surface_Trim.
| | 05:10 | On this layer I've drawn some geometry
that I would like to use to trim this surface.
| | 05:15 | In AutoCAD 2011, surfaces can now be trimmed.
| | 05:18 | To trim this surface I'm going to come up to
the Edit panel and launch the Trim command.
| | 05:23 | I will then select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 05:25 | I'll then select my cutting edge and hit Enter.
| | 05:28 | And then I'll click to
select the area I'd like to trim.
| | 05:32 | When I am finished, I'll hit Enter.
| | 05:34 | Let's turn on another layer.
| | 05:36 | Once again we'll go back
to Layer Properties Manager.
| | 05:39 | This time I am going to
turn on the Surface_Hole layer.
| | 05:42 | Let's use the Trim command to
drill a hole in our surface.
| | 05:46 | Once again I'll launch Trim.
| | 05:47 | I'll select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 05:49 | I'll select my cutting edge and hit Enter,
and then I'll click the area I'd like to trim.
| | 05:55 | When I am finished, I'll hit Enter.
| | 05:57 | Now I have one more hole I'd like to put in
this bracket and that's up on the top edge.
| | 06:01 | So I am going to come over to the
ViewCube and I'll click this small triangle to
| | 06:05 | switch to a top view.
| | 06:08 | Let's zoom in on the top of the bracket,
and once again, we will use the Trim
| | 06:12 | command to remove this hole.
| | 06:15 | Trim, I'll select my surface, and hit
Enter, cutting edge, Enter, and then I'll
| | 06:21 | click to remove the surface.
| | 06:23 | I am going to zoom out a little bit.
| | 06:26 | Let's adjust our view in 3D space.
| | 06:28 | Now that our part is finished, I'm
going to turn off some unnecessary layers.
| | 06:32 | Let's go back to the Layer Manager.
| | 06:35 | I'll turnoff all of these layers that
start with surface, and finally let's save
| | 06:39 | this part so we can use it
later in our finished assembly.
| | 06:43 | I'll go to the application
menu. I'll click Save As.
| | 06:47 | Let's go to the Exercise Files folder.
| | 06:49 | We will open up the Finished_Parts
directory and I'm going to save this as
| | 06:54 | rearBrackets_finished.
| | 06:59 | This completes the
geometry for the rear bracket.
| | 07:02 | In this lesson we learned how to
use the Blend tool to create a smooth
| | 07:05 | transition from one surface to another.
| | 07:07 | We also learned that we can control
the appearance of the transition using
| | 07:11 | settings that adjust the
continuity and Bulge magnitude.
| | 07:14 | Finally, we learned that our surface
objects can be easily trimmed using
| | 07:18 | two-dimensional line work.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Trimming and extending surfaces| 00:00 | In this lesson we're going to create
the front axle plate for our wagon, and
| | 00:04 | while modeling the part we're going to learn
how we can use one surface to trim another.
| | 00:08 | We'll also learn that surfaces cannot only
be trimmed, they can be extended as well.
| | 00:12 | On my screen, I have some polyline
geometry, I am going to orbit my view, such
| | 00:17 | that you can see its orientation in 3D space.
| | 00:21 | Pretty much what I've done is created
the front-view cross-section and the
| | 00:25 | top-view cross-section of my axle plate.
| | 00:29 | Let's return the view to about where we
started, and I'm going to begin my model
| | 00:34 | by extruding this polyline.
| | 00:38 | So I'll launch the Extrude command,
I'll select my geometry and hit Enter, and
| | 00:42 | I'm going to pull this up a
distance of 5 units and I will hit Enter.
| | 00:47 | Next, I'll re-launch the Extrude command,
I'll select these two sections and hit
| | 00:52 | Enter, and I'll pull
these back a distance of 14.
| | 00:55 | Now as I orbit my geometry, you can see
I have multiple intersecting surfaces.
| | 01:04 | At this point, I'd like to use the Trim
command to clean up these surfaces and
| | 01:08 | create a composite surface model.
| | 01:11 | Let's launch the Trim command, and
then I am going to select the surfaces
| | 01:15 | that I'd like to trim.
| | 01:16 | That would be this one, this one,
and this one, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:21 | Now I'll select the surfaces I'd
like to use as cutting objects.
| | 01:25 | That would be this one,
this one, and this one, Enter.
| | 01:29 | Finally, I'll select the parts of
the model that I'd like to remove.
| | 01:33 | I'd like to remove the top here.
I'd like to remove the outside portion of this
| | 01:37 | surface, the outside portion of this
surface, and the lower portion of this
| | 01:42 | surface, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:44 | Let's zoom in a little bit.
| | 01:45 | I'll orbit this around.
| | 01:47 | Notice by trimming those intersecting
surfaces, I can very easily create a
| | 01:52 | more complex shape.
| | 01:53 | Now I am going to tip this up again,
because I would like to remove this
| | 01:59 | surface on the bottom.
| | 02:00 | I actually don't need this because the
front axle plate is going to be stamped
| | 02:04 | out of a piece of sheet metal.
| | 02:06 | So this bottom surface is unnecessary.
| | 02:08 | To remove it, I'm going to select it
and then I will hit the Delete key on my
| | 02:12 | keyboard, and notice what happens.
My extruded surface comes back.
| | 02:17 | That's because of the
Surface Associativity setting.
| | 02:21 | This extruded surface was tied to this
lower surface that passed through it.
| | 02:26 | When I remove the lower surface, my
extruded surface had no place else to go,
| | 02:30 | but back where he started.
| | 02:32 | Keep that in mind, when you're working
with Surface Associativity turned on.
| | 02:35 | Now I want to keep my Surface
Associativity so I am going to work around this.
| | 02:40 | I am going to orbit this back down a little bit.
| | 02:44 | Let's go to a front view. I'll zoom in
and I'm going to trim this lower half off
| | 02:49 | using this 2D line work.
| | 02:53 | I'll launch the Trim command, I'll
select my surface and hit Enter, and we'll
| | 02:57 | then select this geometry and hit Enter.
| | 03:00 | Finally, I'll select the part of the
surface I want to remove and I will
| | 03:04 | hit Enter, there we go.
| | 03:06 | Now I have exactly what I needed, and
all of my surfaces are still dynamically
| | 03:10 | linked to the geometry that created them.
| | 03:12 | Let's do a little layer maintenance.
I don't need my section geometry visible on
| | 03:19 | screen anymore, so I am going to open
up the Layer Properties Manager, and I am
| | 03:23 | going to turn off layer surface_section1.
| | 03:29 | Let's zoom in on this
front portion of the model.
| | 03:31 | I would like to change the shape of this area.
| | 03:34 | This is where the handle is going
to be bolted onto my axle plate.
| | 03:38 | Let's turn on another layer.
| | 03:39 | I will go back to the Layer
Properties Manager and we'll turn
| | 03:42 | on surface_section2.
| | 03:44 | If I back up a little bit you can see I
have drawn an arc in the top-view plane.
| | 03:52 | Let's come over and click the top-view
hot spot, so we can see where that arc is
| | 03:55 | in relation to our part.
| | 03:57 | Notice if that arc was projected straight up,
it would cut the front off of this surface.
| | 04:02 | Let's actually make that modification.
| | 04:04 | We'll do it by using the Trim command.
| | 04:06 | I am going to orbit this up,
so I can see both of my objects.
| | 04:11 | We'll launch Trim and I would like
to trim this top surface and this side
| | 04:16 | surface and I'll hit Enter, and we'll
then select my cutting edge and hit Enter,
| | 04:21 | and notice that AutoCAD projects that
geometry perpendicular to the drawing
| | 04:25 | plane, such that it passes through my surface.
| | 04:29 | I can then click this portion to trim my
top surface and I'll click this portion
| | 04:34 | to trim off the side
surface and I will hit Enter.
| | 04:36 | So if you are trimming a surface based
on 2D geometry, your trim is not based
| | 04:41 | on your point of view.
| | 04:42 | It's based on the drafting plane
in which your line work was created.
| | 04:46 | It will always be projected
perpendicular from that plane.
| | 04:49 | Let's zoom in a little bit closer on
this area. I would like to pull these
| | 04:53 | edges out and create some tabs,
such that I have a place to put the bolt
| | 04:57 | through to hold the handle.
| | 04:59 | Not only can we trim
surfaces, we can also extend them.
| | 05:03 | To extend a surface, I'm going to
move up to the Edit panel and launch the
| | 05:06 | Surface Extend command.
| | 05:09 | I will then select the edge of this
surface and hit Enter and I'll pull this out
| | 05:13 | a distance of .5.
| | 05:15 | Now if I hover over this you can see
that the surface that I created is an
| | 05:18 | independent surface. It's
actually not tied to the original.
| | 05:22 | That's the way things work by default.
We don't have to have it that way.
| | 05:26 | If we want our extension to be a part
of the original surface, let me show
| | 05:30 | you how we can do that.
| | 05:31 | I am going to launch the Extend
command again. I'll select this edge and hit
| | 05:36 | Enter and then I'll right
-click and select Modes.
| | 05:41 | From here I'll select Extend from
the menu and then I will change this
| | 05:44 | from Append to Merge.
| | 05:47 | Once again I'll enter a
distance of .5 and hit Enter.
| | 05:51 | The extension that I created is
a part of the original surface.
| | 05:55 | Let's switch to our right side view.
I'm going to click that hotspot on my
| | 05:59 | ViewCube. We'll zoom in on the same
area and we'll turn on another layer.
| | 06:05 | This time we'll turn on layer surface_trim.
| | 06:09 | This layer contains the geometry that I'd like
to use to trim these tabs that we just created.
| | 06:14 | Once again, we'll use the Trim command,
and remember we don't have to maintain
| | 06:18 | that right side view to get our trim.
| | 06:23 | I'll launch the command. I would like
to trim this tab and this one, Enter.
| | 06:28 | I would like to use this arc and this
circle is cutting objects, Enter, and then
| | 06:34 | I will click the areas that I'd like to
trim. When I'm finished I'll hit Enter.
| | 06:38 | Let's go back to our right side view.
| | 06:41 | We'll zoom in on the back portion of our
axel plate. I am going to turn on another layer.
| | 06:46 | Let's turn on surface_trim2 this time.
| | 06:50 | This layer contains the circle that
represents the hole where my axle is going
| | 06:54 | to pass through the plate.
| | 06:56 | Once again I am going to trim
this out using the Trim command.
| | 06:58 | Let's select our surface, Enter,
select our geometry, Enter, and then we'll
| | 07:05 | click to remove the hole.
| | 07:07 | Finally, I'll hit the
Enter key when I am finished.
| | 07:08 | If I orbit this around, you can see
the hole was punched through both sides.
| | 07:14 | Let me tip this up a little bit.
I have another hole on top.
| | 07:17 | I am going to click the top-view hot spot,
such that were oriented in that view.
| | 07:22 | There we go, let's launch Trim again.
| | 07:26 | I'll select the surface, Enter, the geometry,
Enter, and the part I want to remove, Enter.
| | 07:33 | Okay, let's back up.
| | 07:37 | We'll adjust our view on
screen and we'll zoom in.
| | 07:39 | I'd like to do a little
bit more layer maintenance.
| | 07:41 | Let's get rid of some of these
things that we don't need anymore.
| | 07:44 | We'll go back to the Layer Properties
Manager and I am going to turn off my
| | 07:48 | section2 layer, my surface_
trim, and my surface_trim2 layer.
| | 07:52 | Let's turn on surface_trim3
and return to our drawing.
| | 07:57 | Now if you've ever used a wagon before,
you know that the front axle plate has
| | 08:00 | to pivot so that the wagon can steer.
| | 08:03 | I would like to create a circular
recessed pivot area on top of this plate and
| | 08:08 | I'm going to do that by
revolving this circle around this axis.
| | 08:12 | So let's launch the Revolve command,
I'll select my circle and hit Enter, and
| | 08:17 | I'd like to define my axis of revolution
by this endpoint and this endpoint, and
| | 08:25 | my angle will be 360, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 08:28 | Now the revolution I just made is a surface.
| | 08:31 | Let's now create the recessed pivot
area by trimming this surface and this one.
| | 08:36 | I'll launch my Trim command and then
I'll select the surfaces I'd like to trim.
| | 08:41 | Both of these, I'll hit Enter,. I will
then select the surfaces I'd like to use
| | 08:45 | as cutting objects. Once
again, the same two surfaces.
| | 08:49 | Finally, I'll select the
portions I'd like to remove.
| | 08:52 | We'll remove the top of this doughnut
shape and then I'll remove this area right
| | 08:56 | between my score lines.
| | 08:59 | There we go, and that creates a nice
circular recessed area for my pivot.
| | 09:04 | Finally, we have one more thing.
We need to create our front axle.
| | 09:08 | Let's turn on another layer. This time
we'll turn on the solid_extrude layer.
| | 09:12 | Let me orbit this around.
We'll do it from the backside.
| | 09:19 | Also note that I'm still in the Trim command.
| | 09:22 | Let me hit Enter to exit that, there we go.
| | 09:24 | To create my axle I am going to extrude
this circle along this path, but I would
| | 09:29 | like my extrusion to be a solid.
| | 09:33 | So let's launch the Extrude command.
I will then right-click and select Mode and
| | 09:38 | I'm going to select Solid from the menu.
| | 09:41 | I'll then select my circle and hit Enter.
| | 09:45 | Now I don't want to create a straight
extrusion, so I'm going to right-click
| | 09:49 | and select Path from the menu and
I'll select my path to create the solid
| | 09:54 | geometry for my axle.
| | 09:56 | Finally, we'll orbit this
around. We'll center it on screen.
| | 10:02 | Let's turn off any of the layers
that we don't need. We don't need the
| | 10:05 | solid_extrude layer. We don't need the
surface_trim layer. I'm going to leave
| | 10:10 | wagon_front_axle turned on.
| | 10:12 | We'll save this geometry, so we can
use it later in our final assembly.
| | 10:16 | Let's go to the application menu and
I'll click Save As. We'll save this in the
| | 10:21 | exercise files folder inside
the finished_parts directory.
| | 10:26 | I'm going to call this frontAxle
_finished, and I'll click Save.
| | 10:33 | This completes the
geometry for the front axle plate.
| | 10:36 | In this lesson, we learned that trimming
intersecting surfaces is a great way to
| | 10:39 | create complex surface models.
| | 10:42 | We also learned that if we trim a
surface using 2D geometry, our cutting objects
| | 10:46 | are projected perpendicular from
the plane on which they were created.
| | 10:50 | Finally, we learned that surfaces
cannot only be trimmed, they can also be extended.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Projecting geometry onto a surface| 00:00 | In this lesson we're going to
create the rear axle brace for our wagon.
| | 00:04 | While working on this part, we're
going to learn how we can project geometry
| | 00:07 | onto a surface, and how we can use the
projections as a way to trim a surface.
| | 00:12 | On my screen I've got some polyline geometry.
| | 00:14 | Let me orbit this a little bit, so you
can see how it's oriented in 3D space.
| | 00:19 | Generally speaking what I have is the
cross-section for my brace and I have a
| | 00:24 | path that I'd like to use to
sweep this cross-section around.
| | 00:28 | So I'm going to launch the Sweep command.
| | 00:30 | I will then select my cross-section and
hit Enter, and then I'll select my sweep path,
| | 00:34 | and if I orbit this, we can see
that that one command was pretty much
| | 00:39 | enough to create the general shape of my part.
| | 00:42 | Let's zoom in a little bit,
and I'm going to turn on a layer.
| | 00:48 | So we'll go to the Layer
Properties Manager, and I'm going to turn on
| | 00:51 | the Surface_Hole layer.
| | 00:52 | On this layer I have some circles.
Eventually I'll be using these circles to
| | 00:58 | drill some holes in this part.
| | 01:00 | But before that I'd like to talk a
little bit about this Project Geometry panel.
| | 01:04 | We can use the tools in this panel to
project geometry onto the outside of our surface.
| | 01:09 | Notice there is a big Auto Trim
button that happens to be turned on.
| | 01:12 | I'm going to click this to turn it off
momentarily, and let's talk about these
| | 01:16 | three icons on the right side.
| | 01:17 | This controls how we project our geometry.
| | 01:21 | I can project my geometry
perpendicular to the current UCS.
| | 01:25 | I can project my geometry perpendicular
to my current view, or I can project my
| | 01:30 | geometry based on two points
that I click in my drawing.
| | 01:33 | Let's project these two circles onto my
surface in a direction perpendicular to the UCS.
| | 01:39 | I'll select the Surface Projection UCS icon.
| | 01:44 | I will then make a window around each
of these circles and hit Enter and then
| | 01:48 | I'll select my surface.
| | 01:50 | This tool also works with solids by the way.
| | 01:53 | If I zoom in, we can see the circles
have been projected down and I now have
| | 01:57 | some entities on the outside of my surface.
| | 01:59 | This command is different than Imprint.
| | 02:02 | If I make a window selection here, you
can see that AutoCAD has actually created
| | 02:05 | new line work on the outside of the surface.
| | 02:07 | I don't need these circles right now,
so I'm going to hit the Delete key on my
| | 02:11 | keyboard to erase them.
| | 02:14 | Let's adjust our view such that those
circles appear right on the edge of the surface.
| | 02:19 | Let's try another projection.
| | 02:21 | Although this time I'm
going to turn Auto Trim on.
| | 02:24 | We can use the Project Geometry tools as
a very powerful way to trim our models.
| | 02:29 | This time I'm going to project the
circles perpendicular from my current view.
| | 02:33 | I'm going to select the
Surface Projection View icon.
| | 02:39 | I'll make a window selection around
my circles and hit Enter, and then I'll
| | 02:42 | select my surface again.
| | 02:46 | As you can see those circles were
projected into the surface, and the surface
| | 02:50 | was trimmed based on the projection.
| | 02:52 | If I zoom in and make a window
selection, you can see that in addition to the
| | 02:56 | Trim we also have a copy
of the projected geometry.
| | 03:00 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 03:02 | This isn't the type of holes that I wanted to
put in this part, so I'm going to undo this.
| | 03:06 | I'm going to click the Undo flyout, and
we'll undo all the way back to the point
| | 03:10 | where we projected our geometry.
| | 03:13 | Now let's use the tool to
create the proper holes in the part.
| | 03:16 | I'd like to project these circles
perpendicular to the coordinate system and
| | 03:19 | also trim my surface.
| | 03:21 | Once again, I'm going to select
my Surface Projection UCS icon.
| | 03:24 | I'll select my circles and hit
Enter, and then I'll select my part.
| | 03:32 | Let's go to a right side view.
| | 03:33 | I happen to have a circle down here as well.
| | 03:36 | This represents the hole that
my axle is going to pass through.
| | 03:40 | Let's trim this geometry out using a projection.
| | 03:43 | This time I'm going to
trim based on my current view.
| | 03:47 | I'll select the circle and hit Enter,
and then I'll select my surface.
| | 03:51 | As I orbit this around, I can see
it was projected all the way through.
| | 03:58 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 03:59 | We'll center this on screen.
| | 04:00 | I'd like to do some layer maintenance.
| | 04:02 | Let's go to the Layer Properties
Manager, and I'm going to turn off some of
| | 04:07 | these layers that have
geometry that we don't need anymore.
| | 04:09 | I'm going to turn off the Surface_
Hole layer and the Surface_Section layer.
| | 04:14 | Let's turn on this layer called Solid_Extrude.
| | 04:18 | This circle represents the geometry
I'd like to use to create my axle.
| | 04:22 | I would like to create a solid
extrusion of this circle, 18.5 units long.
| | 04:28 | I'll start by launching the Extrude command.
| | 04:30 | If we will right-click and select Mode to
make sure I'm creating a solid extrusion.
| | 04:37 | I will then select my circle and hit
Enter and I'll pull this guy out, and
| | 04:43 | I'll enter a distance of 18.5.
Now that I'm finished, I'm going to go back to
| | 04:48 | Layer Properties Manager.
| | 04:50 | We'll turn off that Solid_Extrude
layer and our part is essentially finished.
| | 04:55 | We can now save this such that
it's ready for our final assembly.
| | 04:58 | I'm going to go to the
application menu and click Save As.
| | 05:04 | We'll place this inside the Exercise
Files folder, inside the Finished_Parts
| | 05:07 | directory, and I'm going to call this
rearAxle_finished, and I'll click Save.
| | 05:17 | This completes the
geometry for the rear axle brace.
| | 05:20 | In this lesson, we learned how we can
project line work onto a surface, and
| | 05:24 | how we can use the Projection tool as a
powerful means of trimming our surface models.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Filleting the edge between two surfaces| 00:00 | In this lesson, we're going to
create the axle mount for our wagon.
| | 00:03 | While constructing this part, we're
going to learn how we can fillet the edge
| | 00:07 | between two surfaces.
| | 00:09 | On my screen, I've got some geometry.
| | 00:11 | I'm going to orbit this a little bit,
so you can see its context in 3D space.
| | 00:15 | Thin line work represents the bottom
of my part and I'd like to start out by
| | 00:20 | revolving this polyline
around this vertical axis.
| | 00:25 | I'll launch the Revolve command.
| | 00:27 | I'll select my geometry and hit Enter,
and my axis of revolution will be defined
| | 00:31 | by this endpoint and this one.
| | 00:33 | Then I'll enter an angle of 360.
| | 00:39 | Next, I'm going to launch the Extrude
command and then I'll select my circle,
| | 00:44 | and hit Enter, and I'll
pull this up a height of 1.5.
| | 00:47 | Now, let's tip this up a little bit,
so we can see the bottom of the part.
| | 00:54 | I'd like to turn some of
this excess geometry off.
| | 00:56 | Let's go to the Layer Properties
Manager and I'm going to turn off this layer
| | 01:00 | called surface_path and then
we'll return to the drawing.
| | 01:04 | Let's create a fillet
between this surface and this one.
| | 01:08 | To do that, I'll move up to the
Edit panel and launch the Fillet tool.
| | 01:12 | I will then right-click, select Radius
from the menu, and then I can enter my radius.
| | 01:18 | I'm going to type 0.25 and hit Enter.
| | 01:21 | I can then select my first surface and my
second surface, and AutoCAD adds the fillet.
| | 01:26 | Now, the command is not finished.
I'm in a Preview mode right now.
| | 01:30 | If I like what I see, I can hit
Enter to accept it, or I can use these
| | 01:34 | options to make changes.
| | 01:36 | If I select Radius, I can enter
a new value, maybe 0.15 this time.
| | 01:42 | Also, if I like, I can select Trim
surfaces and I can determine if I want my
| | 01:46 | surfaces trimmed when my fillet is added.
| | 01:49 | In this case I do, so I'm
going to leave this set to Yes.
| | 01:53 | Finally, if we look over here,
I've got a direct manipulation grip.
| | 01:56 | If I click this, I can drag back and
forth and dynamically set my fillet on screen.
| | 02:02 | When I'm finished, I can hit
the Enter key on my keyboard.
| | 02:04 | Now this fillet is completely dynamic.
| | 02:07 | At any point in the future, if I want
to change its geometry, I can select the
| | 02:11 | surface, I can click this grip.
| | 02:14 | This gives me access to
the direct manipulation grip.
| | 02:18 | I can then select this and drag back
and forth to set a new fillet, or as
| | 02:23 | long as my surface is selected, I can
hit Ctrl+1 on my keyboard to bring up
| | 02:27 | the Property Changer.
| | 02:29 | Right here underneath the Geometry heading,
I can find my fillet radius right here.
| | 02:34 | I'm going to click in this field and
set this to 0.15 and I'll hit Enter.
| | 02:40 | Finally, I'll close my Property
Changer and I'll hit Escape to
| | 02:43 | deselect my geometry.
| | 02:45 | Now that the bottom of my part is
finished, let's turn this over a little bit.
| | 02:49 | I'm going to back up just slightly.
| | 02:51 | We'll center this on screen and
I'd like to turn on another layer.
| | 02:55 | Once again, we'll go to the Layer
Properties Manager. This time we'll turn on
| | 02:58 | the surface_section layer.
| | 03:02 | This geometry represents the top of my part.
| | 03:06 | Now this polyline on the
outside is a closed polyline.
| | 03:09 | I'd like to use this
polyline to define a flat surface.
| | 03:13 | So, I'm going to come up to the Create panel.
| | 03:16 | I'll click the Planar Surface tool.
| | 03:18 | I will then right-click and select Object
and I'll select this polyline and hit Enter.
| | 03:24 | Now, let's use the Trim command to
knockout these holes. I'll launch Trim.
| | 03:30 | I'll select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 03:33 | I will then make a window
selection around these outer circles.
| | 03:36 | Then I'll select the inner circle and hit Enter.
| | 03:42 | Finally, I'll click in all the
places that I want to remove my surface.
| | 03:50 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:52 | Now, here's an
interesting option related to Trim.
| | 03:55 | If you've trimmed the surface using
the Trim command, you can come back later
| | 03:58 | and un-trim the surface. Watch this!
| | 04:01 | If I come up to the Edit panel,
I can click the Surface Untrim tool.
| | 04:07 | I can then select the edge of a trimmed
surface and hit Enter, and AutoCAD puts
| | 04:11 | the surface right back.
| | 04:13 | Now, I don't want to do this.
| | 04:14 | So, I'm going to move up and click
Undo to remove that surface again.
| | 04:18 | I'm going to go back to the Layer
Properties Manager, because I'm finished with
| | 04:21 | the surface_section layer.
| | 04:23 | Let's turn this off and
return to the drawing.
| | 04:27 | I'm going to tip this up a little bit
and at this point, I would like to create
| | 04:31 | a blended surface from
this edge to this inside edge.
| | 04:36 | I'll launch the Blend command.
| | 04:38 | I'll select this surface edge and hit Enter.
| | 04:41 | Then I'll move up and select
this surface edge and hit Enter.
| | 04:45 | As far as my blend is concerned,
I'm going to accept the defaults.
| | 04:49 | If we go to CONtinuity, I can
see these both default to G1.
| | 04:53 | As far as Bulge magnitude,
these are both defaulting to 0.5.
| | 04:56 | I'm going to hit Enter to accept
both of these, and then I'll hit Enter
| | 05:00 | to accept my blend.
| | 05:02 | That looks pretty good!
| | 05:04 | I'm going to go with top view.
| | 05:07 | Let's turn on one more layer.
| | 05:09 | This time we're going to
turn on the surface_trim layer.
| | 05:13 | I would like to use this
geometry to trim my surfaces.
| | 05:17 | Once again, I'll launch the Trim command and
I'll select this surface and this one, Enter.
| | 05:24 | I will then select the objects I'd like
to use as cutting edges and hit Enter.
| | 05:30 | I will then select the parts of
the surfaces that I'd like to trim.
| | 05:42 | When I'm finished, I'll hit my Enter key.
| | 05:45 | There we go.
| | 05:46 | Let's tip this up and center it on screen.
| | 05:50 | We'll go back to the Layer Properties
Manager and I'll turn off the layers that
| | 05:53 | I don't need to see.
| | 05:55 | Let's turn off the surface_trim layer.
| | 05:58 | We'll leave wagon_axle_mount turned on.
| | 06:01 | Now that the part is essentially
finished, let's save it so we can use it in
| | 06:04 | our final assembly.
| | 06:05 | I'm going to click the
application menu and select Save As.
| | 06:09 | We'll save this inside the
Exercise Files folder inside the
| | 06:13 | finished_parts directory.
| | 06:16 | I'm going to call this
axleMount_finished and I'll click Save.
| | 06:25 | This completes the geometry for the axle mount.
| | 06:28 | In this lesson, we learned that it
was possible to fillet the edge between
| | 06:31 | two surfaces, and that the fillet is
dynamic and can be easily modified if
| | 06:35 | our design changes.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Creating offset and network surfaces| 00:00 | In this lesson we're going to
create a handle for our wagon.
| | 00:03 | While constructing this part, we're
going to learn how to create a new surface
| | 00:06 | by offsetting an existing one.
| | 00:09 | And we'll also learn how to create
a surface using a network of curves.
| | 00:12 | On my screen I've some geometry.
| | 00:14 | I'm going to orbit my drawing a little
bit so that you can see how this geometry
| | 00:19 | is oriented in 3D space.
| | 00:22 | Generally speaking, I've drawn the
bottom front edge of the handle, and I've
| | 00:26 | created some line work here that
represents the shape of the top of the handle.
| | 00:31 | I'm going to start by
launching the Extrude command.
| | 00:34 | I'll select this edge and hit Enter and I'm
going to extrude this back a distance of 1.
| | 00:41 | Let's orbit this around.
| | 00:42 | Now I'd like to represent the thickness
of the handle. To do that I'm going to
| | 00:47 | offset this surface.
| | 00:49 | To offset a surface we're going to come up
to the Create panel, launch the Offset tool.
| | 00:54 | I will then select my surface and hit
Enter, and take a look at these arrows.
| | 00:59 | These are showing us the
direction of the offset.
| | 01:02 | Currently these are incorrect.
| | 01:03 | I'd like to make my offset to the inside.
| | 01:06 | To get access to the Offset
Settings, I'm going to right-click.
| | 01:10 | My settings are right here.
| | 01:11 | I can use the Flip direction option
to change the direction of my offset.
| | 01:16 | As long as we are here, notice this.
| | 01:18 | If I wanted to, I could create an
offset to both sides, or I could offset this
| | 01:23 | surface and create a solid object,
much like using the Thicken command.
| | 01:27 | I'm going to select Flip direction,
and then I'll enter the distance of my
| | 01:31 | offset, 0.17, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:36 | If I tip this up, you can
easily see my new offset surface.
| | 01:40 | Now these are little hard to tell
apart, since they're the same color.
| | 01:43 | So I'm going to select my new surface
and hit Ctrl+1 on my keyboard to bring
| | 01:48 | up the Property Changer, and in the Color
area here, I'm going to set his color to red.
| | 01:54 | When I'm finished, I'll close the Property
Changer and I'll hit Escape to deselect.
| | 01:59 | Let's zoom in on the surfaces.
| | 02:00 | At this point I don't need my section
lines anymore, so I'm going to go to
| | 02:04 | Layer Properties Manager.
| | 02:06 | Let's turn off this layer called Surface_
Section and we'll return to the drawing.
| | 02:11 | The next thing I'd like to do is close
up the edges between these surfaces.
| | 02:15 | To do that I'm going to use the Blend tool.
| | 02:19 | I'll launch Blend and then I'll select the
edges on this red surface, and hit Enter.
| | 02:27 | I will then select the edges on the
white surface and hit Enter, and I would
| | 02:33 | like my blend to have nice square corners.
| | 02:35 | So I'm going to click CONtinuity,
and I'll set both of my edges to G0.
| | 02:41 | When I'm finished, I'll hit Enter.
| | 02:44 | Let's orbit this around.
| | 02:45 | We'll close up the other side.
| | 02:48 | Once again, I'll launch Blend.
| | 02:49 | I'll select the edges of
my surface and hit Enter.
| | 02:56 | I will then select the edges of
the other surface and hit Enter.
| | 03:03 | And I will set the
CONtinuity of both edges to G0.
| | 03:07 | When I'm finished I'll hit Enter.
| | 03:10 | We'll orbit this back around.
| | 03:12 | Let's backup a little bit.
| | 03:14 | Now let's look at this geometry.
| | 03:16 | I've created these curves to define
the shape of the top of the handle.
| | 03:20 | Let me orbit this a little bit.
| | 03:22 | This curved geometry was created
using elliptical arcs and splines.
| | 03:27 | To use this geometry to define a
surface, I'm going to use the Network tool.
| | 03:32 | Network can be found in the
Create panel of our ribbon.
| | 03:35 | I'll launch the command.
| | 03:36 | I'm going to orbit this so
these are a little easier to select.
| | 03:41 | And what we do is select our curves
going in one direction first and hit
| | 03:48 | Enter, and then select the curves running in
the other direction. When finished hit Enter.
| | 03:55 | Using the Network tool is a lot like
using the Loft command, except we are
| | 03:59 | selecting sections running in two directions.
| | 04:03 | Let's zoom in a little.
| | 04:05 | I'm going to open up the
Layer Properties Manager.
| | 04:08 | Let's turn off this layer called Surface
_NetworkTOP and we'll turn on the layer
| | 04:12 | called Surface_NetworkBOT this time.
| | 04:15 | On this layer, I have geometry that
represents the shape of the bottom half of the handle.
| | 04:21 | Once again, I'm going to
launch the Network tool.
| | 04:24 | I'll select my curves in the
first direction, and I'll hit Enter.
| | 04:35 | Now I'd like to select the
curves running in the other direction.
| | 04:39 | Before I select my curves running in
the other direction, I would like to use
| | 04:42 | the edge of this first surface as a curve.
| | 04:46 | When we create a surface using the
Network tool, our curves can be simple line work,
| | 04:50 | like what I've been selecting.
| | 04:52 | We can also use the edge of an existing
surface or the edge of an existing solid object.
| | 04:58 | To use the edge of this surface as a
curve, I'm going to hold my Ctrl key
| | 05:02 | and click to select it.
| | 05:04 | I'll then release the Ctrl key.
| | 05:06 | I'll select the spline, and then I'll
hold my Ctrl key and I'll select this edge.
| | 05:12 | When I'm finished I'll hit Enter.
| | 05:14 | And as I orbit this around you can see
that I've created a network surface that
| | 05:18 | ties perfectly to our original network surface.
| | 05:21 | Let's go back to Layer Properties
Manager and I'm going to turn off the layer
| | 05:25 | called Surface_NetworkBOT and
we'll return to the drawing.
| | 05:29 | Now let's tie these two objects together.
To do that I'm going to use the Blend tool.
| | 05:36 | I'll launch Blend.
| | 05:37 | I'll select these two edges and hit Enter.
| | 05:41 | Let's orbit this down, and I'll
select these four edges and hit Enter.
| | 05:48 | Now while I'm still in Preview mode,
I'm going to orbit this around.
| | 05:51 | Notice that it doesn't look the best.
| | 05:53 | I've got a large bulge on the side.
| | 05:55 | I'm going to select CONtinuity and I'd
like my first edge continuity, which is
| | 06:00 | the edge up here, to be G0 and I'll set
the CONtinuity for the second edge to be G2.
| | 06:07 | When I'm finished I'll hit Enter. There we go.
| | 06:11 | That's a much nicer transition.
| | 06:13 | Let's do the other side.
| | 06:16 | Once again, I'll launch the Blend tool.
| | 06:18 | I'll select these two edges and hit Enter.
| | 06:22 | We'll orbit this up, and I will
select these edges and hit Enter.
| | 06:29 | Just like before, I'll go to
CONtinuity and I'll set my first edge to G0 and
| | 06:33 | the second edge to G2 and I'll hit Enter.
| | 06:40 | Now we probably don't have to
have this surface stay red anymore.
| | 06:44 | I'm going to click to select it.
| | 06:45 | I'll hit Ctrl+1 to bring the Property
Changer back and I'll change its Color
| | 06:50 | property back to ByLayer.
| | 06:52 | When I'm finished, I'll close the
Property Changer and I'll hit Escape to deselect.
| | 06:56 | We have one more thing we have to do.
| | 06:58 | we have to create the handle extension.
| | 07:00 | Let's go back to the Layer Properties
Manager, and we'll turn on one more layer.
| | 07:04 | Let's turn on the Solid_Extrude layer.
| | 07:06 | I'll tip this up a little bit.
| | 07:11 | We can see this circle and this path.
| | 07:13 | This represents the geometry I'd like
to use to create the handle extension.
| | 07:17 | I'd like this to be a solid extrusion.
| | 07:20 | So I'm going to zoom back in.
| | 07:24 | I'll launch the Extrude command and
then I'll right-click and select Mode and
| | 07:29 | then I'll select Solid from the menu.
| | 07:33 | I'll select my circle.
| | 07:34 | Now even though it didn't highlight
on screen, I can see in the command
| | 07:37 | line that it was found.
| | 07:39 | I'll hit Enter and I don't want this
to be a straight extrusion so I'm going
| | 07:43 | to right-click and select Path,
and I'll select this path.
| | 07:49 | Let's back up and take a look.
| | 07:51 | That looks all right.
| | 07:54 | I'm going to zoom back in on the handle.
| | 07:57 | We'll center that on screen.
| | 07:59 | Finally, we'll go back to
Layer Properties Manager.
| | 08:01 | We'll turn off the Solid_Extrude layer,
and then we'll save this part so we can
| | 08:07 | use it later in our final assembly.
| | 08:10 | I'm going to click the application menu.
| | 08:12 | We'll click Save As.
| | 08:13 | We're going to save this in the
Exercise Files folder inside the Finished_Parts
| | 08:17 | directory and I'm going to
call this 08_Handle_Finished.
| | 08:25 | This completes the geometry for the handle.
| | 08:27 | In this lesson we learned that it's
possible to offset surface objects.
| | 08:31 | We can offset them to either
side or both sides if we want.
| | 08:35 | We also learned that a surface can
be created using a network of curves.
| | 08:39 | These curves can include line work,
the edges of other surfaces, or even the
| | 08:42 | edges of solid objects.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Pushing and pulling surfaces into freeform shapes| 00:00 | In this lesson, we are going to create
the socket that connects the handle of
| | 00:03 | our wagon to the front axle plate.
| | 00:06 | While creating the part, we are going
to learn what NURBS surfaces are and how
| | 00:10 | we can press and pull
them into free form shapes.
| | 00:12 | We will also take a closer look at how
to use the Patch tool as a means to close
| | 00:17 | a hole or cap a surface.
| | 00:19 | There are two types of surfaces in AutoCAD:
| | 00:21 | procedural surfaces, these are the
associative type surfaces we have been
| | 00:25 | creating so far, and NURBS surfaces.
| | 00:28 | NURB stands for Nonuniform Rational B-
Spline and a NURBS surface is what you
| | 00:34 | would use to create an organic freeform shape.
| | 00:37 | To create a NURBS surface, I am going to
click the NURBS Creation toggle in my ribbon.
| | 00:43 | As long as this toggle is turned on,
every surface that I create from this point
| | 00:47 | will be a NURBS surface.
| | 00:48 | I would like to start by
revolving this arc around this cyan axis.
| | 00:53 | So I am going to launch the Revolve
command, I will select the arc and
| | 00:57 | hit Enter, and then I will select these two
endpoints to define my axis of revolution.
| | 01:03 | Finally, I will enter a
value of 360 and hit Enter.
| | 01:07 | Now, if I hover over this object,
we can see that's it a NURBS surface.
| | 01:11 | NURBS surfaces are non-associative.
| | 01:14 | Their shape is determined by
control vertices much like a spline.
| | 01:19 | By default, the control
vertices are not visible on screen.
| | 01:22 | If I want to turn on the control
vertices for this surface, I am going to click
| | 01:26 | the Show CV button in the ribbon.
| | 01:29 | I will then select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 01:31 | Let's back up a little bit,
and I will center this on screen.
| | 01:35 | Each of these control vertices
represents a handle that I can use to push and
| | 01:39 | pull this surface into whatever shape I like.
| | 01:43 | To make a change, I can click on a
vertex and then I will hover momentarily till
| | 01:48 | my Move gizmo snaps into position.
| | 01:50 | I can then select an axis.
| | 01:52 | In this case, I am going to select
the Z axis and as soon as I go to make a change,
| | 01:56 | AutoCAD brings up a warning.
| | 01:58 | It says, you know what, if you want to
edit these vertices, you are going to
| | 02:01 | have to rebuild the surface.
| | 02:03 | Notice that AutoCAD is requiring a
degree 3 in both the U and V directions.
| | 02:08 | But don't worry, this is
quite common. It happens a lot.
| | 02:12 | Let's click Close.
| | 02:13 | We will close up the warnings
and my part is still selected.
| | 02:17 | To rebuild this, I am going to go back
to the Control Vertices panel and I am
| | 02:21 | going to click the Surface Rebuild icon.
| | 02:24 | As you can see my surface had a degree
2 in the U and V direction. AutoCAD has
| | 02:29 | already fixed that for me.
| | 02:31 | Up here, I can set the number of
vertices that I'd like in the U and V direction.
| | 02:36 | I would like to use 5 vertices in the U
direction and 8 vertices in the V.
| | 02:41 | When I am finished entering values,
I will click OK, and notice the difference.
| | 02:45 | I am going to orbit this up just a
little bit and we can see one, two, three,
| | 02:53 | four, five vertices going left to
right and I have eight vertices going
| | 02:58 | around the outside.
| | 02:59 | I am going to tip this up just a little bit.
| | 03:02 | I would like to make a
change to this topmost vertex.
| | 03:06 | I am going to click to select this.
| | 03:09 | As soon as my move gizmo snaps into
position, I am going to select the Z axis
| | 03:13 | and I will pull this up a height of 2 units.
| | 03:17 | When I am finished, I
will hit Escape to deselect.
| | 03:20 | We can use that same workflow to
adjust any of these handles around the
| | 03:23 | outside of a surface.
| | 03:25 | If we like even more controls,
I can add or remove vertices if I like.
| | 03:30 | Notice in the Control Vertices panel,
there is a tool right here we can use to add.
| | 03:34 | We can use this one to remove vertices.
| | 03:38 | If we look right here in the Control
Vertices panel, I've got a tool that I can
| | 03:41 | use to add vertices, and one
that I can use to remove them.
| | 03:44 | I would like to demo the tool.
| | 03:47 | I am going to click Add vertices.
| | 03:49 | I will then select my surface and
notice that the tool's not working that well.
| | 03:53 | At the time of recording, AutoCAD has
a bug that's preventing this tool from
| | 03:57 | working like it should.
| | 03:59 | I am going to hit Escape to
cancel out of the command.
| | 04:02 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 04:04 | I am going to pan over.
| | 04:05 | Notice I have another surface over here.
| | 04:08 | If I select this surface and turn on
the control vertices, we can see it's
| | 04:12 | essentially the same thing.
| | 04:13 | I am going to select Add control vertices again.
| | 04:17 | I will select this surface and
notice that as I move my cursor around the
| | 04:21 | outside, I can add a new row of
control vertices wherever I like.
| | 04:25 | If I right-click, I can select Direction
and I can change the direction of my row.
| | 04:31 | Now I am going to turn off my running
object snaps so these don't get in the way,
| | 04:37 | and then I am going to click right
here to place my new row of vertices.
| | 04:41 | At this point, I can select any of them.
I will then select an axis on my gizmo
| | 04:46 | and I can pull or push this and
place the vertex wherever I like.
| | 04:51 | Once again, when I am
finished I will hit Escape.
| | 04:54 | Let's remove some vertices this time.
| | 04:55 | I am going to click the Remove tool.
| | 04:59 | Once again, I will select my surface.
| | 05:01 | As I go back and forth, I can select a
row of vertices that I would like to remove.
| | 05:06 | Let's remove the row that we just added.
| | 05:09 | To do that, I am going to
right-click, change my direction.
| | 05:13 | I will then move to that row and click
and those vertices have been taken away.
| | 05:18 | If we would like to make an even
more precise edit to our surface, we can
| | 05:22 | use the CV Edit Bar.
| | 05:25 | If I launch this command and select my
surface, as I move around the outside of
| | 05:29 | the part, I can see these two
red lines that form a cross.
| | 05:34 | I can use this cross to place a vertex
at any specific location that I like.
| | 05:38 | I am going to click right here.
| | 05:41 | Once again, I am going to select my Z
axis and I will pull this vertex up.
| | 05:45 | Notice there is another circular grip over here.
| | 05:48 | If I click this, I can
adjust the magnitude of my change.
| | 05:52 | Once again, I am going to click on
screen to set the magnitude and when I am
| | 05:55 | finished, I will hit the Escape key.
| | 05:57 | Why do those changes work
nicely here, but not over here?
| | 06:02 | It seems the farther our part is away
from the origin or the 0,0 coordinate,
| | 06:07 | the more difficult it is for these
commands to function and you may be asking why
| | 06:12 | didn't we just draw it
over at the other location.
| | 06:14 | Well, every part we have drawn so far
has been created at the location where
| | 06:18 | it's needed in the final assembly.
| | 06:21 | This way, when we assemble our components later,
each of them will drop in where they belong.
| | 06:26 | Now I do have a workaround.
| | 06:27 | If you happen to be working on a
surface that's a distance away from your
| | 06:31 | origin, and you want to add some vertices,
I am going to click to launch the command.
| | 06:35 | I will select the surface.
| | 06:38 | Notice it's not working but if I back up far
enough, all of a sudden it does start working.
| | 06:43 | I will zoom in a little bit, AutoCAD
gets scared and it stops. Zoom out and it
| | 06:47 | starts working again.
| | 06:50 | Now I don't want to add any more vertices,
so I am going to hit Escape to cancel.
| | 06:53 | I will zoom in a little bit.
| | 06:55 | Since I am finished working with the
vertices, I am going to turn them off.
| | 06:59 | I can do that by clicking the Hide CV
button and at this point, I would like to
| | 07:03 | close up the holes on either end of the surface.
| | 07:06 | To do that, we are going to use the Patch tool.
| | 07:08 | I will click the icon to launch the command.
| | 07:12 | I will then select this edge and hit Enter.
| | 07:16 | And notice that the Patch tool has
the same settings as the Blend tool.
| | 07:20 | We can adjust Continuity and Bulge Magnitude.
| | 07:23 | Now by default, my Continuity is
set to G0 so I am getting a nice flat
| | 07:28 | cover over this hole.
| | 07:30 | If I was to set this to G2, we can see
that AutoCAD creates a nice rounded cap
| | 07:36 | to cover the hole on that surface.
| | 07:38 | Now in this case, I am
interested in a flat patch.
| | 07:41 | So I am going to right-click,
set my Continuity to G0.
| | 07:46 | When I am finished, I will hit Enter.
| | 07:48 | Let's orbit this around.
| | 07:49 | We will do the other side.
| | 07:52 | I will launch the Patch command.
| | 07:53 | I will select this edge, and hit Enter, and
I will accept the default Continuity of G0.
| | 08:00 | Now notice as soon as I am finished
with this command, if I select this surface
| | 08:04 | later, there is no grip that I
can use to adjust the continuity.
| | 08:07 | Remember that NURBS
surfaces are not associative.
| | 08:10 | Once they have been created, the only way we
can edit them is by using is a control vertex.
| | 08:15 | I am going to hit Escape to deselect.
| | 08:17 | I'll orbit this back around.
| | 08:19 | I would like to drill some holes in this object.
| | 08:22 | I am thinking the easiest way to do that
would be to convert these surfaces into a solid.
| | 08:28 | So I am going to launch the Surface Sculpt
command and I will select my three surfaces.
| | 08:35 | Since these surfaces form a watertight
volume, as soon as I hit Enter, AutoCAD
| | 08:40 | converts this geometry into a solid.
| | 08:44 | Let's turn on a layer.
| | 08:45 | I am going to go to the Layer
Properties Manager. We will turn on the
| | 08:48 | solid_extrude layer and then
we will return to the drawing.
| | 08:53 | This geometry represents the holes
I would like to drill in this part.
| | 08:56 | I am going to be using the Extrude
command and since these will both be solid
| | 09:00 | extrusions, I am going to
set the Solid tab current.
| | 09:03 | I will start by launching Extrude,
I will select this circle, and hit Enter and
| | 09:09 | I am going to extrude him through
the part at distance of 3 units.
| | 09:13 | I will launch the Extrude command again,
and I will select this circle and hit
| | 09:18 | Enter and I am going to extrude
him down a distance of 3.4.
| | 09:24 | To remove their volume from the part,
I am going to launch the Subtract command.
| | 09:28 | I will select the socket and hit Enter,
and I will select the cylinders that
| | 09:33 | represent holes and hit Enter and as you
can see, their volume has been removed.
| | 09:40 | Now that I am finished with the
geometry, I am going to go back to the Layer
| | 09:43 | Properties Manager, I am going to
turn off this solid_extrude layer, and
| | 09:47 | the surface_ revolve layer because I
don't need to see that geometry anymore.
| | 09:51 | Let's go back to the drawing.
| | 09:53 | I am going to back up and I am going to
erase this extra surface so that there
| | 09:57 | is no confusion later.
| | 09:59 | To do that, I will select it and
hit the Delete key on my keyboard.
| | 10:05 | Finally, let's save this geometry so
we can use it in our final assembly.
| | 10:08 | I will click the application
menu and I will select Save As.
| | 10:12 | We will save this in the exercise
files folder inside the finished_parts
| | 10:16 | directory and I am going to call this
socket_finished and I will click Save.
| | 10:26 | This completes the geometry for the socket.
| | 10:29 | In this lesson, we learned that
AutoCAD produces two types of surfaces,
| | 10:32 | procedural and NURBS.
| | 10:34 | We learned that NURBS surfaces have
control vertices that can be used to press
| | 10:38 | and pull surfaces into freeform shapes.
| | 10:41 | We also learned that the Patch tool
can be used to close a hole or cap at the
| | 10:45 | end of a surface and it uses the same
Continuity and Bulge Magnitude setting
| | 10:50 | as the Blend command.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Analyzing surface continuity| 00:00 | In this lesson we're going to
create the wheel cap for our wagon.
| | 00:04 | After creating the part, we'll look at
some of the new Surface Analysis tools
| | 00:08 | that are available in AutoCAD 2011.
| | 00:10 | On my screen I have some polyline geometry.
| | 00:13 | I'm going to orbit my drawing a little bit,
so you can see its context in 3D space.
| | 00:19 | Generally speaking, I've drawn one
half of the cross section of my wheel cap,
| | 00:23 | and I've also drawn my axis of revolution.
| | 00:26 | I would like to revolve
this geometry around this axis.
| | 00:30 | Before I do that, I'm going to move
up and click the NURBS Creation toggle.
| | 00:34 | I want to turn that off, because I don't
want to create a NURBS surface right now.
| | 00:39 | Now that that's taken care of,
I'll launch the Revolve command.
| | 00:43 | I'll select my polyline and hit Enter.
| | 00:46 | I will then select this endpoint
and this endpoint to define my axis of
| | 00:49 | revolution, and I'll enter a value of 360.
| | 00:54 | Let's back up a little bit.
| | 00:55 | As I orbit this around, we can see that that
one revolution essentially finished my part.
| | 01:02 | Let's center this on screen, and I'm
going to turn off this section line work.
| | 01:06 | We don't need to see this any more.
| | 01:09 | So I'm going to open up the Layer
Properties Manager and we'll turn off this
| | 01:12 | layer called Surface_Section.
| | 01:15 | Let's take a look at the
new Surface Analysis tools.
| | 01:19 | We can find those in the
Analysis panel of our ribbon.
| | 01:22 | Now, mine happens to be
creeping off the side of my screen.
| | 01:25 | To make this a little bit easier to see,
I'm going to click-and-hold on this
| | 01:29 | panel name, and I'll drag this
out in the model space and release.
| | 01:33 | Surface Analysis is used to inspect
our surfaces using gradient colors and
| | 01:38 | patterns, such that we can easily identify
things like curvature, continuity and draft angles.
| | 01:44 | We have three types of analysis that
we can run, Zebra, Curvature and Draft.
| | 01:49 | Let's look at Zebra first.
| | 01:51 | I'll create my analysis
by launching the command.
| | 01:54 | I'll select my surface and I'll hit Enter.
| | 01:57 | The Zebra analysis projects these
parallel lines over the surface.
| | 02:01 | These lines allow us to analyze the
continuity or the transition between surfaces.
| | 02:06 | The sharper the difference in the lines,
the sharper the edges between surfaces.
| | 02:10 | Let me also mention that these analysis
tools only work when you're using a Visual Style.
| | 02:16 | They won't show up if you're
viewing your geometry in wireframe.
| | 02:20 | To turn off the analysis, I will
relaunch the command, right-click, and select
| | 02:25 | Turn off from the menu.
| | 02:27 | Let's do a curvature analysis.
| | 02:29 | To do that, I'll select
Curvature from the panel.
| | 02:32 | I'll select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 02:35 | The curvature analysis displays a
color gradient over the surface.
| | 02:39 | The gradient shows us the
high and low areas of curvature.
| | 02:42 | The areas of maximum curvature will
appear green, and areas that meet the
| | 02:46 | definition of minimum
curvature will appear blue.
| | 02:50 | Let's try a draft analysis.
| | 02:53 | I'll click the Draft icon.
| | 02:56 | I'll select my surface and hit Enter.
| | 02:58 | Notice I didn't have to turn off the
curvature analysis before I ran draft.
| | 03:03 | Essentially, one will replace the other.
| | 03:05 | The Draft analysis also
displays a gradient over the surface.
| | 03:09 | This tool is used to determine if a model
has adequate draft between a part and its mold.
| | 03:15 | The maximum draft angle will appear red,
and the minimum draft angle appears blue.
| | 03:20 | To turn off the analysis,
I'll click the Draft icon again.
| | 03:24 | Right-click and select Turn off from the menu.
| | 03:28 | I'm going to pan the drawing over a
little bit to give myself some room.
| | 03:32 | Let's look at some of the options that
are available for each analysis type.
| | 03:37 | I'll click Analysis Options from the panel.
| | 03:39 | This brings up my Analysis Options dialog box.
| | 03:43 | This dialog box contains three
tabs, one for each analysis method.
| | 03:47 | On the tab are settings I can use to
adjust the appearance of the analysis.
| | 03:52 | Each tab also has a button that I can
use to apply the analysis if necessary.
| | 03:57 | I'm going to click this icon and
then select my surface and hit Enter to
| | 04:01 | apply the Zebra analysis.
| | 04:03 | Now that it's active, I can use this
slider to change my stripe direction.
| | 04:09 | I can also adjust things like the
type of stripe, the size and the color.
| | 04:14 | Likewise, I can clear the
analysis by clicking this button.
| | 04:18 | Let's take a look at curvature.
| | 04:20 | I'll click the icon, and we'll
apply a curvature analysis again.
| | 04:24 | Under Color Mapping, I can change my
Display style from Gaussian to Mean, to
| | 04:29 | Maximum and Minimum radius.
| | 04:32 | I'm going to set this back to Gaussian.
| | 04:34 | The values that we see here
control my maximum curvature value and my
| | 04:38 | minimum curvature value.
| | 04:39 | Right now, anything that meets this
minimum curvature value will appear blue.
| | 04:43 | That's why there's no blue showing up
on my surface, because nothing meets that
| | 04:47 | minimum curvature value.
| | 04:49 | If I was to change this to something like 0.5,
now we can see blue showing up on my model.
| | 04:55 | Let's clear the analysis and
we'll take a look at draft angle.
| | 05:00 | Once again, I'll apply this
to my surface and hit Enter.
| | 05:03 | Under Color Mapping, I have two settings.
| | 05:05 | These control my maximum
and minimum draft angle.
| | 05:09 | As an example, I'm going to
change my maximum angle to 1.
| | 05:13 | Notice the change in the appearance,
and that AutoCAD adjusted this central
| | 05:17 | number to keep it halfway
between the angle settings.
| | 05:20 | Now that I'm finished, I'm going to
clear my analysis and I'll click OK to
| | 05:24 | close the dialog box.
| | 05:25 | Finally, I'll hover over this panel and
I'll click the icon in the upper right
| | 05:30 | corner to return it to my ribbon.
| | 05:33 | Let's center this on screen.
| | 05:35 | Since the part is finished, let's save it,
so we can use it later in our final assembly.
| | 05:40 | To save this drawing, I'll click the
application menu and select Save As.
| | 05:45 | We'll save this in the Exercise
Files folder inside the Finished_Parts
| | 05:49 | directory, and we'll call this
wheelCap_finished, and I'll click Save.
| | 05:56 | This completes the geometry for
our final component, the wheel cap.
| | 06:00 | In this lesson, we learned that AutoCAD
allows us to analyze our surface models
| | 06:04 | to identify surface continuity,
curvature and draft angles.
| | 06:09 | The Analysis tools can be turned on and
off whenever they're needed, and we can
| | 06:12 | customize many of their settings.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Assembling the composite model| 00:00 | Well the next stage in our project
involves putting all the parts together.
| | 00:04 | In this lesson, we are going to assemble
our components into one large composite model.
| | 00:09 | On my screen, I have drawing called
assembly.dwg and I've already set up
| | 00:13 | this drawing such that the
environment is ready to create the
| | 00:16 | photorealistic rendering.
| | 00:18 | In fact, if I pan this over a little
bit you can see some of the light sources
| | 00:21 | that I have added to this file.
| | 00:23 | So the environment is ready is go,
all we have to do is add the components.
| | 00:28 | To insert my first part, I am going to
click the Insert tab on the ribbon, then
| | 00:32 | I am going to come down to the
Block panel and click the Insert icon.
| | 00:36 | Since I am going to be inserting a
drawing, I'll click the Browse button and
| | 00:40 | then I am going to navigate
into the finished_parts directory.
| | 00:43 | This is where we saved all
of our finished components.
| | 00:45 | I am going to select the wagonBody first
and I'll click Open and then I am going
| | 00:51 | to make sure that all of
these settings are unchecked.
| | 00:55 | Each part that we created was
produced at the appropriate coordinates.
| | 00:58 | So none of these settings is necessary.
| | 01:01 | One box I do want to check is this Explode box.
| | 01:04 | This will ensure that the components
I bring in are individual surfaces and
| | 01:07 | solids and not blocks.
| | 01:09 | Blocks don't render.
| | 01:10 | So make sure this box is checked.
| | 01:14 | Let's click OK and when I do, you can see
my wagon body drops right into the drawing.
| | 01:20 | Let's insert our next
component. I'll click the Insert icon.
| | 01:24 | I'll select Browse.
| | 01:26 | This time, I'll select the wheel
assembly, I'll click Open and OK to drop
| | 01:30 | that into the drawing.
| | 01:32 | Let's go back to Insert > Browse.
| | 01:35 | This time I'll select the rearBracket.
| | 01:38 | I'll click Open and OK.
| | 01:42 | We'll use the exact same workflow
to insert the rest of the components.
| | 01:46 | This time I'll select the
frontAxle, and I'll click OK.
| | 01:52 | Let's go right back in, I'll click
Browse and I'll grab the rearAxle this time.
| | 01:56 | We'll drop that into the drawing.
| | 01:58 | Let's go into the folder one more time.
| | 02:03 | We'll select axleMount.
| | 02:05 | Let's click Open and OK.
| | 02:08 | Now some of the parts take a
little bit longer to insert than others.
| | 02:11 | Be patient, they will drop into the file.
| | 02:13 | I am going to go back to Insert.
| | 02:16 | Let's jump in again.
| | 02:18 | I'll grab the handle this time.
| | 02:19 | We've only got a couple of parts left.
| | 02:25 | This time, I'll grab the socket.
| | 02:26 | We'll place that in the file, and finally
we'll grab the last component the wheelCap.
| | 02:34 | Let's click Open and OK to place that.
| | 02:37 | Let's orbit the geometry a little bit.
| | 02:39 | It looks like everything came together nicely.
| | 02:43 | The assembly is obviously not finished.
| | 02:44 | I still have to add some
more wheels and another bracket.
| | 02:48 | To finish the assembly, I am going to
click the View tab on the ribbon, and then
| | 02:52 | I am going to open up this Visual
Style menu, and I'll select X-Ray.
| | 02:56 | This way we can see through our geometry.
| | 02:58 | Next I would like to go to a front
view so I am going to click the front view
| | 03:02 | hot spot on my View cube.
| | 03:04 | I will then zoom in on my assembly.
| | 03:08 | Using this front view will make it
much easier to select the wheel and the
| | 03:11 | wheel cap geometry.
| | 03:14 | I'll start my selection by clicking in
this lower left corner and then I'll pull
| | 03:19 | up and create a window
selection around the geometry.
| | 03:22 | I'll click to finish my selection.
| | 03:24 | Then I am going to go to the Home tab.
| | 03:27 | I'll launch the Copy command.
| | 03:30 | Let's orbit the drawing a little bit,
and I am going to zoom in and I'd like to
| | 03:36 | pick this geometry up from the
center of the end of this axle.
| | 03:39 | If you have any running object snap
set, it's important to turn those off.
| | 03:44 | I am going to come down
and turn mine off right now.
| | 03:47 | Whenever we're moving geometry in 3D
space, it's always best to grab the
| | 03:51 | object snaps manually.
| | 03:53 | That way we're certain of
the coordinate we are grabbing.
| | 03:56 | Now I'd like to pick this up
from the Shift+right-click.
| | 04:00 | I'll select Center, and I'll place my
cursor on the edge of the end of the axle here.
| | 04:05 | Let me click to grab that
coordinate and we'll then back up.
| | 04:10 | Let's orbit the drawing a little bit so
I have a better view of that other axle.
| | 04:15 | I'll zoom in, we'll get a little
bit closer, and I'll place this to the
| | 04:19 | Shift+right-click, Center, and I'll
place my cursor at the end of that axle.
| | 04:24 | You can see the object snap pop up.
| | 04:26 | Let me click right there to place the wheel.
| | 04:29 | When I am finished, I'll hit Escape.
| | 04:33 | Let's back up and we'll orbit this around.
| | 04:35 | That looks very good.
| | 04:37 | Now let's add the remaining wheels
and the rear bracket to the other side.
| | 04:41 | Once again I am going to go back to our front
view to make my selection easier. Let's zoom in.
| | 04:47 | I am going to zoom out just a touch.
| | 04:50 | We'll center this on screen.
| | 04:51 | I am going to make same window
selection around the wheel and the wheel cap.
| | 04:56 | Then I am going to click right here
and make a crossing selection such that I
| | 05:01 | can grab these two parts of that bracket.
| | 05:04 | Then I am going to zoom in a little bit
and I am going to click right here and
| | 05:08 | I am going to make a window selection
and try and grab that planar surface on
| | 05:12 | the top of the bracket.
| | 05:14 | Now that I am finished with my
selection, let's go to a top view.
| | 05:17 | I can click this small triangle on
the top of my ViewCube to get there.
| | 05:21 | And I am going to copy these
components using the Mirror command.
| | 05:25 | I can access Mirror by
opening up the Modify panel.
| | 05:28 | I'll select the tool right here, and
the first point on my mirror line will
| | 05:33 | Shift+right-click, I'll select the
midpoint of the back of the wagon and the
| | 05:38 | second point on my mirror line
will be Shift+right-click. I'll select
| | 05:43 | midpoint of this front edge.
| | 05:46 | And then I'll hit Enter because I don't want
to erase the source objects. Now let's zoom in.
| | 05:52 | It looks like we missed a piece.
| | 05:55 | Even though I thought we selected
that, it looks like we've missed it.
| | 05:58 | Now in the big scheme of things that
probably wouldn't show up in the rendering but
| | 06:01 | if we do want move that part over,
let me show you how we can do it.
| | 06:04 | Make sure your Selection Cycling is turned on.
| | 06:07 | I am going to click right here over
the top of that planar surface and I will
| | 06:12 | select it from the menu.
| | 06:14 | Now that that guy is
selected, let's do Mirror again.
| | 06:16 | I'll go right back into the Mirror command.
| | 06:19 | I'll Shift+right-click and select
the midpoint of the back, and I'll
| | 06:24 | Shift+right-click, select the
midpoint of the front, and when I am
| | 06:29 | finished, I'll hit Enter. There we go.
| | 06:34 | That looks much better.
| | 06:35 | Now since we are going to be taking a
picture of this geometry, let's pose it in
| | 06:40 | a more natural position.
| | 06:42 | To do that I am going to
go to our right side view.
| | 06:45 | Let's click that hotspot on the
ViewCube. Then I'll zoom in.
| | 06:50 | What I'd like to do is rotate this
handle and the extension back slightly.
| | 06:54 | To do that I am going to go to the View
tab on the ribbon and in the Coordinates
| | 06:59 | panel, I am going to open up this UCS
menu and I'll select a right side UCS.
| | 07:04 | Whenever we rotate geometry,
it rotates around the Z axis.
| | 07:07 | So my rotation will be much easier
having my UCS on this right side plane.
| | 07:12 | Let's go to the Home tab and
I'll launch the Rotate command.
| | 07:15 | I am going to make crossing window to select
the geometry of the handle and the extension.
| | 07:22 | And I'll zoom in and I'll make
crossing window to select the socket.
| | 07:26 | When I am finished selecting objects,
I'll right-click and I'd like to rotate
| | 07:30 | this geometry around the, Shift+right-
click, center point right here and as I
| | 07:37 | rotate this, I get a warning.
| | 07:38 | remember the surfaces that we
created were associative to geometry.
| | 07:42 | When I rotate this it's telling me its
going to lose the association. That's fine.
| | 07:46 | I am going click Continue and I am
going to enter a rotation angle of -11.
| | 07:56 | Let's back up a little bit and
take a look. That looks better.
| | 08:00 | While I am in this view, I am going to
open up the Layer panel and I am going
| | 08:06 | to click the Layer Lock tool, and then
I am going to select my axle_mount layer
| | 08:12 | such that layer is locked.
| | 08:13 | This geometry will no longer move.
| | 08:16 | I'd like to make one more
rotation before we're finished.
| | 08:19 | First let's put our UCS back where it was.
| | 08:22 | To do that I'll click the flyout
under the ViewCube and I'll select
| | 08:25 | World Coordinate System.
| | 08:27 | Then we'll go to a top view of our wagon.
| | 08:35 | Let's zoom in on this front geometry.
| | 08:36 | I'd like to rotate the axle and
the wheels on the front of the wagon.
| | 08:41 | To do that I'll launch the Rotate command.
| | 08:43 | I am going to make a nice big window selection.
| | 08:47 | This selects all of the geometry except
for the axle_mount because we locked that.
| | 08:52 | Now that I am done with my selection,
I'll right-click and I'd like to rotate
| | 08:56 | these entities from the center point.
| | 09:00 | Let's zoom in and I'll place my cursor
on any off these arcs to grab the center.
| | 09:05 | Once again, I get another warning that I am
going to lose associativity. That's fine.
| | 09:09 | I'll click Continue, and I am going
to rotate this geometry 26 degrees and
| | 09:15 | I'll hit Enter.
| | 09:24 | There we go.
| | 09:25 | Let's orbit this up and take a look.
| | 09:26 | That's looks much more natural.
| | 09:29 | Now that my assembly is complete and
it's more naturally positioned, let's
| | 09:35 | click the View flyout.
| | 09:36 | We'll select the Rendered View.
| | 09:39 | This gives us an idea of what the
final image is going to look like.
| | 09:42 | And just as a test, let's click the
Render tab and then we'll launch the Render
| | 09:47 | command by clicking the icon.
| | 09:49 | Now depending on the speed of your
computer, it may take a little while for your
| | 09:52 | rendering to get started because AutoCAD has
to calculate all of the shadows. There we go.
| | 09:58 | Now that my rendering is complete, I
have got a very idea of what my final image
| | 10:01 | is going to look like.
| | 10:02 | I am going to click the X to close
this render window and then I am going to
| | 10:07 | save this assembly because we are
going to use it later when we start
| | 10:10 | applying materials.
| | 10:12 | To do that, I am going to
click the application menu.
| | 10:14 | I'll click Save As.
| | 10:16 | Let's save this in the
exercise files folder inside the
| | 10:19 | finished_parts directory.
| | 10:20 | I am going to call this drawing
assembly_finished and I'll click Save.
| | 10:29 | Now that our final assembly is finished,
we are well on our way to creating a
| | 10:32 | photorealistic rendering.
| | 10:34 | Over the next few lessons, we'll
learn how to create and apply custom
| | 10:37 | materials to our model.
| | Collapse this transcript |
|
|
7. Working with Render MaterialsIntroducing the new Materials Browser| 00:00 | Choosing the right materials to use
for your rendering is always been time
| | 00:03 | consuming. It usually meant
flipping through multiple tool palettes and
| | 00:07 | manually searching through hundreds of
small samples to find exactly what you wanted.
| | 00:12 | In AutoCAD 2011, selecting render
materials has been made easy through the use
| | 00:17 | of a new Materials Browser.
| | 00:19 | This tool allows us to search for
materials, manage them, and apply them to the
| | 00:23 | objects in our drawing.
| | 00:25 | On my screen, I have a drawing of a
screwdriver and I would like to add
| | 00:29 | some realistic looking materials to this
drawing such that I can create a nice rendering.
| | 00:34 | To do that, I am going to
use the Materials Browser.
| | 00:36 | Let me mention first that I am
using the 3D Modeling workspace.
| | 00:41 | To find the Materials Browser, I am
going to click the Render tab on my ribbon.
| | 00:45 | Then I'll come down to the Materials
panel and click the Materials Browser icon.
| | 00:49 | Now we are going to be using this
browser frequently in this lesson, so I'd like
| | 00:54 | to dock this to the interface.
| | 00:57 | To do that I'll click and hold on this
vertical bar, I am going to drag this to
| | 01:01 | the right side of my
screen, and then I'll release.
| | 01:04 | Once the palette has been docked, I can
click and hold on this divider and I can
| | 01:08 | drag this left or right to make
the palette whatever width I like.
| | 01:14 | Let's do one more thing.
| | 01:15 | I am going to go back to the Home tab,
then I'll come down to the View panel and
| | 01:19 | I am going to open up my Saved View menu
and I am going to select Rendered view.
| | 01:25 | This allows us to see the saved rendered
view of our part on the left side of the screen.
| | 01:30 | The Materials Browser is where
we go shopping for materials.
| | 01:34 | This palette contains hundreds of
photorealistic materials and it's very easy to
| | 01:38 | navigate such that we can quickly
find the materials we are looking for.
| | 01:42 | I am going to start by clicking this
twirldown to open up the Autodesk Library
| | 01:47 | and notice that the materials
are divided into major categories.
| | 01:50 | We can use these
categories to find our materials.
| | 01:53 | For instance, maybe I am looking for a
particular type of glass. I can select
| | 01:58 | that category and then I can grab
this slider and drag up and down to view
| | 02:02 | all of the swatches.
| | 02:06 | Instead of glass, maybe I am
looking for a specific type of metal.
| | 02:09 | I'll select that category.
| | 02:11 | Once again, I can drag up
and down to view the swatches.
| | 02:14 | If you'd like to change the size of the
swatches, you can click and hold on the
| | 02:19 | slider and drag them to the left or
right and make them whatever size you like.
| | 02:25 | We can also search for
materials by using keywords.
| | 02:27 | I am going to click in the search
area and I am going to type red.
| | 02:31 | This shows me all of the swatches that
are associated with the color red and
| | 02:37 | I can further refine my
search by selecting a category.
| | 02:40 | For instance, maybe I'd like to all of
the red fabric, maybe I'd like to see
| | 02:46 | all of the red masonry.
| | 02:47 | As far as my drawing is concerned,
I would like three materials.
| | 02:51 | I would like to bring in a material for
my table, one for the metal shaft of the
| | 02:56 | screwdriver, and one for the handle.
| | 02:58 | First of all, I'd like the
table to appear like wood.
| | 03:02 | So I am going to click in the
Search area and I am going to type pine.
| | 03:08 | This sorts my materials.
| | 03:09 | it's obvious they are all
coming from the Wood category.
| | 03:12 | I am going to drag down
through the swatches here.
| | 03:15 | These names are truncated, if I hover
over these we can see the entire name.
| | 03:19 | I am going to grab the Yellow
Pine - Solid Natural Polished.
| | 03:24 | To add this to my drawing,
I will click once on the swatch.
| | 03:28 | That adds it to the Document Materials area.
| | 03:31 | Let's clear the search.
| | 03:32 | I'd like to find a metallic material to
use for the shaft portion of the screwdriver.
| | 03:38 | This time I am going to drag down
through the categories, I am going to
| | 03:42 | select Metal - Steel.
| | 03:45 | Let's drag down through the swatches
and let's go with this one, we'll use the
| | 03:50 | metal with the satin finish.
| | 03:53 | Finally, I need a material for the handle.
| | 03:55 | I am going to click in the search
area, and I am going to type yellow.
| | 04:00 | Let's take a look at the
categories. Metallic Paint.
| | 04:04 | That might be interesting.
| | 04:06 | I don't care for those too much.
| | 04:07 | Let's take a look at Plastic.
| | 04:09 | Let's go with this one, Smooth - Yellow.
| | 04:11 | I'll click to add this to my drawing.
| | 04:14 | If you enter a keyword, AutoCAD
applies that keyword to the materials in
| | 04:17 | your drawing as well.
| | 04:19 | You can use this to your advantage if
you have several materials in your file.
| | 04:23 | I am going to clear the search.
| | 04:25 | Now that we've finished shopping,
let's apply these materials to our objects.
| | 04:29 | Now there's a couple of ways we can do this.
| | 04:32 | One way we can apply a
material is by clicking on the swatch.
| | 04:35 | I'll drag this into my drawing and I'll
release it over the object I'd like to apply it to.
| | 04:40 | As you could see, my table now looks like wood.
| | 04:43 | Another way we can apply materials is
by selecting the object first, then I can
| | 04:48 | come over and select the
material in the browser.
| | 04:51 | I've got one more material left.
| | 04:53 | Let's take this Yellow plastic. I am going
to drag it over and release it on the handle.
| | 04:58 | Now that I am finished, let's go to
the Render tab and we'll click the Render
| | 05:01 | icon to see how our image looks.
| | 05:05 | Now that the rendering is finished, you could
see my table has a nice wood grain appearance.
| | 05:09 | It's also somewhat glossy.
| | 05:11 | It's getting that from the Material Property.
| | 05:13 | The shaft part of the screwdriver
looks like a satin-finished metal, and my
| | 05:18 | yellow plastic handle looks okay.
| | 05:20 | I am not crazy about the way this reads
over the top of that wood material though.
| | 05:24 | Let's make a change.
| | 05:25 | I am going to close my render window.
| | 05:28 | Let's grab a new material.
| | 05:30 | I am going to type blue in the keyword search.
| | 05:34 | Let's see if we can find
something else interesting.
| | 05:36 | Let's take a look at Metallic Paint.
| | 05:39 | I am going to click to add this to my drawing.
| | 05:43 | I'll clear the search and then
I'll drag this on to the handle.
| | 05:47 | Let's render this one more time. There we go.
| | 05:50 | In my opinion, this blue
material looks much better.
| | 05:53 | Feel free to experiment with
any of the other material choices.
| | 05:58 | Using the new Material Browser is a lot
like having your own personal warehouse
| | 06:01 | of material samples.
| | 06:03 | Using the search and sorting features,
it only takes a few clicks to find and
| | 06:07 | apply the perfect material.
| | Collapse this transcript |
| Applying materials to an assembly| 00:00 | Now that our wagon assembly is finished
and we are familiar with using the new
| | 00:03 | Materials Browser, it's time to apply
photorealistic materials to our assembly.
| | 00:09 | To do that I'm going to click to Render tab.
| | 00:11 | Then I'll come down in the Materials
panel and we'll open up the Materials Browser.
| | 00:16 | Let's dock this palette to the interface.
| | 00:19 | To do that, I'll click and hold down
this bar, I'll drag it to the right side of
| | 00:23 | the screen, and I'll release.
| | 00:25 | I'd like to do one more thing.
| | 00:26 | Let's restore our saved
rendered view over here on the left.
| | 00:31 | To do that, I'll click the Home tab,
I'll come down to the View panel, and we'll
| | 00:36 | open up the Unsaved View menu,
and I'll select Rendered View.
| | 00:40 | Now, if you look in the Documents
Materials area, you can see that there is
| | 00:43 | already a material in this drawing.
| | 00:46 | This is the Linen-White material and
it was in the original assembly file.
| | 00:50 | This material is being used for
the table underneath the wagon.
| | 00:54 | I'd like to add a few more
materials to this drawing.
| | 00:57 | First of all, I'd like to add a nice
white glossy paint-like material for the
| | 01:01 | centers of my wheels.
| | 01:02 | I am going to click in the
search area and type white.
| | 01:06 | Then I'll take a look at the categories.
| | 01:11 | I am going to select Finish.
| | 01:13 | Let's use this material, Lacquer-White.
| | 01:16 | I'll click this swatch to add it to my drawing.
| | 01:19 | Next, I'd like to find a red
plastic material to use for my wheel caps.
| | 01:24 | So, I will click in the
search area and type red.
| | 01:27 | Then I'll drag down through the categories.
| | 01:32 | I'll select Plastic.
| | 01:35 | Then I'll grab this slider.
| | 01:37 | I'll drag this down and we'll
take a look at the swatches.
| | 01:41 | Let's use this one, High-Gloss-Burnt Red.
I'll click to add this to the drawing.
| | 01:46 | Let's see if we can find
suitable material to use for our tires.
| | 01:51 | This time I'll type rubber in the search area.
| | 01:55 | You see we have three choices.
They are all in the Miscellaneous category.
| | 01:58 | I've got Rubber-Black,
Rubber-Blue and Rubber-Green.
| | 02:03 | This black rubber material isn't as
dark as one I would like but it's obviously
| | 02:07 | the only game in town right now.
| | 02:09 | So I'll click to add this to my drawing.
| | 02:11 | Finally, I'd like to find a glossy
black paint-like material for the hardware
| | 02:16 | underneath the wagon.
| | 02:17 | I am going to enter black in the search area.
| | 02:23 | I'll drag down through my category list.
| | 02:25 | I am going to select Metallic Paint this time.
| | 02:30 | Let's take this material, Glossy- Back.
| | 02:32 | I'll click to add this to the drawing.
| | 02:35 | When I am finished, I'd
click the X to close the search.
| | 02:38 | Now that I have selected my materials,
I would like to apply these to my components.
| | 02:43 | If you remember, some of these components
that we created are made up of several surfaces.
| | 02:48 | So dragging and dropping these materials
onto the objects might be time consuming.
| | 02:53 | There is actually another way we
can apply materials to our model.
| | 02:56 | We can apply them by layer.
| | 02:59 | To do that, I'll click the Render tab,
and then I'll click to open up the
| | 03:03 | Materials panel and I'll select Attach By Layer.
| | 03:07 | This brings up a dialog box that gives
me a listing of my materials on the left.
| | 03:12 | On the right, I can see a
listing of my layer names.
| | 03:15 | By default, the layer names
are not in an alphabetical order.
| | 03:19 | To fix that, I can click the column header.
| | 03:21 | I am going to click it one more time to
these A to Z. To change the width of the
| | 03:27 | column you can click and hold on the
divider and drag it left and right.
| | 03:32 | To assign a material to a layer, you
can simply click and hold on the materials
| | 03:35 | swatch and drag it over and drop
it on the layer of your choice.
| | 03:40 | I'm going to click and hold on this
slider, and I'm going to pull down
| | 03:44 | through the layer list because all of
these layers that start with surface
| | 03:47 | contain 2D geometry.
| | 03:51 | Let's start with the wagon
_axle_mount layer first.
| | 03:54 | This is going to be Glossy-Black.
| | 03:56 | So, I will click and hold on this material,
I'll drag it over and drop it on the layer.
| | 04:01 | For right now, let's make the wagon
_body red, and we'll drag the red
| | 04:06 | material onto that layer.
| | 04:07 | There is actually a feature missing that
we can't see right now on this dialog box.
| | 04:12 | Let me click and hold on this outer
edge and I'll drag this a little bit wider.
| | 04:17 | If at any point you'd like to remove a
material from a layer, you can click this
| | 04:21 | red X. My next several
layers are going to be black.
| | 04:25 | So I'll drag black onto the
front_axle, the wagon_handle.
| | 04:32 | I'll drag it onto the rear_brace,
and the rear_brackets, the wagon_socket
| | 04:38 | is going to be black.
| | 04:39 | Now the wheel_cap and the wheel_
plastic are both going to be red.
| | 04:44 | So I'll drag red onto those layers.
| | 04:50 | Let's drag the slider down so
we can see the remaining layers.
| | 04:53 | wheel_steel is going to be white.
| | 04:56 | So I will drag the white
material onto that layer.
| | 04:59 | Finally, we'll drag the rubber
black material onto the tire layer.
| | 05:03 | When I am finished, I'll click OK.
| | 05:06 | As you can see, assigning materials
to the layers is a very efficient way of
| | 05:10 | applying materials to your model.
| | 05:13 | Now that our materials have been added,
let's render this drawing and see how
| | 05:16 | our image is taking shape.
| | 05:18 | To do that I'm going to move
up and click the Render icon.
| | 05:22 | Now it will probably take a
couple of seconds to get started.
| | 05:24 | AutoCAD has to calculate
all of our shadows first.
| | 05:27 | Once it's finished with its
calculations, the image will start to take shape.
| | 05:33 | After our first rendering using
materials, you can see that our final image is
| | 05:36 | heading in the right direction.
| | 05:38 | We still have to make some changes
though. For instance I'd like the black tire
| | 05:42 | material to be a little bit darker,
and I'd like it to be a lot less glossy.
| | 05:47 | I'd like to have a little bit more
glossiness on the black painted components.
| | 05:51 | I would like my wagon body to be
a nice bright high-gloss yellow.
| | 05:55 | In our next lesson, we'll learn how to
make these changes by customizing our
| | 05:59 | materials to meet our specific needs.
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| Customizing render materials| 00:00 | If you've ever bought a suit off the
rack, you know that it never fits as well
| | 00:04 | as if you had it professionally tailored.
| | 00:06 | Well, AutoCAD materials work the same way.
| | 00:08 | We start out by inserting the off
the rack materials from the library and
| | 00:13 | after viewing the first rendering,
we need to come back and tailor the
| | 00:16 | materials to suit our needs.
| | 00:18 | In this lesson, we're going to learn
how to customize our render materials.
| | 00:22 | As you can see I'm still in the
assembly drawing. This is right where we left
| | 00:25 | off in the last session.
| | 00:27 | My Materials Browser is open
and docked to the interface.
| | 00:31 | I'd like to do one thing.
| | 00:32 | Let's ensure that we're
looking at our saved rendered view.
| | 00:36 | To do that I'm going to go the Home tab,
and then I'll come down to the View
| | 00:39 | panel, I'll open up the Saved View
menu and I'll select Rendered View.
| | 00:45 | To edit a material, we can double-
click the swatch in the Materials Browser.
| | 00:49 | This brings up the Material Editor.
| | 00:51 | From here, we have
access to all of the settings.
| | 00:54 | For instance, I'm going to
change the name of this material.
| | 00:58 | I'll change it to High Gloss - RED.
| | 01:02 | One important note.
| | 01:03 | The changes I'm making are not
being saved back to the library.
| | 01:07 | I am merely changing the materials
that have been inserted into this drawing.
| | 01:11 | Let's change the material's color.
| | 01:13 | To do that I'll click in this Color
area and I would like this to be pure red
| | 01:17 | and the RGB value for pure red is 255,0,0.
| | 01:23 | Let's click OK. Notice the
change in the swatch and in the model.
| | 01:28 | Also notice that we have
several other settings available.
| | 01:31 | Make sure to play around and
explore these extra settings.
| | 01:35 | You'll be amazed that the amount of control
you have over the appearance of your materials.
| | 01:39 | One way to learn what each setting
does is to hover over it and AutoCAD will
| | 01:43 | give you more information.
| | 01:45 | The best way to learn the settings
is to change them and see how they
| | 01:48 | affect your rendering.
| | 01:50 | Now that I am finished making changes to
this material, I'm going to click the X
| | 01:54 | to close the editor.
| | 01:56 | Let's make a change to
the Glossy - Black material.
| | 01:59 | I'll double-click the swatch.
| | 02:02 | I'm going to leave the name as it is.
| | 02:04 | The change I'd like to make is
down here in the Top Coat area.
| | 02:08 | Let's click the twirldown to open up
these settings and I'm going to change
| | 02:12 | this from Custom to Car Paint.
| | 02:15 | Notice there are other choices.
| | 02:16 | If I was to select Chrome
that's obviously going way too far.
| | 02:21 | Let's click the flyout again
and I'll set this to Car Paint.
| | 02:25 | Now that I am finished, I'll
click the X to close the editor.
| | 02:28 | Finally, let's make a change
to the Black - Rubber material.
| | 02:32 | I'll double-click on that swatch.
| | 02:35 | Now in my opinion this isn't black
enough, so I'm going to click in the
| | 02:38 | Color area and then I will grab the slider
and I'll drag this down to a value of 10,10,10.
| | 02:46 | If you have trouble getting that exact
value, you can always enter it right here.
| | 02:50 | Let's click OK. I don't want the
rubber to have a glossy appearance so I'm
| | 02:55 | going to drag the Glossiness slider down to
zero. You can also enter the value right here.
| | 03:00 | Notice this material also
has some Reflectivity settings.
| | 03:04 | Let's click the twirl down to open this
up. I don't want my rubber material to
| | 03:08 | have any reflectivity, so I'm going
to remove this check to turn these off.
| | 03:15 | Once again I'll click the X to
close the editor when I am finished.
| | 03:18 | At this point I would like
to create a new material.
| | 03:21 | I need to create a glossy yellow
material for the body of my wagon.
| | 03:25 | There's a couple ways to create a new material.
| | 03:28 | One way is by clicking the Create Material icon.
| | 03:31 | This will create a brand-new material
from scratch and the settings for the
| | 03:35 | material will be based on the
type of material that you choose.
| | 03:38 | Now I am going to click off to the
side to close this menu because I want to
| | 03:43 | show you another way we can create a material.
| | 03:45 | We can also create a material by
right-clicking on an existing swatch and
| | 03:50 | selecting Duplicate.
| | 03:52 | in this case I'm going to
duplicate my High Gloss - RED material.
| | 03:56 | I will then double-click
on my new material swatch.
| | 03:59 | Let's call this one High Gloss - Yellow.
| | 04:03 | I'll click in the Color area and I have
a specific RGB value I would like to use.
| | 04:09 | I'm going to enter 255,194,14. When I
am finished I'll click OK and then I will
| | 04:18 | click the X to close the Editor.
| | 04:21 | Now let's apply our new
material to the body of our wagon.
| | 04:25 | To do that I am going to go the Render
tab, then I will open up the Materials
| | 04:29 | panel, and I will select Attach By Layer.
| | 04:32 | I will then select my new yellow
material and I will drag it over and drop it on
| | 04:36 | to the wagon_body layer.
| | 04:38 | When I am finished I will click OK.
| | 04:40 | Let's launch the Render command and see
the difference that our change has made.
| | 04:45 | Now that the render is finished, take a
look at the black rubber tire material.
| | 04:49 | This looks a lot more natural.
| | 04:50 | It looks more like what we would expect.
| | 04:53 | The red plastic caps really pop.
| | 04:55 | Now they show up well in the rendering.
| | 04:57 | I have got a nice glossiness on my
black paint and the body of my wagon has the
| | 05:02 | nice high gloss yellow appearance.
| | 05:05 | As you can see the only way to get
the look that you want is to jump in and
| | 05:08 | start modifying the
properties of your materials.
| | 05:11 | Make sure to experiments and play
around with the various settings.
| | 05:14 | You will be amazed at what you can do.
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| Creating a high-resolution image| 00:00 | If a rendering was only a momentary
image that showed up on screen,
| | 00:03 | it wouldn't be very helpful.
| | 00:05 | Fortunately, AutoCAD allows us to
save our rendered images such that we can
| | 00:09 | display, print or share them with others.
| | 00:12 | In this lesson we are going to learn how
to save our finished rendering as an image.
| | 00:17 | As you see I am still
working on our assembly drawing.
| | 00:19 | I have just rendered my composite model.
| | 00:22 | So we are picking up right where
we left off in the last session.
| | 00:25 | If we look down here you can see that
the size of my rendered image is 320 by
| | 00:29 | 240, that's the pixel resolution, and
this resolution is about the same size as
| | 00:35 | the screen on an iPod or a cell phone.
| | 00:37 | So this image is quite small.
| | 00:40 | In fact, if I click on this and then
roll my scroll wheel forward, we can zoom
| | 00:44 | in, and you can see just
how low quality the image is.
| | 00:48 | Let's back up little bit.
| | 00:51 | I would like to save this image.
| | 00:52 | You may be wondering why I want to do that.
| | 00:55 | Well the next rendering I
create is going to be time consuming.
| | 00:59 | In fact, depending on the speed of your
computer, it might take as long as half-an-hour.
| | 01:03 | The process for saving a small
image is the same as saving a large one.
| | 01:08 | So I will show how to save this small
image now, so when your final rendering
| | 01:11 | finishes, you'll know how
to save it to your computer.
| | 01:14 | To save the render I am going to
the File button and I'll select Save.
| | 01:19 | I am going to save this inside the Chapter 7
folder, insider our Exercise Files directory.
| | 01:24 | I am going to call this thumbnail_image.
| | 01:30 | If I click the flyout here under Files
of type, you can see that we can save our
| | 01:34 | renderings as several standard image formats.
| | 01:36 | I am going to select JPEG.
| | 01:39 | I'll Save and then I can adjust my
slider to determine the quality. I am going
| | 01:45 | to drag this up to best and click OK.
| | 01:48 | So that's how we can save our rendered image.
| | 01:51 | Let's close the render window and
we'll talk about how we can create a high
| | 01:55 | quality, high resolution rendering.
| | 01:58 | First I want to talk about a system variable.
| | 02:00 | I am going to click down here on my
command line and type facetres and I'll
| | 02:07 | hit Enter.
| | 02:08 | This system variable controls the
smoothness of your solid geometry.
| | 02:14 | The default setting for this variable is 0.5.
| | 02:17 | We can set it anywhere
from 0.1 all the way up to 10.
| | 02:20 | The higher you set the value,
the smoother your geometry appears in the
| | 02:24 | rendering but the longer the rendering takes.
| | 02:27 | Now I am not going to change the value.
I am going to leave this at 4 but if
| | 02:30 | you are working on your own drawing,
you may want to increase your facetres
| | 02:34 | from the default of 0.5.
| | 02:35 | I am going to hit Escape to cancel.
| | 02:39 | Let's move up and open the Render panel.
| | 02:41 | I can use this flyout to
set my render output size.
| | 02:45 | Now I have several
resolutions I can choose from.
| | 02:48 | these represent standard monitor sizes.
| | 02:51 | If I click Specify Image Size,
I can set whatever resolution I want.
| | 02:56 | The higher you set the resolution,
the longer it's going to take to render.
| | 03:01 | Now the native screen resolution on the
monitor that I am using is 1680 by 1050.
| | 03:09 | So I am going to enter that and click OK.
| | 03:12 | Let's open up the Render panel again.
| | 03:14 | Notice there is another slider here
we can use to adjust Render quality.
| | 03:17 | I am going to leave that at 2 for right now.
| | 03:21 | Take a look at this menu.
| | 03:23 | If I open this up, we have a choice of
Draft, Low, Medium, High or Presentation.
| | 03:28 | The settings we are going to be using
are little bit higher than Presentation.
| | 03:31 | I have made some modifications.
| | 03:33 | If you want to get in the nuts and
bolts of renders settings, click Manage
| | 03:38 | Render Presets and you can see
and adjust your settings here.
| | 03:42 | Now if you have any questions about
what these settings do, you can hover over
| | 03:47 | the option and AutoCAD will
give you more information.
| | 03:50 | This is just another
opportunity for experimentation.
| | 03:53 | Let's click Cancel.
| | 03:57 | I am now ready to create my final rendering.
| | 03:59 | Like I said, this is going to take
some time so as soon I click Render and
| | 04:03 | the Render window pops up, I am not
going to have you sit and watch the
| | 04:07 | entire render process.
| | 04:09 | We'll just cut to the final image.
| | 04:11 | The image on screen is an
example of the final rendering.
| | 04:15 | Even though our comprehensive project is
now finished, you don't have to stop here.
| | 04:19 | Try experimenting with different
colors and textures, try different
| | 04:23 | camera angles and views.
| | 04:25 | A good rendering is never truly finished.
| | 04:28 | There's always some small nuance you
can change to enhance the appearance
| | 04:31 | of your 3D model.
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ConclusionGoodbye| 00:00 | Well we have reached the end.
| | 00:02 | It's been a pleasure working with
you over the last couple of hours.
| | 00:05 | I had a great time.
| | 00:06 | I hope you did too.
| | 00:08 | Now it's time for you to take your new
AutoCAD skills and use them to advance
| | 00:12 | your career in the world of
production drafting. Good luck!
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